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John C. 1j :
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TKi. HuES'f.T l]Ri(,.\i)Ii;i;-GENKRAI
)iFD March im. 'Sgi
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
THE RECORD OF THE
FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY
CAPTAIN HARTWELL OSBORN
AND OTHERS
WITH EIGHTY PORTRAITS, FOUR VIE H V
AND TEN map's
CHICAGO
A. C. iMcCLURG & CO.
■ 1904
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
5601 04
A8TOR, LENOX AND
nuDEN FOUNDATIONt.
R 1912 U
— — ■iGBpynigiiTi iij
BY
HARTWELL OSBORN
PnHi':he,i Pe,
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introductory
Preface 15
Chapter I. Organization 17
Chapter II. The Ohio Brigade in Western Virginia 23
Chapter III. Movements of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Vol-
unteer Infantry 35
Chapter IV. The Virginia Campaign of 1862 Under
Generals Pope and Sigel 47
Chapter V. On the Right at Chancellors ville . . 58
Chapter VI. Recollections of Chancellors ville . . 75
Chapter VII. The Gettysburg Campaign 83
Chapter VIII. The Eleventh Corps in East Tennessee 113
Chapter IX. Campaigning with Sherman in Georgia 139
Chapter X. The March to the Sea 168
Chapter XI. From Savannah to Goldsborough . . . 186
Chapter XII. The Last Campaign 207
Chapter XIII. Women's Work During the War . . . 221
Chapter XIV. Sketches of Officers and Citizens . . 230
Chapter XV. Personal Notes and Recollections of
Soldiers 249
RECORDS AND STATISTICS
Roll of Honor and Statistics 261
Roll of Veterans 267
Itinerary of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry 271
Roster of the Command 284
The leaves that green to swnmer branches ching.
Lit by the torch of autumn, jiare and burn
In radiance more than summer s; then — they fall.
And leave the branches lone and tenantless.
The torch of Time with autumn splendor lights
Tour summer memories, who here have told
Of battle front and camp-fire comradery.
Viewed through the mist of years, you see your past
Aglow like autunin woods through autiwin haze —
The glafnour and the glory 7nore than June's.
Too soon — O wearers of the sacred blue —
The frost that falls shall bare those golden boughs;
But as one lays away the autumn leaves
Between the pages of his book, so, here.
Forever safe from stor77ts that dull and jade;
Forever safe from snow's oblivion;
Forever to your children' s children s eyes
As bright and glory-hued as to your own.
These martial memories of your youth are kept.
Marian Warner IVildman.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PORTRAITS
FACING PAGE
Alonzo D. Barber, Corporal, Co. I 92
Hugh H. Benfer, Corporal, Co. A 192
RussEL H. Bever, Captain, Co. A 1 58
Charles L. Boalt 230
Frederick H. Boalt,' Captain, Co. D no
Charles F. Boos, Leader of the Band 52
Edward Bromley, Second Lieutenant, Co. G 126
William E. Childs, First Lieutenant, Co. H 212
George Collingwood, Sergeant, Co. D 166
Daniel F. De Wolf, Major, 55th O. V. 1 48
Charles G. Drake, Corporal, Co. C 182
Charles D. Dudrow, Co. H 64
Mrs. Lizzie H. Farr 222
Edmund Franklin, Co. I 88
Charles B. Gambee, Colonel, 55th O. V. 1 20
John B. Gatchell, First Sergeant, Co. F 182
Ulysses S. Grant, General, U. S. A 114
OzRO B. Gould, Captain, Co. G 84
Joseph Hebble, Surgeon, 55th O. V. 1 178
Henry C. Henney, Co. A 32
Samuel Henney, Co. A 32
George W. Holloway, Co. D 166
Clay Holtz, Co. H 146
Joseph Hooker, Major- General, U. S. A 58
Charles H. Horton, Sergeant, Co. D 142
Oliver O. Howard, Major-General, U. S. A 76
9
10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FACING PAGE
John Hoyles, Co. I 88
Evelyn E. Husted, Sergeant, Co. D 208
Henry W. Husted, Co. D 208 '
Hiram Johnson, Co. I 92
Rev. William A. Keesey, Co. 1 36
Henry M. Kellogg, Co. G 64
Jay Kling, Surgeon, 55th O. V. 1 178
Philetus C. Lathrop, First Lieutenant, Co. A 158
John C. Lee, Colonel, 55th O. V. I Frontispiece
John R. Lowe, Captain, Co. H 68 '^
Nath.'^niel C. McLean, Brigadier-General, U. S. V 96
Francis H. Morse, Captain, Co. E no
James C. Myers, Assistant Surgeon, 55th O. V. 1 178
William Negele, Corporal, Co. H 152
Albert G. Niles, Co. C 122
Hartwell Osborn, Captain, Co. B 186
Albert E. Peck, Captain, Co. H 132
Henry J. Pelton, Quartermaster Sergeant, 55th O. V. 1 174
Benjamin F. Perkey, Co. H 142 -
Lewis Perkey, Corporal, Co. H 142
Robert W. Pool, Captain, Co. A 1 58
Moses Pugh, Sergeant, Co. H 170
Charles D. Robbins, Captain, Co. F 126
RuDOLPHUs Robbins, Major, 55th O. V. 1 48
Horace Robinson, Captain, Co. G 40
George H. Safford, Lieutenant-Colonel, 55th O. V. 1 20
Robert C. Schenck, Major-General, U. S. V 76
James L. Seeley, Co. D 1 70
William T. Sherman, General, U. S. A 139
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS II
FACING PAGE
Franz Sigel, Major- General, U. S. V 58
Charles M. Smith, Captain and Color-Sergeant 284
Orland Smith, Brevet Brigadier-General, U. S. V 96
James M. Stevens, Lieutenant-Colonel, 55th O. V. 1 20
Charles Stillman, Second Lieutenant, Co. D 24
Charles M. Stone, Captain, Co. G 84
Benjamin C. Taber, Quartermaster, 55th O. V. 1 174
Thomas C. Taylor, Bugler, 55th O. V. 1 212
Ira C. Terry, Captain, Co. I 36
George H. Thomas, Major-General, U. S. A 114
Abner D. Twaddle, Co. D 24
Thomas G. Valentine, Co. B 192
David A. Warren, First Sergeant, Co. C 118
Henry B. Warren, First Lieutenant, Co. D 118
Enoch B. Watson, Co. H 152
Pliny E. Watson, First Lieutenant, Co. K 68
Rev. Alfred Wheeler, Chaplain, 55th O. V. I 52
Charles P. Wickham, Lieutenant-Colonel, 55th O. V. 1 186
Frederick Wickham 230
William S. Wickham, Captain, Co. D 132
Frederick A. Wildman, Captain, Co. D 40
William Winch, Co. K 122
James Wood, Jr., Brevet Major-General, U. S. V 96
Mrs. Henry M. Wooster 222
Hon. Samuel T. Worcester 230
Mrs. Samuel T. Worcester 222
VIEWS
Monument Erected to the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry at Gettysburg 106
Company H, Mess 218
Monument Erected to Colonel Lee at Tiffin, Ohio 236
Monument Erected to Colonel Gambee at Bellevue, Ohio 244
12 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
FACING PAGE
Battle of McDowell 28
Battle of Cross Keys 44
Second Battle of Bull Run 54
Battle of Chancellorsville, May 2 72
Battle of Chancellors\^lle, May i, 3, and 5 80
Battle of Gettysburg 100
Battle of Resaca 148
Battle of Peach Tree Creek 162
Battle of Averasborough 198
Battle of Bentonville 202
INTRODUCTORY
AT the opening of the Civil War, in April, 1861, a contest that had
been fermenting for many years, there was an almost universal
belief in the minds of the people of the North that the conflict would
be of short duration; that a preponderance of men and means must
of necessity greatly outweigh the advantages of position held by the
seceding States, and that the North must win, and that speedily. In
the South the common people — the men who were destined to do,
and who cUd, the real fighting in the stupendous conflict that followed
for four weaxy years — were led to believe that in valor and tenacity
of purpose one of their number was the equal of five " greasy mechan-
ics and horny-handed farmers" from the North, and that the final
result could not be doubtful, namely, the triumph and independence
of the Confederacy.
The first serious battle of the war, waged on the field of Bull Run,
July 21, 1 86 1, dispelled the illusions of both sides, and thoughtful
people were made to reahze that only through many months of trial
and the prodigal expenditure of blood and treasure could the integrity
of the Union be maintained.
It was during the depressing period following that battle that
orders were promulgated for the organization of the regiment whereof
the follo\\ang pages recount the strenuous history. Its camp of
instruction was located on the banks of the Huron River, near Nor-
walk; and, while the first enthusiasm of w^ar had been chilled by
adversity, and enlistments were somewhat slow in consequence, the
ranks of the battaUon were in due time filled, and it was reported
ready for duty.
The companies were recruited from the counties of Erie, Huron,
Sandusky, Seneca, and Wyandot; and as it was one of the earhest
organizations raised exclusively in this territory, and perhaps because
its camp of instruction was here, it soon became and ever remained
the people's favorite regiment.
As showing the estimation in which it was held by the public,
13
14 INTRODUCTORY
the following extract from the Norvvalk Refleclor, published on the
eve of the battahon's departure to the front, is quoted :
"The regiment broke camp Friday, January 24, 1862, leaving
Norwalk Saturday morning at 1 1 o'clock. The regiment had been
camped near us for many weeks, and during all this time scarcely a
day passed that our citizens, more or less, had not visited the camp
and mingled with the officers and men. The quiet, orderly conduct
of the men, the courtesy and kindness always extended to visitors
by the regimental and company officers, the kindness of the officers
to the men, while they always preserved strict discipUne, have taught
our people to regard them almost as brothers. Many of the famihes
of this place are represented in the regiment by some brothers or
husbands, and it is not extravagant to say that the sympathetic
feehngs of our citizens have rarely, if ever, before been touched as
they were on Saturday last."
The coming pages will demonstrate how well the regiment
deserved, and how gallantly it maintained through four years of
the most active service, the reputation it had gained in its camp of
instruction on the banks of the Huron.
William S. Wickham.
PREFACE
THE following pages do not assume to be history — they are rather
a storehouse of facts which some future historian may use when
his inspired pen shall tell the story of the great war between the
States, by which the principles of free government were firmly
established.
The Historical Committee of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry desires to give proper credit and to return sincere thanks
to all the Comrades who have assisted in the preparation of the
story which is here related.
Responsibility for the compilation and generally for the facts and
opinions expressed must rest upon Captain Hartwell Osborn, as the
greater part of the labor was performed by him. The chapters in
the book not credited to other writers are from his pen. Several of
the papers, by Captain Osborn and by others, were prepared
originally for the purpose of being read to Comrades of the Army
at their gatherings.
The chapters by Lieutenant-Colonel C. P. Wickham, Captain
W. S. Wickham, and Rev. W. A. Keesey have special value and ex-
ceptional interest, and the chapter entitled "The Women in the
War" is from the versatile pen and warm heart of the wife of one
of the best loved officers of the command. To Mrs. Bertha Henney
Thompson is due the credit for the drawing of all the maps.
In reciting minutely the incidents of four years of service, almost
entirely at the front and on the firing line, it is impossible to escape
errors, but it is hoped these will be found few in number and unim-
portant. The substantial facts furnish a record of which all survivors
of the Regiment may be proud, and in which future generations of
their descendants will find not only incidents of interest, but argu-
ments and reasons for holding fast to the appeal of our martyred
President, "That government of the people, by the people, and for
the people, may not perish from the earth."
Hartwell Osborn
Robert W. Pool
Chicago, September /, igo4. W. A. KeeSEY
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
THE RECORD OF THE
FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY
CHAPTER I
ORGANIZATION
THE first indication on record of interest in the promoting and
organizing of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer
Infantry consisted of a petition addressed to Governor Dennison, not
dated, but evidently prepared as early as August 25, 1861, which
recommends the appointment of A. G. Sutton as Colonel, George H.
Safford as Lieutenant-Colonel, and Calvin Carr as Major, of a regi-
ment of infantry to be raised in Huron and Erie counties and vicinity.
The petition also suggests the establishment of a camp at or near
Norwalk. This document is signed by the following well-known
citizens of Norwalk:
John F. Dewey, Treasurer of Hu- Horace Beardsley.
ron County. R. T. Rust.
G. M. Cleveland, Sheriff of Hu- John Beardsley.
ron County. E. A. Pray.
Julius S. Coe, Postmaster at Nor- Jos. M. Farr.
walk. John Kennan.
Asa R. Hillyer. W. O. Parker.
George Q. Adams, Probate Judge. C. I. Parker.
James Brown, Recorder of Huron Samuel T. Worcester, M. C.
County. F. A. Wildman.
J. C. Curtiss, Jr., Clerk Huron O. Jenney.
Common Pleas.
It is more than probable that the project was originated by
17
l8 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1861
Charles L. Boalt, who was at that time Chairman of the Military
Committee of Huron County, and was prominent in its develop-
ment. A letter from Governor Dennison to him of date August
26, 1 86 1, is evidence of his active co-operation and assistance.
There is evidence, too, of the sympathy and aid of the Hon.
Samuel T. Worcester, of Norwalk, Member of Congress for the
Tenth District of Ohio. His legal training and ability gave him
great influence in the departments at Washington, and his high
character and fine attainments were always exerted on the side
of the right.
Under these auspices and with the active support of all the loyal
men and women of the district, recruiting began. In spite of much
delay, principally on account of the number of organizations seeking
recruits at this time, enlistments were good, and the various com-
panies gradually completed their organizations. On the 7th of
October the companies were sufficiently recruited to warrant assem-
bUng, and a camp ground was selected about one and a half miles
west of Norwalk, upon high ground overlooking the Huron River,
on the farm of Isaac Underbill. This camp, named Camp Mc-
Clellan, was established under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel
George H. Safiford, who had been commissioned on the nth of Sep-
tember. Upon the same date John C. Lee was commissioned Major,
and Daniel F. De Wolf First Lieutenant and Adjutant, on the i8th
of September. The company commanders assembled their companies
as fast as recruits were secured, and the regular duties of drill and
camp routine were undertaken.
Vigorous efforts were made to secure the appointment of a grad-
uate of the Military Academy at W^est Point as Colonel of the regi-
ment, but without success, and it is worthy of note that the Fifty-
Fifth Ohio Infantry was organized, equipped, and trained for service
without the assistance of any officer of miUtary education. No
doubt this was a disadvantage, and better progress could have been
made and many mistakes avoided if expert knowledge and abiUty
could have been secured.
The temper of both officers and men, however, was of the best.
Their country needed their services as soldiers, hence they submitted
to the harsh discipline of miUtary Ufe with perfect good humor, and
i86i] ORGANIZATION IQ
with a zealous anxiety to learn the miUtary art and to assist in preserv-
ing the liberties of their land.
This spirit was never quenched, and although their four years of
service was filled with much labor and many dangers, there was
never any doubt in their minds as to the final result, or any faltering
in their activities.
Adjutant D. F. De Wolf was promoted to Major on the 21st of
November. His experience as a teacher had taught him valuable
lessons in the art of education, and as a result of his efficient training,
the regiment took on a form and bearing which always distinguished
it as an orderly, self-respecting, well-trained, and obedient command.
Daily lessons in the officers' school and severe drilhng twice each day
on the parade ground soon brought even the most stupid recruit to a
realizing sense of the meaning of a military command, and to the use
of arms.
On the 2 1 St of November, Major John C. Lee was commissioned
Colonel and took command of the regiment, and under his vigorous
hand discipUne was learned, and the command became an organiza-
tion fit for the service it was destined to undertake. Few regiments
in the army were blessed with a commander more just or more sym-
pathetic. He possessed the kingly faculty of remembering names
and faces, and knew every man in the regiment by name. His influ-
ence was therefore great, and his resignation after two years of service
was one of the most serious losses the command ever experienced.
A band of twenty-four pieces was enhsted and assembled early
in October under the leadership of Charles F. Boos, of Tiffin, an
accompUshed musician who wore the shoulder straps of a First Lieu-
tenant. One of the first productions of Lieutenant Boos was a regi-
mental call, consisting of a few notes upon the bugle, which were
so original and significant as to become a distinctive characteristic
of the regiment. This call preceded the'regular calls upon the bugle,
and proved in service to be always desirable, and often exceedingly
useful. Upon more than one occasion the soldiers far away on the
picket or skirmish line heard the familiar notes and received the
message, knowing it was meant for their ears alone. This principle
of having a distinguishing signal for each command is recognized
in modern tactics.
20 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS {x86i
On the I St of December the organization was complete, and most
of the men had become acquainted with the drill and discipline of
a soldier's life.
On the 1 8th of December a stand of colors was presented to the
regiment by the citizens of Norwalk. The ceremony took place
at Camp McClellan, and was an event in the history of the com-
mand. An address prepared by Hon. S. T. Worcester, M. C,
was read by Joseph M. Farr, and responded to by Colonel Lewis
Zahm of the Third Ohio Cavalry. Hon. P. N. Schuyler followed
with an eloquent speech, to which Colonel John C. Lee of the
Fifty-Fifth replied. The colors were presented by John Whitbeck
of Norwalk, and were received by Lieutenant- Colonel George H.
Saflford. Eloquent speeches were also made by Charles L. Boalt
and Major D. F. De Wolf.
An immense throng of citizens attended the ceremony. The
regiment made a very creditable appearance and marched very well,
being encouraged by the enthusiasm and sincere interest of their
friends and neighbors, so gracefully expressed. This stand of colors,
faded by hard use and torn with bullets and shells of the enemy,
was brought home and placed in the hands of Charles Stacey of
Company D, who as Color Bearer of the Regimental Association
has preserved them \vith religious care.
On January 25, 1862, Camp McClellan was abandoned, and
the regiment with full ranks marched through Norwalk en route
to the tented field, and began that tour of active service in the
field from which it returned on July 20, 1865, for final muster
out.
The roster of the regiment at this time was as follows:
Colonel John C. Lee j
Lieutenant-Colonel George H. Safford >• Field 3
Major Daniel F. De Wolf )
Surgeon Jay Kling 1
Assistant Surgeon Henry K. Spooner
Chaplain John G. W. Cowles [ Staff 5
Adjutant Frank W. Martin
Quartermaster Robert G. Pennington
Charles 1>. G. aibee
Colonel, Fifty-Fifth Oiiio olunteer I:.tantry
Killed M.av ts. i^ti4. iN B .^ ttlf of 11ks.\ .a. (iA.
George H. Sa.fford
Lieutenant -Colonel, P'.ifty-Fifth
Ohio Volunteer Inf^-ntry
, .MF-S ^^. '^TFAENS
LlLLTlNA- T-COLO-TEI, FlFTY-FlFTH
(JllIO \oLUKTFER INFANTRY
i86i]
ORGANIZATION
Quartermaster Sergeant
Benjamin C. Taber
Commissary Sergeant
James G. Millen
Sergeant-Major
Mahlon Lambert
Noncom-
Hospital Steward
WilHam E. Childs
' missioned
Leader of the Band and | ^^^^^^^ ^ 3^^^
Staff
Principal Musician
1
Second Principal Musician Peter Remming
Band
Company A
Captain
Charles B. Gambee ]
ist Lieutenant
Benjamin F. Eldridge
- Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
WilUam H. Long '
Noncommissioned Ofl&cers
13
Privates
83
Company B
Captain
Augustus S. Bement '
ist Lieutenant
WiUiam D. Sherwood
- Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
Frankhn J. Sauter
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
73
Company C
Captain
Horatio N. Shipman '
ist Lieutenant
Henry W. Persing
' Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
Arthur Cranston
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
85 I
Company D
Captain
Frederick A. Wildman '
ist Lieutenant
Charles P. Wickham
>- Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
Frederick H. Boalt !
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
79
Company E
Captain
Edwin H. Powers ^
ist Lieutenant
Albert E. Peck
>■ Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
Francis H. Morse
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
67
24
99
95
83
22
TRIALS AIVD TRIUMPHS
[
1861
Company F
Captain
Daniel S. Brown
)
ist Lieutenant
Jacob Thomas
y Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
Charles D. Robbins
)
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
71
87
Company G
Captain
Horace Robinson
)
I St Lieutenant
Robert Bromley
- Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
Charles M. Stone
)
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
68
84
Company H
Captain
James M. Stevens
)
ist Lieutenant
Randolph Eastman
V Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
Robert W. Pool
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
83
99
Company I
Captain
Ira C. Terry
]
ist Lieutenant
Richard F. Patrick
- Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
Hartwell Osborn
)
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
76
92
Company K
Captain
Rudolphus Robbins
)
ist Lieutenant
Henry W. Miller
\ Officers
3
2d Lieutenant
James K. Agnew
)
Noncommissioned Officers
13
Privates
84
100
967
CHAPTER II
THE OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA
DURING the War of the Rebellion the State of Ohio furnished,
in response to calls for troops, 313,000 men of all arms.
Under the first call, April 15, 186 1, Ohio placed in the field twenty-
three regiments of three-months troops, and these commands, after
serving their term, re-enlisted, almost to a man, for three years.
Early in April, 1861, General Robert E. Lee, as Major-General in
command of Virginia State troops, assigned certain points in that
State to be occupied, among which were Fredericksburg, Manassas
Junction, Harper's Ferry, and Grafton. It was essential to the Con-
federate plans that the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
should be permanently broken, and it was equally essential to the
Union Army that this great commercial artery should be kept in-
tact; thus the Maryland-Virginia frontier became at once the scene
of activity.
General Robert E. Lee and General T. J. Jackson essayed cam-
paigns against Generals McClellan and Lander in West Virginia,
and General Johnston against General Patterson in the Shenandoah
valley; but the Confederate generals gained no laurels in their
efforts, and were e.xpelled from West Virginia by McClellan. The
armies of both the Union and Confederate governments were des-
tined to meet in front of Washington, on the historic field of Bull Run,
July 21, 1861. This battle, so disastrous to the Union Army, opened
the eyes of the North to the real nature of the conflict, and there was
no uncertainty in the response to the urgent call for troops.
On the 22d of July, 1861, President Lincoln called for 500,000
men for three years' service. In response to this call the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio was organized, at Norwalk, October 17, 1861, and took the
field on the 25th of January, 1862, having a muster roll of 967
officers and men. Arriving at Grafton, West Virginia, January
28, it made a short stay, being ordered, February 3, to New Creek
(now Keyser), West Virginia, from which point it made two ex-
23
24 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
peditions into the enemy's country, — one to Romney, sixteen miles
distant, February 6 to 8; and one to Moorefield, forty miles distant,
February 12 to 16. These marches, over a rough country, in the
depth of winter, over trails covered with snow, and across moun-
tain streams swollen and almost impassable, were a rough intro-
duction to a soldier's life.
The details of these expeditions are given in the following
chapter by Rev. W. A. Keesey, who was at that time a member of
Company I and preserved the record in his diary.
On the 19th of February the command returned to Grafton,
where it was for a time decimated by measles and camp diseases,
occasioned by exposure to the trying winter weather.
On the 31st of March the regiment moved to Green Spring, Vir-
ginia, where it received equipment and enjoyed the pleasure of break-
ing in green mules to its wagon-train — an experience amusing enough
as memory recalls it, but at the time exasperating to the last degree.
Moving by slow marches via Romney, about April 15 the com-
mand reached Moorefield and became a part of the brigade of Gen-
eral Robert C. Schenck, an Ohio general of distinction and force.
This brigade consisted of the Fifty-Fifth and Eighty-second Ohio,
the Fifth West Virginia, De Beck's Ohio Battery K, and a battaUon
of Connecticut cavalry.
The mountain department was at this time commanded by Gen-
eral John C. Fremont, who had relieved General Rosecrans on
March 29. The department was divided into four districts, as fol-
lows: First, the Railroad District, under General B. F. Kelley;
second, Cumberland District, under General R. C. Schenck; third.
Cheat Mountain District, under General Robert Milroy; fourth,
Kanawha District, under General J. D. Cox — the total force under
these commanders aggregating about 19,000 men. General Schenck
had been assigned to the Cumberland District upon the death of
its former commander. General F. W. Lander, March 2, 1862.
General Fremont had planned a campaign against Knoxville and
the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, intending to move via
the valley of Virginia, having the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for
a base, and with the intention of taking Staunton en route. To this
end instructions were issued to General Milroy to move from Cheat
Charles Stillman
Second Lif.utexant, Company D
AbNEK \j. TWADDi I
Company i)
Kii.i.Ki. May 15. 1H64. in Uattle OF
RfSACA, CiA.
\ *
1 862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 25
Mountain, via Monterey, and, if possible, join the troops under
General Banks, who were threatening inferior forces under General
Jackson in the valley.
General Schenck was instructed, on April 7, by General Fremont,
to advance via Moorefield and Franklin and to co-operate with Gen-
eral Milroy, whose advance guards had passed Monterey and were
skirmishing with the command of General Edward Johnson on Shen-
andoah Mountain. General Fremont appreciated the difficulties of
his proposed task, and pressed vigorously for additional troops, with
the result of persuading the President to direct, on March 31, that
Blenker's division of the Second Corps be detached from McDowell's
command. General McClellan reluctantly assented to this depletion
of his reserve force, to which had been assigned the duty of covering
Washington while his grand army essayed the capture of the Con-
federate capital.
This division of German troops consisted of twelve regiments of
infantry in three brigades, commanded respectively by Stahel,
Bohlen, and Von Steinwehr, and four batteries of artillery, with one
regiment of cavalry. The aggregate of the command was about
12,000 men. On the 7th of March it moved from its permanent
camp at Hunter's Chapel, Virginia, being directed to march toward
Fort Monroe. On the loth of March it was directed to march
toward Harper's Ferry, and to report for orders from that point.
Up to April 12 no report was received, and the command was prac-
tically lost. General Rosecrans was then directed to find the division
and conduct it to Moorefield, where General Fremont would give
orders.
The march of this command from March 31, when it was assigned
to General Fremont, to May 11, when it reached Petersburg, Vir-
ginia, would be comical were it not so pitiful. Poorly equipped at
best, having abandoned all its tent and garrison equipage, it seems
to have been entirely neglected by the War Department, whose
energies were directed towards furnishing McClellan's grand army
with complete equipage and stores. General Rosecrans reported
that for forty days, during a most inclement season, the division had
had no tents or shelter of any kind, and at Winchester, April ig,
reported necessary delay, caused by lack of shoes, forage, provisions.
26 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
and horses both for batteries and trains. On the 15th of April,
while crossing the Shenandoah at Berry's Ferry, upon an improvised
ferry, Bohlen's brigade lost forty officers and men by the sinking of
the ferry-boat, caused by carelessness and panic.
General Schenck, with his little command of about 2,400 men,
arrived at Petersburg April 29.
The march of the brigade was preceded by Company A of the
Fifty-Fifth Ohio, which, under Captain Gambee, was detailed to
construct a telegraph line from Moorefield to Franklin.
The adventures of this pioneer company are detailed in a letter
from Henry C. Henney, a private in Company A, to his family in
Ohio. This is given verbatim at the end of this chapter.
The route led up the valley of the south branch of the Potomac,
a stream which flows between the ridges of the Alleghany Mountains
parallel to the Shenandoah valley. The mountain trail was difficult,
and, arriving at Petersburg, May 3, the swollen waters of the South
Branch presented a serious obstacle. With his accustomed energy
General Schenck pressed his command forward and the stream was
passed, but not without serious danger and many exhibitions of
courage and skill in braving and overcoming the opposing elements.
The brigade reached Franklin May 5, and encamped nine miles
south on the 6th, when word was received from General Milroy that
his advance was checked, and that he had retired and concentrated
at McDowell, a hamlet about ten miles east of Monterey, where he
was threatened by a superior force and needed help. Three com-
panies of the Fifty-Fifth had been detailed to scout the adjacent
country and could not be reached in time, and General Schenck
ordered a forced march to McDowell. For twenty-four hours the
command trod the mountain trail, covering thirty-four miles without
rest, and at noon of May 7 their timely arrival deUghted the hearts
of Milroy' s command.
The few companies of the Fifty-Fifth were placed in reserve with
the battery on a commanding elevation, while the Eighty-second
Ohio and the Fifth West Virginia were placed in line with Milroy's
command, and took part in the battle.
The Confederate General, T. J. Jackson, on April 5 (his com-
mand numbering then about 4,000 men) called for reinforcements,
1 862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 27
having been defeated at Kernstown by General Banks in the engage-
ment of March 23. Ewell's division, 8,000 strong, wdth two regi-
ments of cavaky and fourteen pieces of artillery, was directed to
report to him, and on April 21 the two commands were united near
Swift Run Gap. General Robert E. Lee, at this time fearing that
McDowell's command would move to reinforce McClellan before
Richmond, or that Banks and Fremont would move on Staunton,
directed General Jackson so to dispose his forces as to neutrahze this
threatening combination, favoring a blow at the force under Milroy.
On the 4th of May General Jackson moved with his command to
join General Edward Johnson, having a force of 8,000 infantry, in
three brigades, five batteries of artillery, and one battaUon of cavalry.
General Johnson's command consisted of six regiments of infantry,
three batteries of artillery, and five squadrons of cavalry, a total of
3,000 men. Directing General Ewell to watch the Union Army
under General Banks, then near Strasburg (Ewell's command con-
sisted of 8,000 infantry, two regiments of cavalry, and fourteen
pieces of artillery). General Jackson marched rapidly to Staunton,
where he united with General Edward Johnson, and thence passed,
via the turnpike, over the Shenandoah Mountain. On the 8th of
May the opposing commands of Milroy and Johnson met upon Bull
Pasture Mountain, near McDowell.
General Milroy's command comprised four regiments of infantry
and one battery of artillery. General Schenck, arriving about noon,
sent forward the Eighty-second Ohio and the Fifth West Virginia
to join Milroy; the Fifty-Fifth Ohio remained in reserve. The
position at McDowell being untenable. General Schenck directed
an attack upon the enemy, who were rapidly taking position on
Sitlington's Hill, a spur of the mountain commanding the little
valley of Bull Pasture River. The attack was made with skill and
intrepidity, and a sharp contest ensued, resulting in serious loss to
the enemy, who had 498 killed and wounded, while Schenck's com-
mand lost 256 killed and wounded.
Under cover of night General Schenck retired, and by easy
marches on the 9th, loth, and nth of May, reached Franklin, where
position was taken in the rear of the village upon commanding
ground.
28 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [i86a
Company D of the Fifty-Fifth, under Captain F. A. Wildman,
was detached from the regiment on April 7 and stationed as a guard
at a ford over the South Fork of the Potomac River at Moorefield.
On the 14th of May a surgeon in charge of an ambulance arrived at
Moorefield, and reported having been fired on by bushwhackers near
Wardensville, a small village about thirty miles east of Moorefield,
and that his patients had been murdered.
General Fremont at once organized a force to punish these
scoundrels, and Lieutenant-Colonel Downey of the Maryland Poto-
mac Home Brigade with fifty men of Captain William Firey's cavalry
and sixty infantrymen of Company D, Fifty-Fifth Ohio, under
Lieutenant F. H. Boalt, marched from Moorefield at 5 A. m. of
May 17 with orders to burn the village. This order was, however,
recalled, as the citizens were able to prove their innocence of the
crime. The expedition moved rapidly, reaching Wardensville just
at night. The guerrillas were surprised, ten of their number being
captured, and Captain Hanson was killed. Returning by another
road, the command unexpectedly came upon the headquarters of
Captain John Umbaugh, a noted bushwhacker, who, with two of his
men, was killed, and five were wounded and captured. The expedi-
tion then returned to Moorefield.
Colonel Downey, in making liis report, failed to mention Company
D or to note the fact that it was with him, and therefore no credit
for its good ser\dce is recorded in the Official Record. Corporal
Stacey of Company D was present and still preserves the charge
from Captain Umbaugh's shotgun as a souvenir of the affair. By a
curious lapse Colonel Downey in making his report places the date
of the expedition at May 7, a week before the outrage was com-
mitted. (See Official Record, Volume XII, Part I, pp. 457.)
General Fremont, with the troops of Blenker's division, crossed
the South Branch at Petersburg on the 12th and reached Frankhn
on the 14th. The Fifty-Fifth now experienced a serious shortage
of suppHes; provisions and forage were scarce, and both men and
beasts suffered great inconvenience.
The enemy for a day or two pressed our lines about Franklin,
but soon retired; Jackson was next heard from in the Shenandoah
valley. With his wonted energy, he crossed Shenandoah Mountain
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,{31 o
i862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 29
on the 14th, and at Lebanon Springs gave his troops a short rest.
Moving again May 17, he joined Ewell on May 25, and with the
combined force attacked Banks at Front Royal, capturing 700
prisoners, a battery of ten-pounder Parrotts, and a large quantity
of commissary stores. Pursuing vigorously, Banks's division was
forced from Middletown through Winchester, and finally across the
Potomac at Williamsport.
A memorable experience of Schenck's brigade was its acquaint-
ance with General John C. Fremont and his mihtary family. The
fame of this distinguished general had reached even to the Western
Reserve of Ohio, and his exploits as the Pathfinder of the Great
West had led our volunteers to look for a typical American soldier.
Our surprise may be imagined when we found the General-in-Chief
haughty and reserved, with a privacy secured by a retinue of aides-
de-camp dazzUng in gold lace, and, unfortunately, but few of them
at all intimate with the American tongue. A report on file in the
War Records, by Colonel Albert, Chief of Staff, shows ninety-two
ofl&cers credited to General Fremont's headquarters, of whom fifty-
two were attached to his personal establishment. A number of
these were foreign soldiers who had satisfactory records in the pro-
fession of arms; but there were also many "soldiers of fortune,"
greedy of personal gain, and vain to a degree. The Blenker com-
mand, composed of the foreign-born, looked upon this display, so
out of place in the wilds of Virginia, with equanimity, if not with
approval; but the Western men, unused to trappings of state, were
first amused, then angered by the airs of superiority and authority
assumed by the gilded servants of the General, albeit their plumes
were by this time somewhat soiled and their gold lace was torn and
rusty. Their disgust at the situation took a humorous form. Many
of these staff officers rode their horses with the EngUsh rising seat,
as it is sometimes called. To them, it was remarked, the sentinels
and guards paid special honor, always saluting in due form, but
also always with some ejaculation, which at last aroused curiosity.
One of these gentlemen complained, investigation followed, and it
was learned that some wag, amused at the "rising seat movement"
of the aides, had accompanied his salute with the apologetic exclama-
tion, " Don't rise for me, sir," which pleased all hands so much that
30 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
it became the custom, much to the disgust of the aides, who failed
to see anything funny in it.
General Fremont was advised May 24 of Jackson's march against
Banks, and was directed to move against him at Harrisonburg. He
moved from Franklin May 25, directing his march via Petersburg,
which he reached May 26 (where tents and extra baggage were
stored), and Moorefield May 29. The forced movement over the
execrable roads was very trying to the half-starved troops, who had
been on short rations; the Blenker command, too, made marching
difl&cult by interfering with the orderly arrangement of trains.
On the 15th of May, before moving from Franklin, Schenck's
brigade had been reorganized, and now consisted of the Thirty-
second, Fifty-Fifth, Seventy-third, Seventy-fifth, and Eighty-second
Ohio regiments of infantry, DeBeck's and Rigby's batteries, and one
battaUon of Connecticut cavalry. On the 30th of May the command
crossed Branch Mountain, ten miles east of Moorefield, toiling over
muddy roads in drenching storms. On the ist of June, near Stras-
biurg, Jackson's column was struck, but too late to cut off his retreat;
and on June 2 the pursuit began, reaching Woodstock the same
night. Mount Jackson was passed June 5, Harrisonburg June 6,
and at Cross Keys, on June 7, the enemy was discovered ready to
dispute further advance.
In this battle, which took place the 8th of June, the Ohio brigade
occupied the right, being posted as a reserve to General Milroy. In
General Schenck's report of this battle he states that the enemy
stretched his Hnes beyond our right flank, which compelled him to
follow the example, and he had reached a commanding position
upon the enemy's left and proposed to push an attack which promised
well, but Stahel's brigade on the left of our line was compelled to
retire, and Schenck's brigade was withdrawn to concentrate toward
the weaker portion of the hne; as a consequence, the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio reported no casualties. The losses in the battle of Cross Keys
were. Union 635, Confederate 287.
Jackson crossed the Shenandoah by a bridge which should have
been destroyed by Shield's command, and on the 9th of June fought
the battle of Port RepubUc, in which his command largely outnum-
bered the Union force, and was successful. He was at once directed
i862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 3 1
to join General Lee's army in front of Richmond, and, leaving his
feebler regiments to guard the passes of the Bull Run Mountains,
joined the forces of General Lee with all speed. With his force of
20,000 men he had, by energy and celerity, paralyzed a force
of three times that number, and illustrated vividly the error in-
herent in a divided command.
The enemy now were beyond pursuit, and General Fremont
marched his command to Harrisonburg in torrents of rain and over
roads almost impassable. Here the command rested a day or two,
but on the 12th retired to Mount Jackson, and on June 24 reached
Middletown, where a junction was made with the commands of
Generals Banks and Sigel.
The tents and baggage left at Petersburg on May 27 now reached
the command, and for the first time in two months the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio had a comfortable camp and sufficient food.
The necessity of reorganization was apparent, and on June 26
the Army of Virginia was organized under General John Pope.
The organization into corps, as proposed, did not please General
Fremont; he asked to be reheved, and with his numerous staff dis-
appeared from the scene.
From a Letter Written by Henry C. Henney, at Franklin, W. Va.,
May 14, 1862
From April 23 to May 5, 1862, Company A, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, was engaged in constructing a telegraph hne from Moorefield to
Franklin, a distance of about forty miles. The wire was fastened to trees
whenever practicable, otherwise poles were cut and set in the ground where
needed, and the hne fastened thereon. In this way about four miles of wire
was strung a day. A strong picket line encircled the camp at night, and con-
stant telegraphic communication was kept up with the rest of the army at
Romney and New Creek. As we neared Franklin we were twenty miles dis-
tant from the rest of our regiment and brigade, but there was a cavalry patrol
back and forth on the road every day.
A sparse population dwelt in the valley of the South Fork of the Potomac,
and pretended to be loyal to the United States. We used to buy ham, eggs,
and butter from them, and pay for same with silver coins, which were still
current in the Union hnes, but which had ceased to circulate in the South.
The people were glad to get something more substantial than Confederate scrip.
32 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
The rest of the regiment and brigade came up the valley after us, and on May 5
we were all together once more, and went into camp just north of Franklin.
On Tuesday morning, May 6, a forage train belonging to General Milroy's
brigade was attacked by bushwhackers on the South Fork about eight miles
distant and nearly captured. General Schenck sent a squad of cavalry around
the mountain and a detachment of volunteers under Lieutenant-Colonel SalTord
over the mountains to try and capture the bushwhackers. The soldiers on this
detail were selected from Company A, and left Frankhn about 4 o'clock P. M.,
on May 6. In crossing the rapid stream on a foot-log six or eight of the boys got
dizzy and tumbled into the water, but no lives were lost. One or two gims,
however, were drowned in the stream, and were accounted for on the accoutre-
ment rolls as "Lost in action."
After climbing up the rough, rocky, mountain road for about three miles
we neared the summit, where we saw some men in an open space, and we de-
ployed in a line at the foot of a hill and commenced ascending. When near
the top a man was seen scampering down a ravine with a cartridge-box on.
He was ordered to halt, but he failed to do so, and several shots were fired
after him, with no other effect than to make him run all the faster. We searched
the entire settlement that evening, and found nothing that could be called con-
traband of war save some saddles which were hid under some brush. We also
found and coniiscated some maple sugar, which the inhabitants had made
from the maple-trees that grew on the mountains. Company A quartered in
a dooryard that night, and it was necessary to burn a good deal of wood in
the open air and sleep close by the fire to keep warm. I went out with four or
five others and slept in a hay-mow, and slept sounder than I have any time
since I have been in the army. The next morning we scoured the neighbor-
hood, but got no trace of the bushwhackers. We succeeded, however, in getting
a good warm breakfast of corn bread, coffee, ham, and eggs from the natives,
who furnished everything but the coffee, which we supplied from our haver-
sacks.
We returned to Franklin about dark, and then learned that General Schenck's
whole brigade had left about noon for Monterey, having received word that
General Milroy's brigade at McDowell was in immediate danger of attack
and overthrow by a much larger Rebel force under Generals Jackson and
Johnson. We quartered in a house in town that night, and early next morning
started for Monterey, distant twenty-four miles, where we arrived a httle after
sundown, and quartered in the court-house, intending to get up early enough
to reach McDowell, eight miles distant, by dayUght. This march from
Franklin to Monterey, twenty-four miles, was a very severe one.
During the night a messenger came to us at Monterey with the news that
our boys had been pretty severely whipped the evening before at McDowell,
and were retreating towards Frankhn, and that we should fall in \vith the rear
train at eight o'clock in the morning. We then quietly \vithdrew from the place,
and at the stated time fell in with the retreating forces. I haven't heard how
Samuel Henney
Company A
Died June 7, 1864, of Wounds Rei:ki\
IN Battle of Resaca. Ga.
Hknky C. Hexxey
Company A
i862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 33
many were killed and wounded on our side, as the report has not been made
out to my knowledge. I saw wagon-loads of wounded, and am satisfied that
the Rebels beat us this time. It was an infantry fight altogether, as the artil-
lery did not open on either side; for the belligerents were so close that neither
party dared use shells or cannon-shot, as such use would have endangered
their own soldiers. Samuel saw the fight from a hill where our regiment was
stationed to support a battery. What he saw and experienced he may write
himself.
We retreated to this place (Frankhn) in good order, though the enemy in
strong force was close on our heels, and his cavalry succeeded in capturing some
prisoners from our rear guard. Last Sunday was the most eventful day, and
we were called out long before day by the "Long Roll Call." Our pickets
were attacked, and there was shooting around camp, and the Coipnel ordered the
drummer to beat a quick continuous roll on the drum, which brought us
out of our tents in a hurry. We returned to camp after a while, but were kept
close in hand, and about nine o'clock it seemed as if we would surely have to
set to with the Johnnies. We were formed in battle-hne across the narrow valley
about a mile south of the outskirts of Frankhn, but a few successful manoeuvres
by General Schenck made the enemy so cautious that we got our forces all in
advantageous position before they discerned what we were at. The Fifty-Fifth
supported the battery, which sent a number of shells in the direction of the
Rebels. Colonel Lee rode along our line and announced to us the victory of
the "Monitor" over the "Merrimac" on the James River, and had us give three
cheers over that and for the "6o-round boys," so as to make us feel better, and
to discourage the Rebels. (The "6o-round boys" was the name he called us
by, from the fact that we carried enough ammunition in our pockets to make up
that number of shots, which we were expected to fire at the enemy in the im-
pending battle.) We gave the cheers in our best style.
Our position was such that the enemy could not flank us, and where we
could command the approaches from the south (the Rebel side), for over a mile.
General Schenck had some haystacks and fences fired so as to conceal our
movements from the enemy. The Rebels replied to our artillery with a few
harmless shots from their batteries, which hurt nobody. When our arrange-
ments were completed, the General ordered us to retreat through the pass
double quick into Franklin for a bait to lure the Rebels on. They followed in
good style, and when within range of our guns a volley was discharged at them,
which evidently satisfied their curiosity, for they kept at a respectful distance
the rest of the day. There was some skirmishing, however, all day, in which
our brigade lost three killed and several wounded. The enemy tried every
possible way to reach our flanks. We remained in line of battle that night,
sleeping on our arms, expecting an attack; but morning found the enemy just
as cautious as ever. Monday there was slight .skirmishing until in the after-
noon it became evident that the Rebels were retreating. Thus ends this affair.
Why and with what results we have had all this forced marching, fighting.
34 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
and retreating I don't know. Perhaps if the papers noticed it you may under-
stand it better than we do who are the principal actors in the scene.
I saw General Fremont yesterday. He was accompanied by his staff. He
is a wiry, active-looking man, but is quite small in size. General Schenck
would make two like him in weight.
Two large reinforcements came in yesterday, and I think there are 15,000
troops concentrated here. We may make a forward movement before you get
this. General Blenker's brigade is here.
There has been fire in the mountains for several days, and it is so smoky
that we can hardly bear it. This is a very mountainous country, and the people
are very ignorant, and most of them are Secesh. The band has just struck up
"Do They Miss Me at Home?" Well, if they do, then why don't they write?
But I must stop, not because my news is exhausted, but I am cold and tired,
having been out in the rain part of the day, and vvrriting letters the rest of the time.
Please remember us to our friends, and believe us faithful to our country
every time. From your brother,
Henry Henney.
CHAPTER HI
MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY FROM FEBRUARY 9 TO JUNE 4
By Rev. W. A. Keesey
ABOUT the 9th of February, 1862, the regiment left Romney and
started for New Creek, now called Keyser. It had come from
this place on a forced march to Romney and left its camp equipment
and non-combatants at New Creek, and was now anxious to reach
the camp, as the weather was very cold and disagreeable. It there-
fore took a shorter but more difficult route back to New Creek.
At 3 o'clock p. M. it reached the summit of the hill and was
halted for dinner. Some beeves were hastily cooked and parcelled
out to the men. I do not know that I ever relished a morsel more
in my life than I did one of the kidneys, which fell to me in
parcelling out those cooked beeves.
After this hastily improvised dinner was dispatched Colonel Lee
called the men into line and asked the regiment which they pre-
ferred— to go on the remaining twelve miles into camp at New
Creek, or to attempt to camp there for the night on the bleak hills.
This was the only time I ever knew Colonel Lee to leave the regi-
ment to decide such questions. Remember, reader, these men were
footsore and weary from the previous march, and the scorching winds
and icy sleet were cutting through their clothing as through a sieve.
Nearly all the men voted to go on to camp. I think many would
have perished had we tarried for the night on the barren hills. On
our way down and into the valley a stream crossed the road in such
a zigzag manner as to compel us to wade or ford it twenty-one
times. At midnight the head of the column reached camp at New
Creek. But the. Une was wonderfully elongated. Some of the
weaker men were yet four miles in the rear. Captain Boos's cornet
35
36 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
band was brought out of camp and struck up in lively fashion,
"Away down south in the land of cotton,
Cinnamon seed and sandy bottom, •
Look away, look away — "
It is astonishing how this music put new life into the soldiers. Men
all played out now hurried on into camp with elastic step.
On the nth of February, 1862, the Fifty-Fifth, in company with
another regiment (the Seventy-third Ohio), two brass guns, a few
cavalrymen, and some wagons, left camp at New Creek and
marched southward. The weather was clear but crisp, and the
command awoke after a night's rest greatly refreshed. But it also
ought to be remembered that there always are guards, — picket and
camp guards when in camp, and when on the march there usually
are advance and rear guards. These, to some extent, are not en-
abled to get the benefit of an undisturbed rest, but must faithfully
attend to their respective duties at any expense, and trust to future
opportunities when off duty to make up for the rest they have lost.
On the 12th this little army took up the line of march, and as
Colonel Lee, on leaving camp at New Creek, had told his men to
watch and pray and keep their powder dry, no questions were asked.
This day the line of march was continued into the following night.
Possibly about midnight the Potomac River was reached about three
miles north of Moorefield. The ferry, which was the only means of
crossing the river here, had been destroyed or hid, the enemy no
doubt having learned of the approach of the Union forces. We
now learned that this movement of the command was with the object
of crossing the river here and in the morning falling upon and rout-
ing or destroying a Rebel force occupying Moorefield. While the
officers were consulting what to do, some of the men, experts at the
business, had whittled some of the fence-rails into kindling and
started a fire. The blaze had hardly attained the size of a mule's
ear when, — bang-bang-bang-zip-zip-bang-zip-bang! — the enemies'
pickets were blazing away at us, while the Colonel's angry order
clearly rang out, "Extinguish that fire!"
This was the first time the Fifty-Fifth was under fire. All had
been breathless silence until that flickering blaze invited the vigilant
enemy's fire. The pickets were on the opposite side of the river,
Rev. William A. Kfi:?e^
Company I
Ira C. Terry
Captain, Company I. Brevet
Colonel, March 13, 1865
i862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 37
evidently, but the darkness prevented our knowing their presence,
and the silent approach of our troops was only revealed to the enemy
by the reckless, hasty kindling of that fire. With what a pecuHar
feeling then did we realize for the first time that we were under the
enemy's fire! We did not know but that ten thousand well-armed
troops were ready to pour volley upon volley into us. Breathlessly
we awaited some signal or order for action, and we were hastily but
silently marched away in. the darkness. I do not remember ever
doing more difl&cult marching than that of this dark night, or rather
morning. The road was rough and covered with sleet, making it
almost impossible to stand.
Just at the break of day on the 13 th of February we came to the
river on the west side of town. We had made a detour and had
struck the river at another point, but the enemy was there to obstruct
our way. A lively skirmish ensued, in which our cannon were un-
limbered and brought into action. The enemy had a very formidable
line beyond and overlooking the town from the towering hills. The
first shot aimed at this line did not quite reach it, but tore up the
ground some distance in its front. A great cheer went up from the
Rebels, as they supposed they could not be reached by our guns,
which had not yet crossed the river. But the next shot went tearing
through their line and took a file of men with it, while another went
screeching through the court-house and made it interesting for the
darkies, who were very glad "de Yankees had come." Our wagons
were run into the river and bridged over, and the men crossed on
them. The enemy retreated; we went into the town and took
thirty-two prisoners, two hundred and forty head of cattle, and a load
of bacon. The bacon was returned, I do not know why. The
river was recrossed and our return march began for New Creek,
which was reached in due time.
On coming to this place the first time the Fifty-Fifth relieved
some other command, which had previously camped here. Al-
though not occupying this old camp, some of the boys had the good
fortune to find on the old camp ground a five-dollar gold piece, a
pocket-knife, and other trinkets. This gave them a Klondike craze
for rich finds, and all the old bunks were stirred up. This proved
very disastrous, for the former command, who had occupied these
38 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
bunks, had there had the measles. On the i8th of February the regi-
ment came again to Grafton. Everything got soaking wet. It
rained constantly during the time of going into camp. The ground
upon which the tents were pitched was soaked; in a few days two
liundred of the men were down with the measles and in two weeks
nineteen of these had died. The field hospital was filled to over-
flowing, and some were lying in the mess tents, while officers were
provided with shelter in some of the dwellings.
In this camp at Grafton the regiment received its first pay from
the government. Here, at its first encampment, it had had its in-
troduction to the immortal "hardtack." And here, on its return, it
was introduced to the important "greenback." I shall not attempt
to say when it had its first engagement with the omnipresent "gray-
back."
On the 31st of March the Fifty-Fifth boarded the Baltimore and
Ohio train and supposed it was destii.ed to Cumberland, Maryland.
While the train conveying it was making twenty or twenty-five
miles an hour around a curve in the side of a mountain a few miles
west of Piedmont, Virginia, the brake-beam on the hind truck of the
tender dropped down and derailed that particular pair of trucks.
These trucks, as they bounded over the lies, soon refused to run with
the speed of the train, and were left behind. In this movement they
derailed the car following, while this in turn threw the next car off
the track, and in the mean time the hind end of the tender had dropped
down on the track. This general mix-up, of course, brought the
train to a very sudden standstill ; but fortunately no one was seriously
hurt. A new engine was brought up, the wreckage cleared away,
and the regiment was taken on to Green Springs, where on the ist of
April it went into camp. On the 3d of April it marched on to Spring-
field. Here the river was spanned by a wire suspension bridge.
On the 6th of April the regiment marched on to Romney and went
into winter quarters, for, although late in the spring, there was severe
winter weather. Here, by some means, the officers got a clue to an
intended feigned or real attack by a Rebel force lying at Winchester.
This necessitated extra picket service. Fourteen men were sent four
miles out on the Winchester road to do picket duty. It was a fear-
ful, stormy night, and no attack was made. Colonel J. C. Lee of the
i862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 39
Fifty-Fifth was in charge at Romney. There was a battery of
artillery, and possibly some other troops in his command at the
time, but there was comparatively little to do but guard duty,
the inclement weather preventing even the usual drilling of the men.
On April 15, 1862, the regiment left Romney. The first thing to
do was to cross the Potomac River. It will be remembered that the
enemy had burned the bridge here on our first visit in February. A
ferry, therefore, had to be hastily constructed upon which to
cross the river. This was an awkward concern, capable of trans-
porting about two hundred men at a trip. There were pulleys upon
either end, through which a large rope ran, and this was made fast
to a tree on either side of the river. The water here was very deep and
had a powerful current. The men by pulling upon the rope could
convey themselves across, but it was a dangerous operation, as when
the upper or current side was loaded rather heavily the boat would
dip, and was likely to slide the men off into the water. It is said that
in one instance sixteen men were drowned by this sort of mishap.
From the river the Une of march was taken up for Moorefield.
This place was reached on the 17th, and here Camp Lee was estab-
lished. At this place in February some slaves concluded to go v^dth
the regiment ; they all cherished the idea that the Yankees had come
to deliver them from slavery. Some of the more daring ones con-
cluded to have their liberty as soon as possible, so they were taken as
cooks, some for the officers, and some as company cooks. On the
regiment's return to Moorefield these colored boys sauntered on be-
fore the column to meet their kinsfolk, who had come out of town on
learning of the return of the Yankees, and were sitting like ravens on
the fences. When the returning ones greeted these friends and told
them of their exploits "wid de Yankees," their ejaculations and ex-
clamations of joy knew no bounds. Their hearty " Yah-yah-yah !
Hiee-hiee! Ha-ha-ha!" with tears of joy, was not only amusing
but touching, and many an old soldier was brought to appreciate
more fully what slavery was, and what liberty is. The colored peo-
ple wanted these boys to return with them, but they preferred to re-
main "wid de Yanks." Some of their masters or masters' friends
afterwards came into camp and wanted the officers to return their
slaves. This frightened these colored boys very much, giving them
4© TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
an ominous foreboding of what might be in store for them in case
they were returned to their former cruel masters. But the officers
of the Fifty-Fifth gave all to understand that we were now in Dixie
for other purposes than to catch and return the bondman.
At Moorefield the men by hundreds went bathing in the
Potomac. One man, whose name I cannot give, from near Republic,
Ohio, while trying to swim across the river, was drowned.* While in
Camp Lee we had to guard and protect the person and property of
an old planter by the name of McNeal. Our boys could take the
rough side of the weather while doing guard service for him, and all
the while McNeal could eat at his table, sleep in his bed, and work
his slaves on his plantation unmolested, even protected, by our men.
But we shall have occasion to give him notice further on. Here at
Moorefield the Fifty-Fifth was made a part of the brigade in com-
mand of General Robert C. Schenck. This brigade was composed
of the Fifty-Fifth and Eighty-second Ohio, the Fifth West Virginia,
DeBeck's Ohio Battery K, and a battalion of Connecticut cavalry.
The mountain department was now commanded by General John
C. Fremont, who had relieved General Rosecrans.
About the 29th of April we left Moorefield, and our march took
us to Petersburg. Of all the rocky scenery, this march capped the
climax. For miles upon miles along the Potomac the rock work,
piled up and hewn down by the hand of the Almighty, vdth here and
there a beautiful grotto in the towering walls, cast up against the
sky — oh, what scenery! At Petersburg we estabUshed Camp Zeig-
ler. Here General Schenck was in command.
On the 3d of May, 1862, a forward movement was ordered, and
the first thing to do was to cross the river. Here at Petersburg the
rocky bed spreads out in such a way as to form a ford. Of course,
in order to give this shallow water the swift-running Potomac has
to be widened out considerably and have a very rapid current. It
is about a half-mile in width at the ford. The teams were taking
the men across, and probably two regiments or more were safely
over, when a battery of artillery was crossing. They got into deep
water, and in less than half an hour two men and eight horses were
drowned. The writer of this narrative, who was crossing with an
* George W. Minus. Company 'E.— Editor.
T^^REDERICK A. WiLDMAN
Captaix Company D
Horace Robinson
Captain, Company G
Died of Wounds Received in Battle of
Chancellorsville, Va.. May io, 1863.
i862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 41
ambulance loaded with two women, two soldiers, some camp ket-
tles, and other traps, was among those who got into deep water;
after floundering and losing a wheel off his ambulance, he barely
escaped without loss of life.
Colonel Lee came up at this juncture — he had been on a court-
martial at Winchester — and on seeing the drowning men and horses,
said, "Not another man of my command shall cross there."
"Do you intend to disobey orders. Colonel?" said General
Schenck.
"Not when they are according to the regulations of war," said
Lee.
"Show me the regulations," said Schenck.
Whereupon Colonel Lee took from his portmanteau the regula-
tions and read that, " you cannot force man nor beast through stand-
ing water" — I think it read — " more than three feet and ten inches
deep." This, however, was much deeper, and had a current against
which a horse could scarcely stand.
"Take your men, Colonel, and go into camp up there on the
hill," said the General. Some men were put to work constructing
rafts, and by the next morning the rest of the men were ferried
across.
The command then marched to Franklin, West Virginia, which
was reached on the 6th of May. Here rations were very scarce.
The feed was stolen from the teams by the hungry men. On the
8th the march was resumed, and at 10 p. m. we went into camp.
Here the teams were left under guard, and the command was rushed
on to McDowell, where Stonewall Jackson had Milroy cooped up,
the swift march being made to relieve him. There was a sharp en-
gagement, but the Fifty-Fifth Regiment suffered no serious casualty.
On the nth of May the head of the column was turned back to-
ward Franklin, which was reached on the 12th. On going into camp
near Frankhn Lieutenant Patrick of Company I, with a number of
men, was sent back on the pike to estabHsh a picket post. They
were driven in by the enemy, with a loss of two of their number, who
were taken prisoners and sent to Libby prison. On the 13th of May
General Fremont came to Franklin with twelve thousand men. This
army left Frankhn on the 25th of ]\ ay; so the Fifty-Fifth became
42 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
connected with a very formidable army. Petersburg was reached
on the 26th, and at twelve o'clock the 27th of May the march was
taken up for Moorefield, which was reached in the night. On the
28th we forded the Potomac River. A rope was fastened across the
river, and the men waded over in single file. This was a tedious
and dangerous task, on account of the depth of the water and force
of the current. The army was next rushed on to Pine Summit.
On leaving Moorefield we passed the McNeal plantation again.
But how changed was the policy of war now ! Before when here we
had to guard and protect this man and his estate. This time the
boys were turned loose, with the result that a cyclone seemed to have
been at work. Cellar, larder, and garret disgorged and paid tribute
to the boys in blue. And what a sight! As this marching column
moved on they strung the contents of that rich plantation for ten
miles along the route. Hogsheads of molasses, barrels of sugar,
casks of preserves, caddies of tea, cofifee, spices, fruits, with
loads of bacon, flour, and produce from the garden, all were
melting away as if by magic, while everywhere could be seen men
with all manner of vessels conveying away what they could take as
their share of the spoils. Some had jars, pitchers, pails, vessels of
every known and some unknown descriptions, filled with anything
coming to hand — a wash-dish filled with honey, a slop-pail dripping
with molasses, a scoopshovel carrying pickles, a dipper with flour,
a cuspidor filled with peanuts. One fellow had tied up some onions
in the misses' underwear, while another one was carrying stockings
filled with sugar. We were four miles from the McNeal plantation,
and here was a fellow with a pail two-thirds full of what to me looked
like preserved cranberries. "Pard, for heaven's sake divide," said
I. He replied: "Just help yourself." I did. I took a whole tin
cupful, he was so good-natured about it. And everybody was good-
natured then. Why should they not have been ? Meanwhile we
were hurried on to Pine Summit.
On the 31st of May, a terribly hot day, we were put on a forced
march to Strasburg. The troops in front of the Fifty-Fifth led off
at a fearful rate. Of course, we were bound to keep up. Soon it
was raining. Again the sun came out and everything was steaming.
Lo, they are double-quicking, and flap, flap, flap, sound the cartridge
1 862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 43
boxes on the men's hips — like loose heavy harness on horses when
trotting — as they run to keep up with those ahead of them. At
times the Colonel would ride along the Une and in turn scold and
beg, saying, "Men, we must hold our position; do hurry up."
We are doing our very level best. Some are throwing away their
overcoats and blankets as the sharp orders of the officers along the
line ring out, "Hurry up, there. Move on rapidly."
And now the roar of the not distant cannon explains this haste
and confusion, while here come aides galloping along, crying out the
orders, " Hurry up there, Fifty-Fifth. Turn to the right down there.
Colonel, and form on the left of the command just in front of you."
Our position is soon found in a rye-field, through which the line
is formed, and we are supporting a battery which has already begun
its terrible work of death and destruction. Oh, how terrific! How
the guns do roar!
A terrific storm had been gathering in the skies ; the black clouds
were streaked mth forked lightning. But httle heed was paid to
the muttering batteries of heaven; for General Fremont had found
General Jackson, and dire punishment must follow the latter's
audacity in coming down into this valley and doing up General
Banks's little force, as Jackson had done a short time before. The
lines are closing up. Battery after battery is brought into action.
The indications are that with Fremont and twenty thousand men,
and Jackson with perhaps twenty-five or thirty thousand, a general
decisive engagement will be brought on; and as the day is too far
spent the very bloody work will be left for the morrow. But this is
no trifling introduction to battle. We see our guns cutting great
gaps through the enemy's lines. The gunners are doing their best.
But now the batteries of heaven are vying with the batteries of
earth. The storm bursts upon us in all its fury. Hail, vapor,
fire, and smoke. Oh, how terrible! You could scarcely distin-
guish between the crash of roaring cannon, bursting shell, lightning
flash, and thunderbolt. The pelting hail and pouring rain compel
the gunners to let up a little. Men all heated with a twelve-mile
run under a scorching sun in a temperature up in the nineties, un-
der the strain of a terrible battle, taking this sudden coohng bath in
a deluge of hail and water, surely have their physical powers well
44 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
tested, A kind Providence seems to interpose, for night is coming
on, and the roar of battle is dying away with the receding storm.
We must now sleep on our arms in this rye-field. In that latitude
and season of the year rye is about in blossom. But the thousands
of men and teams, with the pouring rain, have churned the rye and
soil into a mortar about eight inches deep; and this is to be our bed
for the night, with the probability of a terrible renewal of the battle
on the morrow.
During the storm and night, however, the enemy improved his
chance and sUpped away. The next day, June i, Jackson being
routed and fleeing up the Shenandoah valley, we set out after him.
This is known as Fremont's raid up the Shenandoah valley. The
forced march, the battle, and the night in the mud were not designed
to fit men for capturing a wily foe in a military race on muddy roads
under a scorching June sun. But these difficulties were as trying on
the enemy as on us.
This beautiful luxurious valley, subjected to frequent raids, gave
evidence of the terror in the track of war. June 2 and 3 were put
in as the first heavy marching. At Mount Jackson the bridge was
burned. This place was left behind on the 4th. At Newmarket
we were close on to the enemy. At Harrisonburg the advance guard
had a skirinish in which the Rebel General, Ashby, was killed. On
the 5th, 6th, and 7th we put in some hard marching in rain and hail
showers, or under June sun, as the weather changed. On the 8th
we were nearihg Cross Keys when "the cannons' opening roar" pro-
claimed the kind of work on hand for us to do. Although we had
marched at a very rapid rate on this entire raid, the usual hurry pre-
ceding a battle ensued.
We are nearing the roaring guns. Colonel Lee comes along
the line and says, "Now, boys, if we hold our position, we shall
have the enemy foul. Shields and McDowell are obstructing his
front and we can press him." Already the rattUng musketry and
the booming cannon add interest to the excitement of battle. We are
rushed up in close reserve. Yonder in the woods the roar of battle
indicates that a heavy engagement is on.
The Fifty-Fifth is taken across an open field where some solid
cannon-shot come very unpleasantly near. Colonel Lee cries out
PirKeyO
4-y
5?.=.,
^
„,'""""''',
,('^
_--' STflHEt'S Bri
J. Wf
r^
'''//lll'''' '''///'ll>''
.Grou'^***-
V
N ^ ^
TR/MJLE
> Van Lear
V:
^ ^ J^ J
GR055 KEVJ
UNION
eONFEDERATE
i862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 45
the order clear, "Lie down!" Here we waited, expecting to be
called into action. But after some delay we were moved to the rear
of twenty-four guns which had not yet been brought into action.
They were unlimbered and ready for execution. As night was near
at hand, and the terrific roar of battle was slacking, the indications
were that the Fifty-Fifth would not be called into action until morn-
ing. A six-horse team, with driver in the saddle, hitched to a wagon
loaded with ammunition for the artillery, was standing near by, and
an officer mounted on a fine horse was awaiting the signal to direct
the team to any part of the line where it might be needed, when, in
the very lull of battle, as the shades of night were beginning to fall, a
Rebel battery on a distant hill got an ahgnment on that team and
opened a murderous fire on it. The first shot took the officer's
horse in the hip. Of course the horse went down. What became
of the officer I do not know, nor do I think the driver knew, by the
way that load of ammunition was jerked out of danger. In a moment
the heavens were aglare and the hills trembled in the rage of battle,
as the twenty-four guns belched forth defiantly their missiles of death.
That inviting challenge had been promptly and effectively answered.
The Rebel battery was completely silenced, and again the lull of
battle followed. We slept on our arms, ready for any emergency, but
our night slumbers were much disturbed by thoughts of the wounded
and dying and dead around us, and in wondering who of our num-
ber would be added to them on the morrow.
At break of day on the gth Colonel Lee, from the saddle in front
of the line, said, "Now, boys, we have the hardest work to do
to-day, for we are on the centre and we must do our part well. For-
ward, march!"
The hne moved out onto the ground where the previous day's
conflict had raged, expecting every moment to meet the enemy in
force. It came to an old frame church. This had been turned into
a hospital and was filled with the wounded of the battle of the day
before. Just behind this structure, at an open window, lay a great
pile of arms and legs which the surgeon's knife and saw had helped
the shot and shell to take off. Many of the men, undergoing the
torturous pain necessarily accompanying such operations, were
without bread. The Colonel asked the boys to share their hardtack
46 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
with these wounded men, and they hustled out their crackers
at once.
As the line advanced, all of a sudden a huge black smoke ascended,
as if issuing from a great smokestack about a half-mile in front.
Some horsemen were instantly rushed ahead, and soon returned
with the information that the enemy had crossed the river and fired
the bridge.
Our line was now advanced to the river; the bridge was falling
to pieces in the flame. Port Republic, about a mile or a mile and a
half away, could easily be seen ; and on its streets we could see some
army wagons and a few troops hustling away " right smart." As
Shields's and McDowell's troops were supposed to be across the river,
it was not certain whether these were some of their men or whether
they belonged to the enemy. General Schenck ordered our color-
bearer to dip the flag. Receiving no response, he ordered the artil-
lery to give them a few shots. He also sent a courier to General
Fremont or the division general that the enemy were across the river
and the bridge was burned.
Thus ended the battle of Cross Keys. Five hundred and fifty-
nine of the enemy were killed. The wounded are not given, and
our loss is unknown.
CHAPTER IV
THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862, UNDER GENERALS
POPE AND SIGEL
DURING the month of June, 1862, while the Union Army under
McClellan was fighting about Richmond, the armies of Mc-
Dowell, Banks, and Fremont had been, with varying fortunes, fighting
;he Confederate General Jackson in Western Virginia and in the Valley.
Following the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic General
fackson had slipped away to join the army of General Lee, leaving
)nly a rear guard of his feebler troops to occupy the southern passes
)f the Blue Ridge. The Union Armies located on the eastern slope
)f the Blue Ridge were recovering from the losses and waste of their
exhausting campaigns. President Lincoln, recognizing at last the
;vil effects of attempting to direct campaigns from the capital, on
fune 26 called from the West Major-General Pope, giving him com-
nand of the three corps now organized into one army, called the
\rmy of Virginia. The army of Fremont became the First Corps,
;hat of Banks the Second, and that of McDowell the Third, the total
"orce aggregating about 45,000 men of all arms. The success-
ful campaigns of the armies in the West had impressed the mind
3f the President, so he chose General Pope to lead the army
.oUected for the defense of Washington, and on July 11 assigned
Major-General Halleck to the position of Commander-in-Chief of
he Armies of the United States. On the 14th of July General Pope
iddressed his command in a general order, the tone of which was
offensive, breathing a spirit of braggadocio which did not commend
tself to the hardened troops who had learned by experience the
A'isdom of the Bible about the futility of boasting before the battle,
rhe order, while it offended good taste, hurt no one except its author.
In the general reorganization of the army the Ohio Brigade bc-
::ame the Second Brigade of the First Division, First Corps, Army
3f Virginia. The brigade consisted of the Twenty-fifth, Fifty-Fifth,
47
48 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
Seventy-tliird, and Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry and DeBeck's Bat-
tery K, Ohio Light Artillery. Colonel McLean of the Seventy-
fifth Ohio commanded the brigade, General Schenck the division,
and Major-General Franz Sigel the corps. The effective strength
of the First Corps was 11,500; that of the Second Corps was 8,000;
and of the Third Corps 18,500. The cavalry numbered 5,000, and
the artillery, including the reserve, thirty batteries.
That part of Virginia in which General Pope was to operate lies
between the crests of the Blue Ridge on the west and the Atlantic
seaboard. The principal watercourse is the Rappahannock River
which, rising in the Blue Ridge and flowing to the east, bisects the
principal road between Washington and Richmond, about equidis-
tant from either city. Its principal tributary is the Rapidan, which
skirts the elevated and sterile plateau called the Wilderness. The
railroad from Alexandria to Richmond crosses the Rappahannock
at Fredericksburg and continues by way of Culpeper Court House
and Gordonville. In order to reUeve the pressure of the Confed-
erate Army about Richmond upon the Army of the Potomac, which,
after the terrible struggle diuring the " seven days' fight," was recu-
perating upon the James River, General Pope made his dispositions
to threaten the Confederate left and rear at Gordonsville. He
directed the corps of General Sigel to move on July 7 from Middle-
town via Front Royal to Luray, and thence by way of Thornton's
Gap in the Blue Ridge to Sperryville on the eastern slope of that
range. The division arrived at Sperryville after a march of three
days over good roads and through a country interesting not only for
the beauty of its scenery, but on account of historic associations.
Here, from July 10 to August 8, rest, good food (the ration being
supplemented by an abundance of berries, just ripening, and vege-
tables), and the easy routine of the bivouac brought the command
into the best physical condition. The command of General Banks
(Second Corps) was placed at Hazel River Bridge on the fine be-
tween Sperryville and Culpeper, and a division of McDowell's Third
Corps was pushed on to Culpeper. The available force for field ser-
vice was about 28,000. During this month General Jackson with
a small corps moved up to Gordonsville, but feared to attack
Pope's army, and asked for help. General Lee, on the 5th of
RUDOLPHUS ROBBINS
Major, Fift\ -FiFxr- Ohio Volunteer
Infantry
Kir.LED May u. 1*^64, in B.attlf. of Resaca. Ga.
Daniel F. DeVVolf
Major, Fifty-P'ifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry
1 862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 49
August, learned from Colonel John Mosby, who had just been
exchanged, that Burnside was moving to Aquia Creek from Fort
Monroe, and, rightly divining that this was the prelude to the move-
ment of McClellan's army to northern Virginia, did not hesitate to
reinforce General Jackson; accordingly, on the 7th of August that
officer advanced from Gordonsville to attack Pope at Culpeper, hav-
ing a force of about 30,000 men in three divisions, commanded
by Ewell, Winder, and A. P. Hill. General Pope at once
gave orders to concentrate at Culpeper, and the First Division moved
at 5 P. M., August 8, marching all night. General Sigel had
caused a delay of several hours by a question about the proper road
to take; but at 11 a. m., August 9, the command came within
sight and hearing of a fierce battle which was being waged between
the small corps (7,000 in number) of General Banks and about
double the number of Confederates under Ewell and Winder upon
the slope of Cedar or Slaughter Mountain. This is an elevation
of considerable height, running north and south, and is a prominent
feature of the landscape, about two miles south of Culpeper. In
spite of the disparity of numbers, the corps under Banks inflicted a
severe check upon Jackson's command, and had reason to congrat-
ulate itself on the result, although its losses were severe, being nearly
one- third the number engaged. Jackson felt keenly the loss of
1,283 killed and wounded, and retired to the south bank of the
Rapidan before advising the Confederate authorities of his doubtful
victory. General Pope pushed his pickets forward and confronted
the Rebel Army at all the fords of the Rapidan. The First Corps
took position on Robertson's River, six miles south, where heavy
duty, picketing, and observing the enemy occupied the command
until August 18, when it became certain that the Confederate forces
had been reinforced and were again on the offensive. On the T6th
a cavalry expedition had captured the Adjutant-General of the Rebel
General Stuart, and had secured an autograph note of General Lee
to General Stuart, dated August 13, disclosing his plans for an ad-
vance in force of the Confederate Army with the intention of over-
whelming Pope's army before it could be reinforced by the army
under General McClellan, now withdrawing from the Peninsula.
On the 1 6th of August Halleck advised General Pope to retire' be-
so TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
hind the Rappahannock, where he could be more readily reinforced
and suppHed. Being convinced of the necessity for prompt action,
General Pope began the movement in retreat. On the i8th the First
Corps marched to Culpeper Court House, thence to Sulphur Springs,
and from that point to Rappahannock Station, where sounds of
battle indicated that the corps of Banks and McDowell were resist-
ing the attempt of the enemy to cross the river.
On the 2 2d it became evident that the enemy was in great force
before the river, and the corps marched to Freeman's Ford, where a
severe artillery duel took place, lasting at least two hours. The
Second Brigade, concealed by thick woods, was formed along the
road, and witnessed the exciting duel from a position of safety. At
about 3 p. M., firing having ceased, General Bohlen crossed the
river with his brigade and reconnoitred the enemy's position. Skir-
mishing ensued, in which General Bohlen was killed. His brigade
retired and crossed the river in haste. The pursuing enemy were
received and checked by a volley from the Belgian muskets of the
Twenty-fifth Ohio, whose ancient arms resounded Hke cannon.
On this date General Stuart with 300 Confederate cavalry crossed
the river at Waterloo Bridge, and by evening reached Catlett Station,
where he demoraUzed the railroad and train service, and captured
General Pope's headquarters train, a prize of great value to
General Lee. He quickly retreated, evading with little difficulty
the few hundred train guards and escort.
Early in the morning of the 23d the corps moved up the river
toward Sulphur Springs, which was reached on the 24th. The heavy
rains had flooded the streams, and the enemy's artillery at Sulphur
Springs was a menace. The command, however, was pushed for-
ward, and about 5 p. m. on the 24th reached Waterloo Bridge,
which had been held by Early's command, which had crossed the
stream and had been prevented by the high water from returning.
The energy of General Jackson, however, improvised a bridge, and
Early escaped. During the 24th General Pope was endeavoring to
place his army in fine to resist the menacing enemy. He was
greatly hampered by his trains, which at that period of the wax
were excessive, and the service, both of wagon and railroad trains,
had been almost disorganized by the bold raid of Stuart and by
i862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 51
General Pope's brutal dismissal of Colonel Haupt, who had charge
of the railway serdce. So serious did the evil become that on August
18 Colonel Haupt was reappointed by Secretary Stanton and given
full authority.
Meanwhile, the Confederate Army was massed upon the right
bank of the Rappahannock and, well rested, was preparing to take
the offensive. August 25, at daybreak, General Jackson put in
motion his three divisions of infantry, with Stuart's cavalry in the
lead, and accompanied by the usual artillery. He crossed Hedg-
man's River, principal affluent of the Rappahannock, at Hinson's
Ford, and proceeding in a northeasterly direction reached Orleans
by evening. Colonel J. S. Clark, of the Signal Service, a member of
General Banks's staff, with the usual daring of that corps, had suc-
ceeded, on the 25th, in gaining an elevation from which, at great peril,
he watched the march of Jackson's corps and reported thirty-six
regiments of infantry Mith cavalry and artillery in the Rebel column.
Separated from the Union forces and hidden by the Bull Run ]Moun-
tains, the Rebel column was hurried forward with all the speed it
could endure. Over fields and through paths hardly visible, forcing
its way through woods and over streams, by midnight it reached
Salem, on the Orange and Alexandria Railway, and but a short dis-
tance from Thoroughfare Gap. Early in the morning of the 26th
General Jackson seized this defile, and his columns at once poured
down in the rear of General Pope's army upon the railroad on
which he relied for supplies and reinforcements. At 8 p. m. the
telegraph line between General Pope's headquarters and Washing-
ton became silent, as General Stuart reached Bristoe Station. Gen-
eral Jackson, with the infantry, arrived later in the evening and at
once began his work of destruction. Two Confederate regiments,
the Twenty-first Georgia and the Twenty-first North CaroUna, with
Stuart's cavalry marched on Manassas Junction, seven miles east,
and as day broke on the 27th, captured the post. An immense booty
was the result, and the greatest confusion prevailed among the Union
forces and in Washington. Having no wagons, the Confederates,
after filHng haversacks, appHed the torch, and soon nothing remained
but smoking ruins. General Pope, threatened by Longstreet along
the river front, does not seem to have appreciated the significance of
52 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
Colonel Clark's report, but appears to have had the intention of
crossing the Rappahannock in front of his left flank and attacking
Lee in the rear. He had been assured that General McClellan's
army would reinforce him at once, and appears to have relied on
General Halleck to protect his depots. During the night of the 26th
he learned, however, that Stuart was at Bristoe Station, and that
Jackson had been at Salem the night before. The inference was
obvious, and he at once abandoned the line of the Rappahannock to
concentrate between Manassas and Thoroughfare Gap. The main
road from Alexandria to Warrenton intersects the turnpike and also
the raih-oad from Manassas Junction through Thoroughfare Gap,
at Gainesville, and this was, therefore, the strategic point which it
was necessary to reach in order to intercept the force which Jackson
had so daringly placed in his rear.
In the mean time General McClellan's army had begun to arrive.
Heintzelman's corps, which he had landed at Alexandria on the 22d,
was on the march to overtake General Pope's army, but it was not
until the 24th, late at night, that Warrenton Junction was reached.
The First Corps remained at Waterloo Bridge all day of the 25th,
and it was nearly sunset when General Sigel discovered that his sup-
ports upon either flank had disappeared. He was threatened upon
each side and menaced by a strong force of the enemy in front.
Fortunately an officer from General Pope brought orders in time,
and the corps marched all night over country roads, arriving at War-
renton about daybreak. The 26th was a day of rest for the First
Corps at Warrenton. General Pope had his army well in hand at
Warrenton, Fayetteville, and Warrenton Junction when he learned
of Jackson's presence in his rear. He also knew that the largest
part of the enemy's force was in front of him at Sulphur Springs and
Waterloo Bridge. It became a necessity to march on Gainesville,
meet Jackson, crush him if possible, and regain communication with
Washington. During the 27th it became certain from scouts and
spies that Longstreet's command, composed of five divisions of all
arms, had followed the route taken by Jackson, and that his head of
column was near Salem, and therefore not far from Thoroughfare
Gap. It was imperative that the passage of the Gap should be
prevented and with it the concentration of Lee's army. The First
f# f I
y^
Rev. Alfred Wheeler
Chaplain, Finv-FiFTH Ohio Volunteer
Infantry
Charles F. Boos
Leader of the Band
i862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 53
Corps reached Buckland Mills early in the day and drove the
enemy, who had posted cavalry and artillery at the ford, Milroy's
command taking about 150 prisoners. By night a force of about
25,000 men under McDowell was concentrated at Buckland Mills,
while two divisions of Heintzelman's corps under Kearney and
Reno were at Greenwich in support. General Pope marched with
Hooker's division along the railroad from Bristoe Station toward
Manassas. In the afternoon Ewell's division of Jackson's command
was encountered at Kettle Run. A severe engagement ensued,
each command losing some 300 men killed and wounded. General
Ewell retired and closed up on the retreating column of General
Jackson, who had directed his march upon Centreville. Jackson
continued the march directly to Sudley Springs (Hill's division
moving to Centreville, thence via the Warrenton turnpike), where,
on the 28th, his entire command was united between Sudley Springs
and Groveton behind the unfinished branch of the Manassas Gap
raikoad, thus being effectually screened from hostile observation.
The Fifth Array Corps, under General F. J. Porter, had disem-
barked at Aquia Creek August 22, and proceeded by rail to Falmouth,
whence it marched via Kelly's Ford and reported to General Pope
from Bealton Station, August 25. Orders were given for this corps
to move to Warrenton Junction, which point was reached August 27 ;
at the same time General Pope was advised that the corps of General
FrankUn, 10,000 strong, had disembarked at Alexandria, and that
the division of General J. D. Cox, from West Virginia, had reached
Washington. BeUeving that Jackson was between Manassas and
Centreville, General Pope felt that his converging columns would
interpose between Longstreet at Thoroughfare Gap and Jackson's
force, and that he would be able to crush him before help could come.
It now seems plain that he erred in drawing toward his right. Had
he concentrated toward the Gap, the hiding-place of Jackson's corps
would have been uncovered, and a decisive action would have taken
place before Longstreet could have reached him.
Upon the 28th, therefore, all of General Pope's forces were march-
ing toward Manassas. The First Corps moved from the Warrenton
turnpike southeast and crossed the Manassas Gap railroad. General
McDowell had directed General Sigel to move, having his right
54 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
resting on the railroad; but the order was misunderstood, and the
corps took greater distance to the right than was expected. General
King's division marched on Sigel's left, and General Reynolds's
division on the left of King's, his command being astride of the turn-
pike. General IMcDowell sent General Ricketts's division to the
support of the cavalry to retard or prevent Longstreet from passing
Thoroughfare Gap; but the effort was too late. His division was
attacked on both flanks, and retired, leaving Longstreet free to join
Jackson near Gainesville.
The marching on the 28th was tiresome in the extreme. The
weather was intensely hot, the roads were exceedingly dusty, and the
supply of water for the troops, already worn by the demands of the
campaign, was scanty. The commands had reached a point upon
their march two and a half miles from Manassas when the cavalry
announced that that point had been evacuated. Orders were
received to march on Centreville, and, when near the fords of Bull
Run, clouds of dust from Hill's retreating column gave promise of
speedy action. At last General Pope located the position of General
Jackson's army; attracted by the opportunity of attacking the Union
left as the army marched on Manassas, General Jackson moved
against General Reynolds on the Warrenton pike, and Gibbon's
brigade had a sharp and bloody contest, which ended with the day.
Orders were sent General Sigel to change direction on his left, and
the First Corps went into bivouac on the heights near Groveton,
parallel to the Warrenton pike. The gloom of the summer night
was for an instant lightened by a line of fire, as General King's
division, planted squarely on General Jackson's right, delivered a
final volley.
Early in the morning of the 29th the First Corps prepared for
the work of the day. The First Division had bivouacked on the
Henry House Hill, which was one of three hills running perpendic-
ularly to the Warrenton turnpike. General Sigel pushed the com-
mand forward during the morning, following the turnpike, and
passed Groveton, manoeuvring against the enemy's right flank.
Artillery firing was constant during the day, but few casualties
resulted. The First Division, being the left of the army, made the
farthest advance, marching by 10:30 a. m. about two miles from the
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CONFEDERATE
i862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 55
bivouac of the 28th. At this moment the enemy began to resist our
advance, and endeavored to turn our left flank, and General Schenck
found himself unable to execute his orders to change front to the
right and attack General Jackson's right and rear. But General
Reno now appeared, marching down the turnpike, and reinforced
the right of the division, while General Reynolds, about noon
took position on the left. The aggressive attitude of the enemy was
explained by the arrival of Longstreet's advance, which reached the
turnpike at Gainesville at 10 a. m., thus protecting and relieving
Jackson's right flank. About 2 p. m. General Hooker with his
division, consisting of three brigades of the Third Corps, arrived on
the field, and at once reheved the tired soldiers of Milroy and Schurz,
who had for eight hours borne a heavy burden. Relieved by these
accessions of fresh troops, the First Division retired to the position
occupied during the previous night and bivouacked.
When the morning of Saturday, August 30, dawned, it found the
army of General Jackson strongly posted on the road from Sudley
Springs to Gainesville. General Longstreet's command was posted
on Jackson's right near Gainesville, Hood's Texas brigade being
formed astride the turnpike. All the morning was occupied in recon-
noitring and adjusting positions. The corps of General Porter,
which had, by an unfortunate misunderstanding, been idle up to
this time, now took position in front of the First Corps. The Second
Brigade of Schenck's division was in Hne north of the Warrenton
turnpike near the Dogan House. About noon the Fifty-Fifth Ohio
was posted as a reserve behind the battery on the left of the turnpike,
being directed to act as a vidette and to connect with Reynolds's
division, which was posted on the Bald Hill, lying just west of the
Henry House Hill. About 4 p. m. General Pope made a determined
attack on Jackson's front and right; General Porter's corps charged
with great vigor, but was met by an enfilading fire from eight Con-
federate batteries, which General Longstreet had placed upon a
commanding eminence where his army joined Jackson's, and about
half-past four it fell back in disorder upon Sigel, who had massed
his corps in reserve. Before General Sigel had time to deploy, the
Confederate troops were in motion upon his right. But King's di-
vision came speedily and repelled the assault. On the left of the
S6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
turnpike General Reynolds found himself in serious trouble, being
attacked upon his left. The brigade of General Schenck was sent
to the Bald Hill, where, facing to the west, they resisted the attack
of General Longstreet's troops. In the mean time the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio, retiring by the rear, reached the summit of Bald Hill, and there
formed line, facing north; but perceiving that the attack was coming
from the west, it wheeled by regimental front to the left, and amid
the cheers of the brigade came on the double quick into line. Hood's
Texas brigade, following the turnpike, came forward with tremendous
dash and force, but failed to break the stern front of the Buckeye
troops, and fell back in disorder. General Schenck rode up to the
Une and cheered on the exultant division (receiving just then a bullet
wound in his sword hand which disabled him permanently); but
the Confederate line made good their attack on the left, and soon the
supporting troops on both left and right began to retire from the
storms of shot and shell which enfiladed their ranks. The brigade
fell back over Young's Branch to the Centreville turnpike, where
broken ranks were restored.* In crossing the valley of the stream
Corporal William Bellamy of Company G, a color-bearer, was
struck down by a cannon-ball, which tore the colors into fragments
as well. It was a glorious sight to see upon the left the brigade of
Tower, of Ricketts's division, and the Regular brigade, under
Buchanan, firmly resisting the Confederate assault. Other troops
under Meade and Seymour joined them, and McLean's brigade
soon reported for orders. In checking this ofifensive movement of
Longstreet the Union Army was saved from a great disaster. Had
Longstreet's corps succeeded in its attempt to reach the Warrenton
turnpike at the stone bridge over Bull Run, the Union Army might
have been divided and ruined. The obscurity of the night and the
uncertainty of the fords at Bull Run compelled the Confederate
*John C. Ropes, in his "Army Under Pope": "The struggle for the possession of
the Bald Hill was most obstinate and sanguinary. McLean's brigade of Schenck's divis-
ion was first sent to hold it, and did hold it handsomely, repulsing several attacks both in
front and rear, until the command was reduced to a skeleton In their first violent
attack on this strong position, even the impetuosity of Hood's Texans failed to make any
impression. Hood was compelled to fall back, and all that could be done, says Evans, who
commanded the division, was to hold the enemy with the other brigade until Anderson's
division came up The account which Generals Benning and .Anderson give of their
experience with these two brigades is very interesting. It was evident that the troops who
held the hill held it with obstinate courage, and that they yielded only to assaults of fresh
troops."
r862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 57
commander to suspend operations. Amid pouring rain the Union
troops retired to Centreville for food and much needed rest. The
First Corps covered the retreat, deploying behind the bridge until
the trains had passed. After destroying the bridge it marched in
retreat, reaching Centreville Heights at daybreak of August 31.
The losses of the First Corps attested the severity of this engage-
ment. The command numbered scarcely 12,000 for duty, of whom
2,087 were killed, wounded, and missing. The proportion of killed,
289, is unusually large. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio reported killed, 14;
wounded, 16; missing, 21 — a total of 95 out of 540 in action.
All day August 31 the troops rested. The enemy reconnoitred
the Une with cavalry, but made no attack. General Jackson, how-
ever, had executed one of his characteristic manoeu\Tes by moving
rapidly via the Little River turnpike to turn the Union right, but
ivas checked at Chantilly and Ox Hill by the di^dsions of Hooker,
tCearney, and Reno in a short but sharp engagement, in which
Generals Kearney and Stevens were killed, a loss to the army which
tvas well nigh irreparable. On the 2d of September the army was
svithdrawn to the defenses of Washington. The First Corps found
1 resting-place at Upton's Hill and time to recruit its diminished
ranks, wasted by the severity of the campaign, which, from August
3 to September 5, had been one of constant and unremitting labor.
The Confederate Army, under General Lee, soon made a fresh
assault upon the rear of the Union Army by the series of manoeuvres
which culminated in the battle of Antietam. In this campaign the
First Corps took no part, but in the reorganization of the army was
henceforth known as the Eleventh Corps, Army of the Potomac.
The specific movements of the regiment from September 22 to
December g are noted in the Itinerary, but it has been impossible to
find records or diaries covering this period as minutely as could be
wished. The movements during this period were, howe\'er, not
imi)ortant.
CHAPTER V
ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE
THE soldier of the line in the infantry can have but Uttle oppor-
tunity to learn the general scope of a battle ; the hmit of vision is
usually the hmit of knowledge, and this chapter therefore describes
but one phase of the battle of Chancellorsville, an engagement, or
rather a tragedy, full of disaster and sorrow to our cause, but full of me-
mories of glorious deeds, of self-sacrificing efifort, and heroic courage.
The Army of the Potomac passed the winter of 1862-63 ^^ Vir-
ginia upon the left bank of the Rappahannock, opposite the town
of Fredericksburg. Major-General Burnside was in command,
having replaced General McClellan. On the nth of December a
most disastrous battle was fought, which resulted in great loss of
life, and, what was worse, in serious disaffection among the generals,
who blamed each other for the disaster. The Eleventh Corps,
which was organized and so named in September, 1862, having
been much shattered by long marches and hard fighting, had been
stationed in the defences of Washington, but was now called to hasten
to the scene of active operations. Marching from Chantilly Decem-
ber 10, the command on December 11 was within hearing of the
sound of battle all day. The recollection of that rapid march with
the mufiled sound of cannon away in front remains with the survivors
to this day. The corps arrived too late to take any part in the battle,
but was soon called out to undertake that trying and futile efifort
which has gone down into history as the " Mud March," and then
went into winter quarters near Brooke Station.* General Joseph
*" Morning dawned upon another day of rain and storm. The ground had gone from
bad to worse, and now showed such a spectacle as might be presented by the elemental
wrecks of another deluge. An indescribable chaos of pontoons, vehicles, and artillery
encumbered all the roads, — supply-wagons upset by the roadside, guns stalled in the mud,
ammunition trains ruined by the way, and hundreds of horses and mules buried in the
liquid mud. The army, in fact, was embargoed: it was no longer a question of how to go
forward— it was a question of how to get back. The three days' rations brought on the
persons of the men were exhausted, and the supply-trains could not be moved up; to aid
the return, all the available force was put to work to corduroy the rotten roads. Next
morning the army floundered and staggered back to the old camps; and so ended a move-
ment that will always live in the recollectioniot the army as the " Mud March," and which
remains a striking exemplification of the enormous difficulties incident to winter cam-
paigning in Wirginia." —Swin/on's " Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac."
58
Joseph Hooker
Major-General, U. S. a.
Franz Sigel
Major-General, U. S. \'
1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 59
Hooker replaced General Burnside, taking command of the Army
of the Potomac January 26, 1863. The order assigning him to this
post was accompanied by a personal letter from President Lincoln,
which discloses his native good sense and strength of character, and
at the same time sheds a strong light upon the condition of affairs
in the army. It is as follows:
Executive Mansion,
Washington, D. C, Januar,' 26, 1863.
Major-General Hooker:
General: — I have placed you at the head of the Army of the Potomac. Of
course, I have done this upon what appear to me to be sufficient reasons, and
yet I think it best for you to know that there are some things in regard to which
I am not satisfied with you. I beheve you are a brave and skilful soldier, which,
of course, I Uke. I also believe you do not mix politics with your profession, in
which you are right. You have confidence in yourself, which is a valuable, if
not indispensable, quality. You are ambitious, which, if within reasonable
bounds, does good rather than harm; but I think that during General Burnside's
command of the army you have taken counsel of your ambition and thwarted
him as much as you could, in wliich you did a great wrong to the country, and
to a most meritorious and honorable brother officer. I have heard in such
way as to believe it, of your recently saying that both the anny and government
needed a dictator. Of course, it was not for this, but in spite of it, that I have
given you the command. Only those generals who vnn successes can set up as
dictators. What I now ask of you is military success, and I will risk the dicta-
torship. The government will support you to the utmost of its ability, which
is neither more nor less than it has done and will do for a.11 commanders. I
much fear that the spirit which you have aided to infuse into the army
of criticising their commander and withholding confidence from him, vdll now
turn on you. I shall assist you as far as I can to put it down. Neither you
nor Napoleon, if he were aUve again, could get any good out of an army while
such a spirit prevails in it.
And now, beware of rashness — beware of rashness; but with energy and
sleepless vigilance go forward and give us victories.
Yours very truly,
A. Lincoln.
With these words of counsel and warning ringing in his ears,
General Hooker addressed himself to his task. Under his vigorous
and skilful hand desertion was stopped, recruits came in, clothing,
equipment, and anamunition were received, and the spring of 1863
opened with a well-rested, fully prepared army of 113,000 men, eager
6o TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
to retrieve mistakes and whip the Army of Northern Virginia which
confronted them 60,000 strong, under General Robert E, Lee.
Among other regulations one of the most valuable was the intro-
duction of corps badges, as directed in the following order.
Headquarters Army of the Potomac,
March 21, 1863.
For the purpose of ready recognition of corps and dixdsions of the army,
and to prevent injustice by reports of straggling and misconduct through mis-
take as to their organizations, the chief quartermaster will furnish, without
delay, the following badges to be worn by the officers and enlisted men
of all regiments of the various corps mentioned. They will be securely fastened
upon the centre of the top of the cap. The inspecting officers will, at all in-
spections, see that these badges are worn as designated.
First Corps — A sphere: red for the First Division; white for the Second;
blue for the Third.
Second Corps — A trefoil: red for the First Division; white for the Second;
blue for the Third.
Third Corps — A lozenge: red for the First Division; white for the Second;
blue for the Third.
Fifth Corps — A Maltese cross: red for the First Division; white for the Sec-
ond; blue for the Third.
Sixth Corps — a cross; red for the First Division; white for the Second; blue
for the Third. (Light Division, green.)
Eleventh Corps — A crescent : red for the First Division ; white for the Sec-
ond; blue for the Third.
Twelfth Corps — A star: red for the First Division; white for the Second;
blue for the Third.
The sizes and colors will be according to pattern.
By command of Major-General Hooker.
S. Williams,
Acting Adjutant-General.
The Eleventh Corps at this time consisted of twenty-seven regi-
ments of infantry and six batteries of artillery. Sixteen of the
regiments were veteran, having served with Fremont in the Mountain
Department, and with Sigel in West Virginia; they had also taken
an active part in Pope's Virginia campaign in 1862. The other
eleven regiments were new. The corps was sometimes called the
foreign contingent of the Army of the Potomac, owing to the large
number of German-speaking commands it embraced. In fact, there
were fifteen of these so-called foreign regiments in the corps, eleven
1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHAN CELLO RSV I LLE 61
of which were exclusively German, and numbered about 4,500 men;
the other four regiments were of mixed nationalities, and numbered
some 2,500 men. There was a great population of German born
or of German descent in the North when the war broke out, and
statistics show that nearly 190,000 men of German birth were en-
Usted in our army during the Rebelhon. The Eleventh Corps
contained perhaps the largest number in any one corps. Probably
three-fifths of the command were foreign born. Among the dis-
tinguished names of which the corps could boast were Sigel, Schurz,
Prince Salm-Salm, Von Steinwehr, Bohlen, Von Gilsa, Buschbeck,
Frederick Hecker, and, not least, Emil Frey, who now holds a
distinguished position in the Swiss Repubhc. The Chief Engineer
of the corps was Colonel E. F. Hoffman, a Prussian of miUtary
education, who had been decorated by the king of Prussia at the
age of twenty-four, and who had enjoyed the friendship and esteem
of General James H. Wilson, as shown by a tribute to him in the
National Tribune of March 5, 1885. The corps received for its
commander, on March 2, 1863, General 0.0. Howard, who, by his
empty sleeve, showed that his rank had been won by active field
service. The First Division was commanded by Brigadier- General
Charles Devens of Massachusetts; the second by Brigadier- General
A. von Steinwehr; the third by Major-General Carl Schurz.
General Devens was appointed to the First Division just nine
days before the battle, displacing Brigadier- General N. C. McLean;
he had previously served with the Sixth Corps under McClellan.
His appointment was an unpleasant surprise, for the command had
served with and under General McLean during 1862 and had learned
to love and esteem him. Other changes were made in the corps,
which, in the event, justified Lincoln's maxim, that "it is not safe
to trade horses when crossing a stream." Had McLean been in
command of the division, Jackson could not have estabhshed himself
on the flank of the corps without being discovered, for the troops of
McLean's brigade had fought Jackson in Western Virginia and in
the Valley, and were aware of his "surprising" tactics. The First
Division was made up of two brigades; the first, under Colonel
Leopold von Gilsa, a veteran of the Prussian army, consisted of four
regiments, three from New York and one from Pennsylvania, and
62 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
numbered 1,400 men; the second brigade, commanded by General
N. C. McLean, consisted of live regiments, one from Connecticut —
the Seventeenth — and four from Ohio, viz., the Twenty-fifth, Fifty-
Fifth, Seventy-fifth, and One Hundred and Seventh, the last named
being German born or German speaking. The Ohio regiments had
been first brigaded by General Robert C. Schenck in January, 1862,
and had served continuously together since. I will not weary you
with further details of the organization of the corps, as it is with
those named that my statement deals.
On Monday morning, April 27th, the Eleventh Corps broke
camp and stretched away to the west. The day was warm and the
troops, full of fife and enthusiasm, rejoicing at the prospect of active
service and release from the dull routine of the winter's camp, left
Brooke Station without regret. Eight days' rations of bread and
three of meat had been issued. Each man carried one hundred
rounds of ammunition, and, as usual, an overcoat and blanket in
addition to the hundred and one accumulations of a permanent camp.
The April sun soon did its work, and by the time Hartwood Church,
fourteen miles distant, was reached, the roadside was covered with
overcoats and other articles, abandoned as too heavy or cumbersome
to be borne. Tuesday, April 28, was soon gone, and found the
corps at Kelly's Ford, on the Rappahannock River, about twenty-
five miles from Fredericksburg. Wednesday, the 29th, the Eleventh
Corps followed the Twelfth Corps, crossing the river, and also the
Rapidan at Germanna Ford, and encamped for the night upon
ground made historic the next year as the scene of the Battle of the
Wilderness.
The Wilderness region consists of an elevated plateau, from
which numerous small streams descend toward the Rapidan and
Rappahannock rivers on the north, and to the sources of the Po and
the Ny at the south. Its soil is sterile, and its former dense forests
have been cut down to feed the furnaces erected for smelting the bog
ores which, from colonial times, have been dug from its surface.
The second growth of trees is stunted and mingled with a dense
growth of vines and bushes, through which are narrow, winding
roads, used only by the few denizens of the poverty-stricken
region. This forest is traversed on the south by the Orange
1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 63
and Fredericksburg road, sometimes called the Plank road, a good
highway.
Thursday, the 30th, the long line of singing, shouting soldiers
moved on this Plank road southeast, and at night were safely estab-
lished at and near Chancellorsville, a point about four miles directly
south of the junction of the Rappahannock and Rapidan rivers, and
about twelve miles from Fredericksburg.
The operations of the army up to May i afforded the greatest
satisfaction to General Hooker. On Friday evening, about 5 o'clock,
he appeared wath his staff at the Chancellor House and exhibited
his gratification in general order No. 47, dated April 30. In this
order he stated that " the operations of the last three days had deter-
mined that our enemy must ingloriously fly, or come out from behind
his defences, and give us battle on our own ground, where certain
destruction awaits him." This vainglorious order was, to say the
least, premature.
General Hooker had committed a most serious blunder in the
part assigned to the cavalry. This arm of the service he had con-
solidated into one corps under General Stoneman, an experienced
and zealous officer and leader; but instead of utilizing this force in
observing the movements of the enemy and retarding his offensive
movements, he retained only a small division under General Pleas-
onton, the rest of the force being directed to make a raid upon the
communications of the enemy. The force assigned to the First
Division of the Eleventh Corps was just thirty-five men, a number
barely enough for orderly duty. Never was there a situation where
cavalry was more necessary, and never had a great army so small
a force.
The situation of the Union Army upon the morning of Saturday,
May 2, was, therefore, as follows: beginning on the left, the Fifth
Corps faced east, having its left near the Rappahannock and its
right connecting with the Second Corps, which faced east and south-
east, about Chancellorsville; on its right was the Twelfth Corps,
facing south, reaching from Chancellorsville to Fairview and west
to Hazel Grove. The right of this corps was refused and supported
by Birney's division of Sickles's Third Corps. Next on the right
came the Eleventh Corps facing south and southwest, having its right
64 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
refused by following the old turnpike (to Germanna Ford) which
leaves the Orange Plank road at Wilderness Church, a point at which
the Plank road turns to the southwest, while the old turnpike road
leads northwest. The army thus faced east and south, with its right
flank refused.
Devens's division of the Eleventh Corps formed the extreme right
flank of the army. The First Brigade (Von Gilsa's) was posted on
the extreme right, having two regiments in the thick woods facing
west and two regiments on the road facing south. It had no reserve,
and no protection except a slashing of small trees and bushes. Mc-
Lean's brigade connected on its left, having three regiments on the
front line and two in reserve, the Seventy-fifth Ohio being placed
about 700 yards in rear of the right, with instructions to act as a
reserve to the First Brigade if necessary. Von Steinwehr's division
was posted upon the right of Birney's division of the Third Corps.
He had but one brigade on the front line, the Second, under
Barlow, being in reserve. Schimmelfennig's brigade of Schurz's divis-
ion filled the space between Devens's left and Von Steinwehr's right;
the remainder of Schurz's division was in reserve, and so located that
it could face either south, west, or north. This reserve under Schurz
was massed with instructions from General Howard that they should
change front and deploy according to the point of attack. Busch-
beck's brigade was fairly well intrenched, but the value of intrench-
ments was not so fully recognized then as later in the war, and the
protection afforded by the works made was of the slightest.
The reserve artillery of the corps, which consisted of the batteries
of DeBeck, Hill, and Jahn, was located en echelon to the right and
rear of Von Gilsa's brigade, on a knoll covered with small pines.
Some rifle pits were constructed near these guns, and Barlow's
brigade was posted there as a support to the reserve artillery. This
reserve was in a good natural position, and available to meet an attack
either from the west or north. The earthworks at this point were
thrown up early in the afternoon of May 2, the work being done
under the supervision of experienced artillery officers.
In forming his Hne for a further advance upon the enemy, on
May I, General Hooker discovered that General Lee, upon learning
of the successful flank march of the Union Army, had hastened from
Charles D. Dudrow
Company H
Henry M. Kellogg
Company G /
1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 65
Fredericksburg with the bulk of his army and had formed a Hne
about three miles in length, running from the Rappahannock River
to Massaponax Creek, and had his centre upon high ground at
Tabernacle Church, about two miles east of Chancellorsville. He
had left General Early with some 10,000 men to hold the defences
of Fredericksburg, and with some 50,000 men of all arms at his
command prepared to meet the issue forced upon him. The Second
Corps of his army, under General T. J. Jackson, arrived about sunset,
and about 9 p. m. these two generals, by the light of a camp-fire,
considered the situation and prepared their plans. The Army of
Northern Virginia at this moment consisted of the flower of the
Confederate Army. Hard campaigning and much fighting had
inured them to all the vicissitudes of a soldier's fife, and they were
filled with the enthusiasm of success. General Lee hesitated to
wear out his troops by attacking General Hooker upon his chosen
ground, well fortified, and having superior numbers. At this moment
General Stuart, who commanded the Confederate cavalry, reported
to General Lee and advised him that the Union Army had no cavalry
upon its right flank between Dowdall's Tavern and Germanna and
Ely fords of the Rapidan. General Jackson then conceived the
brilliant idea which was to give him undying fame. He proposed
to take his Second Corps with fifteen or eighteen batteries of artillery
and four brigades of cavalry and place himself behind the right wing
of the Union Army. This made necessary a march of fifteen miles
right along the front of the Union Army in daylight, evading pickets
and scouts who might give early notice of the movement. General
Lee would thus be left with only 10,000 or 12,000 men to occupy
and possibly fight the Union Army, and the Confederates would be
broken into three divisions, neither of wliich could assist the other.
The pecuUar nature of the Wilderness region favored the plan,
however, and he assented. Accordingly, at daybreak, on May 2,
General Jackson began the movement. His force consisted of
seventy regiments of infantry in three divisicns: that of Rhodes,
twenty-two regiments; of Colston, twenty regiments; and A. P. Hill,
twenty-eight regiments. He had sixteen batteries of artillery and
four brigades of cavalry, a total of 33,400 men of all arms. The
Confederate divisions of Anderson and McLaws were posted in line
66 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
facing the Twelfth Corps at Fairview Heights, and the Third Corps
at Hazel Grove; and behind this force which screened them, Jackson's
army followed the mine road to an abandoned furnace, called
Welford's, about two miles south of the Third Corps front. The
movement of so large a force upon roads parallel to our line was
noticed by our pickets, and the line advanced to observe it. At this
point the Furnace road, so called, runs south and southwest, and to
our pickets the Confederate forces appeared to be moving away from
our front. It was at once reported and beheved that the Confed-
erates had left Fredericksburg and were in full retreat on Richmond.
General Sickles hastened to get permission to follow the enemy, and,
with Birney's division and Pleasonton's cavalry, reached the scene
of action about 2 p. m., deploying two brigades of infantry and using
artillery against the Rebel column. At this time most of Jackson's
infantry had passed and were concealed in the dark recesses of the
forest. Not having sufficient force, as he thought, General Sickles
called for Whipple's division of the Third Corps, and also for
Wilhams's division of the Twelfth Corps, and finally also called for
and secured Barlow's brigade of the Eleventh Corps, which was in
reserve near the Wilderness Church, his total force being about
20,000 men. General Sickles's plan of following up, as he supposed,
the retreating army and giving battle had an important relation to
the Eleventh Corps. First, his movement left a gap on the left of
the Eleventh Corps and resulted in the large force under his command
— the two divisions of the Third Corps, one of the Twelfth, and a
brigade of the Eleventh — moving off two miles out of hne and out
of touch with or supporting distance from the Eleventh Corps.
Besides, in taking away Barlow's brigade, the reserve artillery was
deprived of its infantry support.
General Sickles had sent Captain Moore of his staff to request
from General Howard a brigade to join his command and co-operate
in his attack. General Howard, always courteous and obliging,
regretted that he had no brigade which he could properly spare, and
pointed out to Captain Moore that Barlow's brigade was the only
one not in his line of battle or in near contact with it, and that that
was one of his largest and best brigades, in which were the Thirty-
third Massachusetts, Seventy-third Ohio, One Hundred and Thirty-
1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 67
fourth and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York, regiments of
splendid material and well officered, and that its commander was an
experienced officer, who had seen service with him in the Second
Corps (for General Barlow was at General Howard's side when he
lost his arm at Fair Oaks, and by his order took command of the
brigade) — that he could not, therefore, think of detaching that
brigade. In about an hour, as I learn from a staff officer who was
present, Captain Moore returned with an order from General Hooker
detaching Barlow's brigade and directing that it should report to
General Sickles. General Hooker thus entirely annulled his warn-
ing telegram of 9:30 A. M., directing the right to be watched and
strengthened.
General Howard, though keenly feeUng this disregard of his own
judgment, and regretting the depletion of his force at such a time,
was too good a soldier to hesitate, and promptly gave orders to his
senior aide, who was his brother, Major Howard (General C. H.
Howard, now Hving in Chicago), to take the brigade to General
Sickles, and to observe its exact location, so that, when the duty for
which it was detached had been accomplished, the brigade could
be readily brought back. Major Howard first galloped to General
Sickles quickly, who pointed out the position where he wanted the
brigade, saying he was just ready to give battle, and that the Rebels
were retreating before him. Returning, Major Howard soon met
Barlow at the head of his brigade, and with him General Howard,
who had taken this opportunity to examine the ground between his
left and Sickles, thinking if the battle became general in that quarter
he might have to move his entire corps to the support of Sickles.
General Howard then returned upon a gallop to his own headquarters
at Dowdall's Tavern.
This removal of Barlow's brigade by request of Sickles and by
order of Hooker was one of the worst blunders of that fateful day.
It not only deprived the Eleventh Corps of a strong brigade, well
commanded, located, and fortified in a position to meet an attack
from the west and north, but it made the whole force of reserve
artillery comparatively useless. Had all the guns of this splendid
artillery enjoyed the infantry support which General Howard had
planned, they would, in all probabiHty, have held the enemy in
68 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
check till night. This at least has been the conviction of many
officers of the Eleventh Corps.
Barlow's brigade marched fully two miles south of the Furnace,
but discovered no enemy. A sharp contest had taken place at the
Furnace about 3 p. m., in which the Twenty-third Georgia was
surrounded and captured. Jackson's column was not troubled
further, but pursued the march toward the west, and upon reaching
the Brock road to Germanna Ford turned north, and at 2:30 p. m.
the advance regiments began to form line across the Ely's Ford road
on the right rear of the Union force. From a hill on the Burton
farm General Jackson had a clear view, about 2 p. m., of the Unes of
the Eleventh Corps about Dowdall's Tavern and the Wilderness
Church, and placed his force with exact knowledge of the position.
He posted his command with its centre upon the old turnpike not
far from the Luckett House, the front being about two miles in
length. Rodes's division held the front line, Colston's the second
line, and A. P. Hill's, partly in line and partly in column, the third.
A small force of cavalry and the Stonewall Brigade were placed upon
the Plank road, wliich joins the old turnpike at Dowdall's Tavern,
where the Eleventh Corps headquarters were established. Jackson
had thus a force of about 30,000 men on the flank and rear of the
Eleventh Corps, which, depleted of Barlow's brigade, numbered less
than 9,000 men, only about 1,400 of whom were posted to resist an
attack. About 5 p. m. a force of Rebel cavalry and artillery ad-
vanced upon our right, and receiving a full volley from the One
Hundred and Fifty-third Pennsylvania, which was one of the flank
regiments, retired, having located our extreme flank.
All that May morning was marked by a strange quiet which
settled down upon the corps as the soldiers rested in line, arms in
hand, waiting the coming battle. At noon guns were stacked for
dinner, but were resumed when the meal was finished. The whole
right wing was on tiptoe with suppressed excitement. Since 1 1 a. m.
the picket line of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, under Captain Robbins, had
been sending in every half-hour reports of a movement in our front
to the right. Two or three shots were heard, first to our left, then
in front, then to the right, and rumor spread about that pickets had
heard artillery moving in our front; but about noon General Hooker,
(^
Pliny E. Watson
First Lieutenant, Company K
John R. Lowe
Captain, Company H
186^] ON THE RIGHT AT CHAN CELLO RSV I LLE 69
superbly mounted, a picture of manly beauty, accompanied by a
large staff, came riding the lines. He was greeted with cheers as
he passed to the west and upon his return, and we all felt relieved
as we felt that our position had been personally inspected by the
commanding general and was safe. General Howard at this time
directed General Hooker's attention to the fact that there was a wide
gap between the right of the Eleventh Corps (which was the extreme
right of the army) and the river, and that there was therefore no
obstacle for the right to rest upon — nothing to prevent its being
turned. General Hooker repHed that he would send a division of
cavalry to occupy that gap. It need hardly be added that General
Hooker never did this, and that the flank of his army was neither
protected by a natural obstacle nor watched by cavalry, and it was
impossible for the Eleventh Corps to stretch farther to the right.
The colonels of the regiments in line were, however, very anxious.
As the afternoon wore away the reports from the pickets came in
often and were so specific and imperative that Colonel Lee of the
Fifty-Fifth took the men to brigade headquarters, and then, with
General McLean, to division headquarters, expressing his deep con-
cern and anxiety and requesting some immediate action. General
Devens received the information coldly, and upon the third visit
grew impatient, and at last said to Colonel Lee, " You are frightened,
sir," with another remark about Western colonels being more scared
than hurt. Colonel Richardson, of the Twenty-fifth Ohio, brought
in four scouts who had been far to the front and reported that the
enemy were massing on our right. General Devens directed General
McLean to send him back to his regiment. Colonel Reilly, of the
Seventy-fifth Ohio, sent his Lieutenant-Colonel, Friend, with an
urgent message of like import; but General Devens said he had no
such news from corps headquarters and did not beHeve it. Colonel
Friend then went to corps headquarters, where he was laughed at
and warned not to bring on a panic. But the most convincing
evidence was from an artillery officer, a prominent character in the
Eleventh, and afterwards in the Twentieth Corps, on account of his
dare-devil gallantry in action, and also because he had a habit of
wearing leather breeches. Captain Hubert Dilger, of Battery I,
First Ohio Artillery, was a trained artilleryman holding a commission
70 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
in the Baden Mounted Artillery, and on leave of absence to enable
him to take part in our war. About 2 p. m. Captain Dilger deter-
mined to investigate the rumors of a large force on our right, and with
an orderly rode west beyond our line after vigorous remonstrance from
Colonel von Gilsa, who was very much disturbed and anxious over
the situation. Captain Dilger soon ran into the enemy and had much
difficulty in escaping capture, being chased several miles, but he at
last eluded his pursuers, and about 4:30 p. m. reported, first at
corps headquarters, and then, by direction of General Howard, to
army headquarters, where he says a long-legged major of cavab-y
laughed at his story and refused to allow him to report. Captain
Dilger claims that his report was not seriously treated at corps head-
quarters; but a corps officer who was present states that not only
was Captain Dilger sent to the army headquarters, but that other
scouts who came in from the front with similar reports were sent
forward to General Hooker; but that the Army Commander had
become possessed with the same conviction that actuated Sickles, and
returned word to General Howard that the enemy were retreating
on the Plank road and that General Sickles was follomng him.
Brigadier-General van Alen, chief of Hooker's staff, wired at 4:10
p. M. to General Butterfield, "We know the enemy is fleeing and
trying to save his trains. Two of Sickles's divisions are among them."
It would seem that Jackson's strategy in putting out a skirmish line
in his rear was completely successful in creating the impression at
army headquarters, and even at the headquarters of the Eleventh
Corps, coming dovm from the army commander himself, that the
battle was to take place two or three miles south of the place where
the onset was made. Captain Dilger returned sadly to his battery,
and made preparations for the fight, even refusing to allow his horses
to go to water. Before he had completed his arrangements the storm
broke. From all sources the news came frequently and persistently
that our right was seriously menaced, but these reports did not agree
\vith the one that the enemy could be seen retreating, and they were
rejected. About 5 130 p. m. General Devens rode down our line and,
halting just in rear of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, had some conversation
with a captain of cavalry, who appeared to be making a report.
While they were talking a shell from the right came down the road
1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 71
and burst right over our heads. The explosion was well timed and
the effect was immediate. There was a scattering of mounted men
and non-combatants, and the line stood to arms, not, however, before
the writer had burned his fingers trying to handle the pieces of shell
which rained about us. This was the signal for Jackson's Une to
advance. Scattered shots and volley firing began on the extreme
right, and along our front deer and wild game came scurrying out
of the woods. The firing increased to a roar and soon came nearer.
The right was steadily faUing back. The right regiment of the
brigade, the Seventy-fifth Ohio, having changed front, now began
firing, and bullets began to hail down our line from right and rear.
We had no enemy in front and yet had no orders to change front.
It was the most trying experience the command ever endured. We
now know that General Devens had been repeatedly urged to
permit a change of front, but had refused. At last the storm signal
reached us. From away to our rear and close at hand upon our
right came the " Rebel yell." Comrades of the Fifty-Fifth have all
heard that shrill note and know how it stirs the blood and calls out
all the impulses of resistance. The men of the right brigade now
began to come back in panic. The open ground to our rear
was a mass of yelhng Butternuts as the left of Jackson's Hne charged
the three batteries of reserve artillery and the two regiments —
the Eighty-second lUinois and Twenty-sixth Wisconsin — upon the
Ely's Ford road. The Twenty-fifth Ohio at last changed front and
began to fire. The Fifty-Fifth formed behind it. After about three
volleys the Twenty-fifth broke. The Fifty-Fifth held for two volleys
and then broke back, and the whole clearing became one mass of
panic-stricken soldiers flying at the top of their speed.
To mention a Httle personal experience. While in line, trying
to hold back the enemy, one bullet was certainly marked for my
name ; for, upon reaching the hne of the Second Division near Dow-
dall's Tavern, I discovered some difficulty in moving, and further
examination showed a shoeful of blood, and at this point I am con-
strained to say that I rested. General Howard I now saw for the
first time that day. He was the last man off the field. He sat on
his horse in the roadway, as cool as if on parade, but urging and
insisting and entreating the flying men to go slower. General
72 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
Schurz had formed a line facing west, and although his line was
afterwards broken and v/ent to the rear, the Rebel column was halted
and re-formed at this point. Buschbeck's brigade held its ground
the longest of all the corps; chmbing over to the reverse side of
their intrenchments, they steadily faced the overwhelming numbers
and deUvered their fire. Colonel Buschbeck reported that they
clung to the earthworks until their position was completely turned,
and that they retired in comparatively good order. Buschbeck was
a cool, skilful, and experienced oflScer.
Being now helpless and in the hands of the enemy, my occupation
was principally to observe the Rebel troops. They came on with
very little attention to line formation, and clad in as motley an array
of uniforms as could be imagined; but they w^ere well disciphned
and eager to go on. I heard one officer cry, " Oh, for only one more
hour of daylight!" General Jackson and his staff rode by about
seven o'clock and another effort to advance was made, but the thick
shrubbery and difficult roads made it a failure. A heavy artillery
fire about ten o'clock made sleep impossible; it was during this firing
that General Jackson was wounded.
It was for a long time a mystery to the soldiers of the First Division
why Jackson's right did not come down the turnpike as soon as his
left, for Colquitt's and Ramseur's brigades took no part in the firing
and came up to the firing-line an hour later; and I wish here to make
record of one of those nameless heroes whose valor was none the less
earnest because unnoticed. The picket-fine of the Fifty-Fifth was
under the command of Captain R. Robbins. The right of the Une
consisted of some forty men under Lieutenant John R. Lowe. This
officer had just been promoted from First Sergeant and was wearing
shoulder straps for the first time. He had sent frequent reports of
the march upon our flank, and when the Rebel line showed signs of
activity, sent an urgent message for support. Receiving no orders,
he put all his men on the skirmish fine and resisted the enemy's
advance, retiring slowly and keeping up a vigorous fire upon the
approaching Unes.
The RebelUon record contains the reports of Generals Colquitt
and Ramseur, from which it appears that the determined resistance
of this little band of skirmishers caused Colquitt to fear an attack
1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 73
upon his right. He halted his brigade and that of Ramseur, and
marched to the right clear over to the Plank road before advancing
in Une with the corps. In this \vay eight regiments of the Rebel
right were put out of the fight, and as many more were delayed from
moving up the Plank road. In all probabihty the whole of the First
Division would have been surrounded and taken prisoners if this
little Hne of pickets had not done its ijest. As it was, about half of
them were captured.
To complete the story of Chancellorsville, let me say that General
Sickles learned of the disaster to the Eleventh Corps about 7 p. m.,
and returned to the main line during the night. Barlow's brigade
had some difficulty in reaching our hues safely, but succeeded, and
on Sunday, May 3, the Eleventh Corps was in line of battle on the
right, sadly depleted, but ready to meet the enemy. General Lee
pushed the battle the next day. From the field hospital at the
Talley House, where I was lying, could be seen the smoke of the
firing, and the noise of battle was very near. During the day General
Hooker was disabled by the shock received when a Rebel shell struck
one of the pillars of the Chancellor House against which he was
leaning at the time. His army was retired to a defensive position,
covering United States Ford, and word was sent to General Sedgwick
of the situation. That officer had performed the task assigned to
him perfectly. He had driven Early's command out of the defences
of Fredericksburg, and was prepared to co-operate with the rest of
the army. The disaster to the Eleventh Corps, the terrific fighting
of May 3, and the accident to General Hooker all combined to
render further operations undesurable, and the army crossed the
Rappahannock on the night of May 5.
To return to personal experiences. The field hospital at the
Talley House was a scene of pain, distress, and anguish for seven or
eight days. Several thousand wounded men of both sides lay on
the ground, receiving such scanty attention as the small force of
surgeons from both armies could render. The operating-tables were
like butchers' blocks. The dying and dead lay among the living,
and burial parties were very slow in removing the dead. Finally
food gave out and many must have starved but for the supply of
whiskev and condensed milk which had been sent over for our relief
74 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
by permission of General Lee, it being our only resource. But at
last the paroling officers arrived; papers were made out, the am-
bulances were provided, and the long Une of groaning victims was
jolted over four miles of corduroy road to the river and to the sight
of " Old Glory." The corps was found in its old quarters at Brooke
Station, occupying the huts it had left so gayly only a few days before,
but saddened by the daily sight of the empty quarter-, whose occu-
pants had given their lives for their country.
The losses of the Eleventh Corps at Chancellorsville were large.
It had 9,000 men in action, and reported 2,512 casualties. The
Fifty-Fifth Ohio, with 442 officers and men in Une May 2, lost two
officers and twenty-seven men killed and five officers and eighty-two
men wounded and fifty-seven men captured, a total loss of 175.
Other regiments lost in Hke proportion, and the pity of it all was
that it seemed such a useless sacrifice. It is interesting to note that
General Devens made a good record afterwards in the Army of the
Potomac, but he never again refused to beUeve what his pickets
reported, and was known many times to spend long hours both of
day and night in personally inspecting the flanks of his command.
. General Hooker afterwards commanded the troops of the Eleventh
Corps when consoUdated with the Twelfth, and called the Twentieth
Corps, and it was the writer's privilege to hear from his hps the
warmest commendation of the bravery of the corps upon more than
one bloody field. When the Twentieth Corps was finally mustered
out, in July, 1865, General Sherman addressed the assembled com-
mand. He recited its history, and in a few well-chosen words paid
such a tribute to its courage and heroism, to its' faithful service and
uncomplaining spirit, as to forever wipe away any reproach that
may have rested upon it by its conduct on the right at Chancel-
lorsville.
CHAPTER VI
RECOLLECTIONS OF CHANCELLORSVILLE
By Captain W. S. Wigkham
ONE of the incidents most indelibly fastened in my memory in
connection with the battle of Chancellorsville was the sudden
and altogether unexpected boom of a hostile gun close on our flank,
followed by hurtUng missiles as they went screeching up the country
road along the side of which our regiment lay in line of battle. There
were other scenes and incidents that filled the closing hours of that
awful day, — scenes and incidents inseparable from a crushed army
in full retreat, with Death reaping a rich harvest and sparing not, —
and yet the remembrance of this "cannon's opening roar" lingers
with me still, indelibly. Perhaps it impressed me thus because it
was so unexpected; perhaps because it was so close at hand; but
more than likely because it so forcibly foretold the opening of the
contest in which we were so soon to be involved. With you who are
so familiar with all the details of our march from winter quarters
at Brooke Station to and across the Rappahannock and Rapidan
rivers, and with the successful manoeuvring of the General com-
manding which placed us unknown to, and unopposed by, the enemy
on his very flank ; with you who, besides, were so seriously wounded
on that field, it is scarcely necessary to enter into any lengthy review
of matters preceding and leading up to the opening hour of that
historic battle — six o'clock in the evening of May 2, 1863.
You will remember how we were posted, beside a nearly east and
west road, facing southerly, with a rail fence chinked with broken
wood our only protection. You will recall, no doubt, a hmited open
field in our front across which scampered wild animals of the country,
including deer, roused from their rest by the manoeuvring forces of
Stonewall Jackson, who were hastily forming for the attack — and how
all else, so far as we could see or so far as we in the ranks could know,
was densely wooded country — a wilderness indeed. My heart sickens
even now when I think how easily we might have been prepared for
75
76 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
the struggle that was about to open, and how, through criminal care-
lessness or gross incompetency — perhaps a combination of the two —
a probably glorious victory was turned into disaster, and for a time
into utter rout.* I have well-defined opinions as to who were chiefly
responsible for this serious check to the Army of the Potomac, and,
while I do not propose to name them here, it is but proper for me to
say that I do not include among them General OUver O. Howard.
I know that a good deal of criticism has been visited upon the General
during all these years, and for a time I myself could have been classed
among his critics; but careful study of all the facts has long since as
thoroughly convinced me that he was wrongfully condemned, as
subsequent service on hr staff during the war and occasional inter-
course since have proven to me his worth as a soldier, as a citizen,
and as a Christian gentleman.
Instead of coming in our front, the attack was made on our right
and rear by Jackson's full corps, 25,000 strong. The Fifty-Fifth
Ohio held the right of our brigade on that day, and, with the exception
of Von Gilsa's brigade, which was still farther to the right and some-
what "refused," the extreme right flank of the Union Army. So
unexpected was the assault that the guns of Von Gilsa's brigade were
in stack at the time, and the men were actually engaged in preparing
their evening meal, with scarcely a thought that their repast was to
consist of steel and lead rather than of their almost equally unim-
pressionable hardtack and their guileless bacon.f And you will
recollect, no doubt, that at this very moment the band of the Fifty-
Fifth was in the pines just across the road from us engaged in laudable
efforts to cheer the hearts of the boys with such familiar pieces as
"The Girl I Left Behind Me," and "Get Out of the Wilderness,"
and how their endeavor to accomplish the latter on foot were ac-
celerated by the crash of Jackson's guns and the "Rebel yell" from
more than twice ten thousand throats.
* " Hooker, about daybreak (May 21), rode along his right, whichihe apprehended was
too far extended, or not strongly posted, and which he found nowise prepared by earth-
works and batteries for a fiank attack; but he was assured by Slocum and Howard that
they were equal to any emergency."— Greeley's "Conflict."
tThe Rebel movement .... culminated a little before 6 p. m. in a grand burst of
Stonewall Jackson with 25,000 men on the exposed flank of that (the Eleventh) corps.
Emerging suddenly from the thick woods which enveloped that flank, and charging it from
three sides, as it were, the Rebels caught some of our men preparing their suppers, with
arms stacked, and gave them no time to recover."— Greeley's "Conflict."
Oliver O. Howard
Major-General, U. S. A.
Robert C. Schenck
Major-General, .U- S. V.
1863] RECOLLECTIONS OF CHANCELLORSVILLE 77
Stricken as we were in flank, there was but a single thing to do
— ^fall back across the road and attempt a re-formation behind the
Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth Ohio regiments, which were lying
there in reserve in column formation — and this was what was at-
tempted.
I can still see, despite the lapse of more than a third of a century,
our regiment falHng back from the worse than useless position it was
occupying, breaking away from right to left with a regularity that was
simply wonderful under the circumstances, and the change of base
might well be described as a change of front to the rear en echelon.
The only guns the enemy could bring to bear, owing to the heavily
timbered condition of the country in which they were operating,
were those I have already referred to as posted in the road above us,
and which startled us with their crash, but they did their work with
a too fatal precision and decimated our ranks with fearful rapidity
during the brief moments they had us within their range. The road
was a narrow one, however, and soon traversed, though many were
destined never to cross it. It was here that I saw Captain Sauter,
of Company B, who was a few yards to my right and a little in front,
fall headlong by the roadside, dead in his tracks — the first officer
and perhaps the first soldier to die on that day.
Reaching the pines on the farther side of the road, wherein lay
the Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth regiments, which by this time had
hastily deployed and changed front, the men of the Fifty-Fifth, as
well as those of the balance of our brigade who had been with us in
line, to wit, the One Hundred and Seventh Ohio and Seventeenth
Connecticut, did all that mortal men could do to stem the tide of
battle ; but it was only for a time, and a very short time at that, that
the enemy was checked in his course; soon the whole right flank of
the Union Army, overwhelmed and outclassed from the first, was
in full and unorganized retreat. I am not now, I never have been,
and I never shall be, in a frame of mind to blush for the part which
fell to my individual lot that day, nor to apologize in faintest terms
for the conduct of my comrades in that awful time. I speak now
especially of McLean's brigade, and particularly of the men of the
Fifty-Fifth, of course, that brave body with whom for four long years
I was so closely associated, with whom I "touched elbows" and
78 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
" drank from the same canteen" ; men who, on a former field, properly
commanded, had shown such special coolness and courage under
fire as to elicit the applause of surrounding commands,* and who, in
the years that succeeded and in the scores of engagements that fol-
lowed— at Gettysburg, at Chattanooga, at Mission Ridge, at Buzzard
Roost, at Resaca, at Dallas, at Peach Tree Creek, at Atlanta and
Savannah, at Averasborough and Bentonville — proved themselves the
equals of any among the selected sixty thousand that Sherman led
in his famous campaign "from Atlanta to the Sea," a force which
some one has aptly and knowingly described as " the best army on
all the earth."
I have said that our reserve (the Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth),
reinforced by the shattered remnants of the balance of the brigade,
checked for a time the assault, but as to the duration thereof I have
not now the least conception. That it was a "hot" place I know
full well. It was pandemonium — "hell let loose for a nooning" —
a veritable Inferno set upon a living stage, with an accompaniment
of Rebel yell and rattling musketry that surfeited the ear, and of
killed and dying and grievously wounded men that sickened the
sight. The air seemed literally filled with leaden missiles — their
constant "zip, zip" as they continued their flight singing a song so
painfully suggestive to those who were forced to listen, a melody to
which none, not even the bravest, ever grows thoroughly accustomed.
I know the thought occurred to me then, as doubtless it has occurred
to others under similar circumstances, how wonderful indeed it
♦General John Pope, in an article on the second battle of Bull Run, published in the
Century Magazine shortly before his death, said: "McLean's brigade of Schenck's
division, which was posted in observation on our left flank, and in support of Reynolds,
became exposed to the attack of the enemy on our left when Reynolds's division was drawn
back to form line to support Porter's corps then retiring from their attack, and was fiercely
assailed by Hood and Evans in greatly superior force. This brigade was commanded in
person by General Schenck, the division commander, and fought with supreme gallantry
and tenacity. The enemy's attack was repulsed several times, with severe loss, but he
returned again and again to the assault.
" It is needless for me to describe the appearance of a man so well known to the coun-
try as General R. C. Schenck. 1 have only to say that a more gallant and devoted soldier
never lived, and to his presence and the fearless exposure of his person during these
attacks, is largely due the protracted resistance made by this brigade. He fell, badly
wounded, in the front of his command, and his loss was deeply felt and had a marked
effect on the final result in that part of the field. Tower's brigade of Ricketts's division
was pushed forward to his support, and the brigade was led by General Tower in person,
with conspicuous gallantry. The conduct of these two brigades and their commanders, in
plain view of our whole left, was especially distinguished and called forth hearty and
enthusiastic cheers. Their example was of great service, and seemed to infuse new spirit
into the troops that witnessed their intrepid conduct. "
1863] RECOLLECTIONS OF CHANCELLORSVILLE 79
was that comparatively so few were injured and so many went
unscathed.
One incident occurred at this point which I cannot pass unmen-
tioned, proving as it does that we must have maintained our position
here for a considerable period, as well as demonstrating the coolness
with which a brave man may maintain himself under the most
trying and exciting circumstances. To you who so well remember
the accoutrement of the army of forty years ago, it is unnecessary
for me to mention the fact (and I only do so for the benefit of others
who possibly may scan these lines) that breech-loading and rapid-fire
guns were practically unknown in those days, and that our regiment,
in common with nearly all others, was armed with the ordinary
muzzle-loading musket, each man carrying attached to his belt a
cartridge-box, ordinarily accommodating forty rounds of ammunition,
and a cap pouch, inside the latter of which was always to be found a
"primer," a prepared wire with which to prick and free the nipple
in case it should become obstructed, a not altogether uncommon
event with the arms then in fashion. After the men had for a time
settled steadily to their work, Jacob Brown, of Company D — "Little
Jake" we called him, because he happened to be a trifle less in stature
than another Jacob Brown attached to the same command — came
to me in the thickest of the fray and said, "Lieutenant, something
is the matter with my gun; I can't fire it." Advising him to use his
"primer" and open the vent, he informed me that he had al-
ready tried that plan vidthout result. Just at this moment I noticed
Charley Streeter a short distance to our right and front, drop his
piece, spin partially around, and fall to the ground. To me he
appeared to be thoroughly done for, though such was not the fact,
albeit he was seriously wounded; so I said to Brown, "There,
Charley Streeter is killed; take his gun." Marching to the spot
he possessed himself of his fallen comrade's weapon, and resumed
his work as coolly, and, to me, apparently as unconcernedly as
if he were but going upon parade. I had no time to ponder the
problem then, but often since have I asked myself how it was that
this soldier, midst all the din and turmoil with which he was sur-
rounded, and half-bUnded with the smoke of battle, could determine
that his musket had refused its oflace ; and the only reasonable solution
8o TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
I have been able to adduce is that once it failed to explode, unnoticed
by him, and he continued feeding it cartridges until the ranirod's
ever-shortening journey disclosed to him the situation.
At the annual reunion of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment, soon to be
held in Norwalk, Ohio, it is practically certain that both these tried
soldiers will be present, and it seems to me but fair that they should
be called upon — Brown to explain the story of his musket's froward-
ness, and Streeter to demonstrate by his appearance that the writer,
for once in his life at least, was mistaken, and that he was not only
not "thoroughly done for" on the occasion in question, but, though
a little battered, is "still in the ring," a vigorous veteran of the most
stupendous conflict of recent times.
After leaving this part of the field and reaching an open space,
across which ran a Une of earthworks, thrown up, I believe, by Schurz's
men, but for unaccountable reasons abandoned by them,* I met at
its western edge several comrades, among them Captain C. P. Wick-
ham and Lieutenant E. C. Gulp of the Twenty-fifth, from whom,
after a brief and hurried conversation, I parted, and immediately
reached the works above mentioned. Everything here was in the
sorriest of plights. There was not a single organized military unit
in sight. Regiments and companies were mingled indiscriminately,
and, while the men were loading and firing their pieces as a matter
of course, each individual was acting upon his own account, without
efficient direction by recognized commanders. Most, perhaps all,
of the general and field officers were on foot, their animals having
been shot from under or escaped from them. Riderless horses were
scampering wildly in all directions, and a battery of artillery which
had attempted to get into action on the right of the fine behind the
breastworks had been flanked out of position and was rushing
madly to the rear in an effort to reach a new point of vantage and
to save its guns. It was here that I again ran across known com-
rades—Colonel Lee, whose black horse I had seen galloping about
bearing an empty saddle, the sight of which had sadly impressed
*GreeIey, in his " American Conflict," says: "Driven back [the Eleventh Corps] in wild
rout down the Chancellorsville road upon the position of General Schurz, it was found that
his division had alreadv retreated,— perhaps fled is the apterword,— and an attempt made
to rally and form here proved abortive." And Greeley might have added, truthfully, that
as a military man Schurz was one of the most conspicuous failures of the War of the Rebel-
lion, and his appointment as Major-General in the Union Army a serious mistake of
Lincoln's administration.
1863] RECOLLECTIONS OF CHANCELLORSVILLE 81
me with the thought that he must have been killed or wounded,
and Sergeant (afterwards Lieutenant) A. B. Chase.
All this time the enemy was continuously pushing his advantage
with accustomed energy, and persistently turning our right flank, in,
as it proved to be, a vain effort to reach the road leading to United
States Ford, and thus cut us off from our Hne of retreat. The open
space in which all this was occurring was perhaps half a mile in
extent from east to west, and as I drifted across it to an adjoining
piece of timber, with the now thoroughly demoralized and broken
remnants of Howard's corps, I stopped a moment before entering
the wood, impelled by curiosity to witness the efforts of some artillery-
men to extricate a twelve-pounder brass howitzer which had become
stalled in a ditch" they had attempted to cross. They had not time
to reheve it, and, cutting the traces, hurried away on the backs of
the horses, leaving the gun as spoil for the enemy. While thus en-
gaged in pandering to my curiosity I heard a peculiar noise close at
hand, somewhat resembUng the sound of a smart slap on the face
with an open hand, and turning toward it I saw, almost within the
touch of my extended arm, an infantryman of splendid physique,
still standing erect as a soldier at attention, with a hole squarely
through the centre of his forehead as large as a silver half-dollar,
evidently made by the contact of a Minie ball. He was dead, of
course, and must have fallen almost immediately, but not before
my gaze had left him, and in my mental vision he stands there yet,
and ever will, with gaping wound and form erect, a monument to
the wretched mismanagement that sent him to his death.
It was here, or near this point, that I met Lieutenant Stillman,
and together we remained until we rejoined the scattered members
of our regiment near the Chancellor House late that night. We
passed through the heavy timber close to which I had been standing,
avoiding the road along which the missiles from the enemy's guns
were winging their unfettered way, and after proceeding to a com-
paratively safe distance, stopped for rest. It was after sunset and
we were sorely fatigued, but as the firing and victorious shouting in
our rear were still of a vigorous character, and evidently approach-
ing, our tarry was of hmited duration. Relieving ourselves of all
unnecessary impedimenta, we continued on our way until, in a short
82
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
time, we came under the guns of General Pleasonton, who had
posted several batteries in strong position on a considerable rise of
ground west of the Chancellor House, and whose excellent service
rendered impossible the further advance of the enemy, and virtually
effected the close of the contest for the day.* In front and below
these guns, where all arrivals were hastily formed in Une of battle
in ever-increasing strength and with some approach to discipline,
we remained undisturbed, until about 10 o'clock, when we were
relieved and retired to seek and rejoin our various commands.
There is little more to add concerning our experience at the
battle of Chancellorsville. The Eleventh Corps was next day posted
in reserve behind strongly constructed works of earth and logs, and
passed the intervening time uneventfully until May 5, when it, with
the entire army, recrossed the Rappahannock, and, going into camp
in its familiar quarters at Brooke Station, there remained until
about the ist of June, when it was called upon to enter into the
campaign that led to Gettysburg,— the most sanguinary struggle of
the "war and the high- water mark of the great Rebellion,— wherein
the Eleventh Corps won its laurels and retrieved the disaster of Chan-
cellorsville.
* Three batteries (Battery H. ist Ohio, and 10th and nth Batteries New York Inde-
pendent Artillery) were posted by Captain James F. Huntington of Battery H, first
Ohio Light Art'iWery. —Ediior.
CHAPTER VII
THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN
ON May 7, 1863, the Army of the Potomac had returned to the
lines before Fredericksburg, from which, on April 27, it had
marched with so much confidence. As the Fifty-Fifth Ohio reoccu-
pied the camp at Brooke Station, where it had spent the previous
winter, the vacant huts, all too numerous, reminded the survivors
of its losses in the recent battle. Numerous changes took place in
the regiment. On May 8, Colonel John C. Lee, who had organized
the regiment and led it to the field, smarting under the storm of unjust
criticism which now broke upon the Eleventh Corps, resigned his
commission and left the army. This step was deeply regretted by
every man in the regiment, and he afterwards doubtless felt that the
act was a hasty one. His last communication to the regiment was
the following address:
Brooke Station, Va., May 8, 1863.
Officers and Soldiers of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry : —
You and I are about to separate. My connection with the regiment and
the army for the present now terminates. We have been united in our coun-
try's mihtary service for nearly two years. That service has been directed
toward the upholding of the Federal constitution and the Federal authority.
You gathered at Camp McClellan, Norwalk, Oliio, from civil pursuits, and
took up camp-hfe. With merciless vigor, you were crowded into the routine
and formulas of camp instruction. In January, 1862, you were hurried into
Western Virginia, encamping at Grafton. In a few days, having passed to
New Creek, you made the remarkable marches to Romney and Moorefield,
where you first met the enemy, with high credit to your patience and soldierly
endurance. Subsequently, under the gallant and patriotic Schenck, you made
the campaign of the South Branch Valley. Following close upon that was the
remarkable passage of the Shenandoah Mountains, led by Major-General Fre-
mont. You forded streams, cUmbed mountains, contended with hunger, en-
dured the bitterest of storms, marched by night and by day, led by the patri-
otic impulses of generous hearts, challenging the admiration of your officers and
of the country. While others were marauding, you were in ranks; while others
straggled, robbing and disgracing the American army, you were distinguished
by your order and exemplary conduct.
83
84
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
You fell under the command of the kind and soldierly Sigel. Again you
passed eastward and southward to the Robertson's River, from whence you
were moved in the rear of a retreating though fighting array, to the left bank
of the Upper Rappahannock.
From the iSth of August to the 2d of September you were daily and nightly
in fight or on the march, in the presence of the enemy. The blood and bones
of your comrades enrich the Bald Hill, on the Bull Run battle-ground.
As a part of the reserve of the army, you were not engaged with the enemy
until the late confhct at Chanccllorsville. There you bore a part which your
depleted ranks too plainly tell.
When you came to Virginia your number was 960; now it is, present for
duty, not over 350. You began in the West and have fought your way to the
banks of the Lower Rappahannock. From civiUans you have become soldiers;
and from honest patriots you have ripened into life-sacrificing devotees to
your flag. ,j- 1 i-r »
You have animated me with pride over your high-toned soldierly hfe, at
once standing acquit in the forum of enUghtened conscience, and furnishing a
grand example to others.
You cannot, shall not, be forgotten. My boast will always be that I coni-
manded the Fifty-Fifth Ohio. When your flag shall float over Richmond,
Charieston, and the other strongholds of rebelUon, many more of you may
have passed into the great embahning house of the illustrious dead, but your
kindred will reiterate your names and perpetuate your memory.
Let all mere poHtical considerations be dismissed, and your sole ambition
be the preservation of our liberty's charter and the restoration of the unbroken
authority of a defied government.
To the command of Colonel Gambee I commit you with the most unfal-
tering trust. Your discipUne cannot deteriorate nor your conception of a
manly patriotic soldierhood be lowered. God's blessing go with you, officers
and soldiers, and a united and prospering country be the crown of your labors.
John C. Lee.
Lieutenant-Colonel Gambee assumed the command and was
soon commissioned Colonel. Captain James M. Stevens, of Com-
pany H, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel, a suitable reward
for the gallantry he had displayed in the battle of ChancellorsviUe
and for the fortitude with which he endured the pain of severe wounds
there received. Captain Rudolphus Robbins, of Company K, was
commissioned Major. He, too, had earned promotion, for his brave
and steady line of skirmishers at ChancellorsviUe had saved the
division from capture. These promotions brought advancement to
numerous officers of the Hne, and the regiment soon began to recover
from the depression of a bloody battle and a fruitless campaign.
Charles M. Stone
Captain, Company G
Killed March i6, 1865, in Battle of
averasborough, n. c.
OzRO B. Gould
Captain, Company G
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 85
The company lines steadily lengthened as men returned from
hospital and sick leave; and with daily drill and the routine of camp
and picket duty confidence was restored. The enemy was still
before us on Fredericksburg Heights, a daily reminder that the work
was not yet done. Under General Hooker's practised hand, the
army soon regained its moral tone and confident purpose. Rein-
forcements were needed, for, besides the losses in the recent campaign,
heat and rains of the early summer in that latitude brought sickness,
and the expiration of terms of service of some 15,000 men had also
to be taken into account. But General Lee was not to allow time
for reinforcements, or indeed much time for reorganization.
On the 31st of March the Fifty-Fifth Ohio was assigned to the
Second Brigade, Second Division, of the Eleventh Corps. It left
its friends of the Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry with regret, but found in the Thirty-third Massachusetts,
the Seventy-third Ohio, and the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth
New York staunch and brave comrades. With one or two additions
afterwards, this organization continued to the close of the war.
The commander of this brigade was an Ohio soldier, Orland Smith,
Colonel of the Seventy-third Ohio, whose record as a brave, wise,
and far-sighted commander was unsurpassed. His memory will
always be cherished by those he led so wisely and cared for with
such sympathy and kindness.
The Confederate Army and the Rebel Government, although
fully aware that their losses had been severe and could hardly be
replaced, were encouraged by the late successful campaign to carry
the war into the enemy's country. General Lee reorganized his
army, dividing it into three corps, each commanded by a heutenant-
general. He recalled General Longstreet \^^th his three divisions
from Suffolk, and placed him in command of the First Corps. To
General Ewell he gave the Second Corps, in which were troops
lately commanded by General T. J. Jackson, and the Third to
General A. P. Hill. His infantry numbered 68,352 muskets, the
artillery eighty guns, and the cavalry, under General J. E. B. Stuart,
12,000 sabres. His total force numbered 85,000 men of all arms.
These troops were all veterans, seasoned by hard service and animated
with a devotion worthy of a better cause.
86 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
The month of May passed without event, both armies vigorously
preparing for the struggle of the coming summer, wherever that
might occur. General Hooker, always on the alert, noticed early
in June significant changes in the camps of the enemy. On the
5th of June, in order to develop the exact positions of the Confederate
Army, he ordered the Sixth Corps to march to Franklin's Crossing
below Fredericksburg. Howe's division crossed the stream and forti-
fied a position, but afterwards returned, having developed a large
force of the enemy. On the 9th of June he sent a large force of
cavalry to cross at Beverly Ford west of Fredericksburg and advance
on Brandy Station, four and one-half miles distant. This force was
supported by a picked command of infantry selected from the
Eleventh and Sixth Corps. The cavalry soon found their enemy,
and a hot fight ensued, the Confederates being surprised. General
Stuart narrowly escaped capture and his headquarters ambulance,
with its records and papers, was captured. Among the papers was
a letter from General Lee to General Stuart, which gave some details
of the proposed campaign, information of the highest value to
General Hooker at that moment. The cavalry movement had un-
veiled the presence of infantry in large numbers near Culpeper, and
General Lee was unmasked. With this information General Hooker
could now plan counter-movements. The cavalry encounter was a
costly one to both sides, but the results to the Union cause were
worth the cost. General Lee had indeed begun the invasion of
Pennsylvania. General Longstreet's corps began the march on
June 3d. General Ewell followed on June 4th, having planned to
concentrate near Culpeper, and from thence to march to the Valley
of Virginia, and, follov^dng its war-worn roads sheltered by the Blue
Ridge, cross the Potomac at the western base of South Mountain;
and, once established near Hagerstown, Maryland, threaten Harris-
burg, Baltimore, and even Washington. A successful campaign
would gain not only miUtary, but political advantages of the utmost
value to the Confederacy.
Imperative orders from General Halleck and from the President
prevented General Hooker from carrying out a bold plan he had
conceived, of marching on Richmond with the bulk of his army
when the enemy should be well advanced toward the Potomac, and
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 87
he accordingly prepared to follow the movements of the Confederate
Army. He sent his right wing, consisting of the First, Third, and
Eleventh corps, to cover the Upper Rappahannock and so disposed
as to afford mutual aid, should the enemy threaten the crossings of
the river, or Warrenton, or even Manassas. The cavalry under
General Pleasonton was sent to follow the Confederate Army, to
locate its route, and to harass and annoy its march if possible. The
left wing, consisting of the Second, Fifth, Sixth, and Twelfth corps,
still faced at Falmouth Hill's corps, which had been left there to
cover the dispositions of the invading army and draw attention away
from the marching column. General Ewell marched his corps (the
Second of General Lee's army) from the vicinity of Culpeper on
June 10, by way of Sperryville and Chester Gap, and by the 14th
had reached Berryville near Winchester, where he fell with over-
whelming numbers upon General Milroy's division of the Eighth
Corps, consisting of about 6,900 effectives, and drove it in confusion
across the Potomac, with a loss of 4,000 men captured, and also
twenty-three cannon and 300 wagons. The Confederate loss was
but forty-seven killed, 219 wounded, and three prisoners.
On the 1 2th of June General Hooker had been advised by a
negro boy that Ewell's corps had passed Sperryville, and at once
placed his army in position. He echeloned the left wing along the
Orange and Alexandria Railroad, placing the Third Corps at Rap-
pahannock Station, the First at Bealton, and the Eleventh at Catlett's
Station. He left the Fifth Corps to face the enemy at Falmouth,
and about-faced the Second, Sixth, and Twelfth corps for a march
north. By the 15th of June he had concentrated the entire army,
having his right at Fairfax Court House and his left at Manassas.
This movement reversed the wings, and the former left now became
the right. It enabled him to cover Washington perfectly and to
keep pace with the marching enemy, whose exact positions were
unknown. As quaintly expressed by President Lincoln at the time,
"If the head was at the Potomac and the tail at Fredericksburg,
the animal must be very thin somewhere."
The Fifty-Fifth Ohio with its brigade broke camp at Brooke
Station on the 12 th and marched ten miles on that day, the route
leading via Hartwood Church. On the 13th the march of twenty-
88 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
two miles was over a fine country, to camp at Cedar Run, near the
railroad bridge of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. The
weather was warm and the roads very dusty, and there was painful
lack of water. The march of the 14th covered twenty miles over
roads well known to the command, being near the battle-field of
Bull Run. The corps headquarters were at Centreville, and the
camp of the Fifty-Fifth was made at Blackburn's Ford on Bull Run,
about two miles south of Centreville. This was another dusty, hot,
and waterless march, which exhausted many of the men, unused
to such strenuous work. But the i6th was an idle day, and a good
rest restored the energies of the tired soldiers, so that the march
north upon the 17th, of twenty miles, was not so great a hardship.
The command camped on Goose Creek, a tributary of the Potomac,
at Cow Horn Ford, sometimes called Trappe Rock, about six miles
from Leesburg. The stream was clear and cool and afforded grateful
relief to the soldiers who had strained every nerve to keep up with
the colors. The regiment rested here two days, acting in concert
v^dth the Sixth Corps as a support to a powerful cavalry reconnais-
sance toward the Blue Ridge. The Union cavalry were met by the
Confederates under General Stuart, and sharp fighting ensued, in
which General Pleasonton's force was successful and pushed the
enemy through Ashby's Gap in the Blue Ridge. General Long-
street with the First Corps of Lee's army was near by and detached
McLaw's division to support the routed force. The Union cavalry,
however, had reached the summit of the Blue Ridge, where they
had a full view of the Shenandoah valley for miles in each direction.
The valley was filled with the long lines of gray-coated Confederates
and their trains as far as the eye could reach, all hastening with
rapid steps toward the Potomac. The entire Confederate Army
was rapidly marching to invade the North.
On the 20th rainy weather made Goose Creek muddy, and
water for cooking and drinking was scarce. The regiment changed
camp to the east bank of the stream. Cannonading was heard
toward the north, and marching orders were hourly expected. On
the 2 1 St the regiment Avas detached to guard Grimes's Ford, one and
a half miles north. Grounds for a fine camp were selected and the
command enjoyed the rest from hot and dusty roads. The band
Edmund Franklin
Company I
*
John Hoyles
Company I
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 89
had a few hours for practice, and an eight days' mail filled up idle
hours. But on the 24th marching orders arrived, and the regiment
broke camp again. The brigade was joined about noon, and after
a march of ten miles, passing on the way through the Catoctin range
of hills, camped on the bank of the Potomac near Edwards Ferry.
Thursday, June 25, the Eleventh Corps crossed the Potomac at
Edwards Ferry and that day made a hard march of eighteen miles,
passing through Poolesville, Maryland, where Union flags were dis-
played, and, in spite of the rain, the natives gave friendly greetings
and more substantial refreshments. The band played in the streets,
and all rejoiced at the unaccustomed reception. About noon of the
26th the Fifty-Fifth was sent on in advance to Middletown, eight
miles, and there, too, rain which fell heavily failed to quench the
enthusiasm of the people. The fine farms and well-tilled fields
were in pleasant contrast to the Virginia country we had lately
marched over. The regiment acted as provost guard in Middletown
and enjoyed a brief rest and the hospitahty of Union citizens. The
band played its best and rejoiced the hearts of the people, who came
in crowds to witness army life. The command rested on the 27th
at Middletown. On Sunday, June 28, the brigade marched to
Turner's or Boonsborough Gap in South Mountain. The Fifty-
Fifth was posted at the east end of the Gap and many visited the
scenes of the battle of the year before, when the Confederates were
signally defeated, being both outflanked and outfought. In his diary
Comrade H. C. Henney of Company A notes that he was shown a
great rock in the valley where the bodies of seventeen dead Rebels
were found. The brigade took up the march in the afternoon of
this day, and joining the corps, passed through the outskirts of
Frederick, and at i a. m. bivouacked for a few hours; then, resuming
the route, marched straight through to Emmettsburg, making a
distance of thirty-seven miles in twenty-four hours. Rain feU heavily
during the day, but the road from Frederick and Emmettsburg is
a good stone pike and the marching was comparatively easy. The
brigade had by this time got into marching trim, and it is worthy
of note that the entire command made this exhausting march and
came into camp without a straggler. Henney says in his diary:
"As the command passed stragglers from the other commands, we
90 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
bullyragged them and asked if this was *a good platz for a caffe
mache.' " On June 27 General Hooker's entire army was concen-
trated on the left bank of the Potomac. His operations had been
well conceived and admirably executed. On June 15, when at Fair-
fax Station, he had foreseen the possibility of a campaign north of
the Potomac and had sent two pontoon bridge trains to the mouth
of the Monacacy. These bridges were laid on the i8th and were of
course available whenever the necessities of the campaign required
their use. On the 25th, 26th, and 27th the seven corps of the Army
of the Potomac, with the cavalry, the artillery, and all the supply
trains, were safely placed on the north bank.
This movement was ordered immediately upon receipt by General
Hooker of the news that Hagerstown, Maryland, had been occupied
by General Ewell's Confederate Corps. From various sources, but
principally from Rebel deserters, General Hooker was advised also
that Longstreet's and Hill's corps were either about to cross or had
crossed the Potomac at Shepherdstown and WiUiamsport; there-
fore, at the time when General Lee had concentrated most of his
army at Chambersburg, where he was concealed and sheltered by
the great South Mountain, General Hooker had quite kept pace
with him and had his army well in hand and in the best possible
position for the protection of Washington and Baltimore. General
Hooker could not, however, keep pace vnth the advanced corps of
General Lee's army. Ewell's corps had marched fast and far.
On the 27th he had with two divisions reached Carlisle, Pennsyl-
vania, and his advance threatened Harrisburg. General Early's
division had turned northeast from Hagerstown, and on the 28th,
having passed through Gettysburg and York, was threatening to
seize the wooden bridge across the Susquehanna at Wrightsville, a
few miles below Harrisburg. This project was defeated by the
burning of the bridge by the Home Guards on the approach of
Gordon's troops. General Ewell's command was, therefore, dis-
tributed on the arc of a circle from York to CarUsle and Chambers-
burg. The presence of Confederate troops so far north as actually to
threaten Harrisburg and Baltimore created the most intense excite-
ment in the North. General Couch had been placed in command
of the Department of the Susquehanna on June 10, and at once began
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 91
the organization of a force of Home Guards and reserves for local
service. General Schenck, commanding at Baltimore, sent forward
such troops as he could spare, and the defences of Washington were
called on to contribute to the common need. On the 27th the head-
quarters of the Army of the Potomac were at Frederick, Maryland.
General Hooker had disposed his forces on hnes south and west of
that place, facing the west. The Twelfth Corps had moved up to
Knoxville, about three miles east of Harper's Ferry, where General
French was stationed with a division of the Eighth Corps numbering
about 11,000 men. General Hooker planned and asked authority
to unite the Twelfth Corps with French's command and a large
force of cavalry (for Stahel's cavalry division had been added to his
command) and make a bold attack on General Lee's communica-
tions west of South Mountain. General Longstreet in his memoirs
says: "If General Hooker had been granted the authority for which
he applied, he would have struck our trains exposed from Chambers-
burg to the Potomac without a cavakyman to ride and report the
trouble." The situation of the Confederate generals in the enemy's
country brought a new and strange experience to them. When
operating in their own country, information came to them at every
hour of the day, and from every village and hamlet. In the enemy's
country this source of information failed, and, strange as it may
seem, the news of the crossing of the Potomac by Hooker's army
did not reach General Lee till the concentration was completed.
General Lee, by a misunderstanding of orders, had been completely
deprived of the use of his large cavalry force, which, under General
J. E. B. Stuart, had undertaken a spectacular raid around the Union
Army. After the cavalry combat at Ashby's Gap, this brilliant
cavalryman had concentrated three brigades at Salem Depot upon
June 27, and marching by day and night via Wolf^Run Shoals, Fairfax
Court House, and Dranesville, crossed the Potomac at Rowson's
Ford, and on June 30 reached Hanover, having taken a few hundred
prisoners and destroyed about a hundred wagons at Hood's Mills,
twelve miles from Washington. General Kilpatrick's division of
Union cavalry intercepted him at Hanover and compelled him to
make a detour via York and Dover, where he learned the position
of the Confederate Army, which he rejoined upon July 2d. It was
92 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
a curious instance that the cavalry, the "eyes" of the army, should
be in search of its location. The raid deprived General Lee of the
information of which he stood in greatest need, and no doubt had
an important influence on the whole campaign. In his memoirs
General Longstreet comments on the whole aff'air in severe terms.
General Halleck refused to allow General Hooker the authority
he desired; and he, feeling that he did not enjoy the confidence of
the Commander-in-Chie. , asked to be relieved of his command.
His request was granted, and on the morning of June 28 he turned
the command over to Major-General George G. Meade, who was
at the time commanding the Fifth Corps. This General, upon
whom this great responsibility was so suddenly placed, was born at
Cadiz, Spain, in 181 5, and was therefore in his forty-eighth year. He
was a natural-born citizen, for his father was a citizen of Philadelphia.
He entered the Military Academy in 183 1, and graduated with honor.
He had served in the regular army in the topographical department,
and he saw service in the Mexican War. His campaigning had been
on the Peninsula, at Antietam, at Fredericksburg, where he made a
most gallant assault. He led the Fifth Corps at Chancellorsville.
No doubt he was the man for the hour. General Lee said of him
after the war that he feared him more than any man he had ever
met in battle.
General Meade had the good judgment not to make any changes
in the general staff, and even retained General Butterfield as Chief
of Stafif. He seems to have agreed with General Hooker as to the
plan of operation. General Hooker, after the disapproval of his
plan to fall upon General Lee's communications, had decided to
cover the passes of South Mountain and harass the enemy until he
should be brought to battle. General Meade recognized that it
was of the first importance that General Lee's army should be
checked in its victorious march on Harrisburg and Baltimore. With
this in view he directed his army corps to march north in three
diverging columns, and by forced marches had in two days so dis-
posed them as to cover the roads leading from Chambersburg,
CarHsle, and York to Baltimore and Washington. A strong position
on Pipe Creek between Manchester and Middleburg was indicated
as a probable battle-ground should the enemy appear in force.
Alonzo D. Barber
Corporal, Company I
HiRAiM Johnson
Company I
Killed May 15, 1864, in Battle of Resaca. Ga.
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 93
June 30 the Eleventh Corps was encamped at Emmettsburg.
The First Corps was at Marsh Run, six miles in advance, and but
six miles from Gettysburg. The Third Corps was near Emmetts-
burg, but farther to the east. The Twelfth Corps was at Littles-
town, but nine miles from Gettysburg. The right wing, namely,
the Second, Fifth, and Sixth corps, were en echelon to the north-
east, the Second Corps being farthest away, at Uniontown, twenty-
two miles from Gettysburg. The Second Cavalry Division, com-
manded by General Buford, was under the orders of General Rey-
nolds, commanding the left wing, and had been directed to take
possession of Gettysburg and hold it till infantry could arrive.
Accordingly the night of June 30 found Buford with the brigades
of Gamble and Devin picketing Willoughby Run, northeast of
Gettysburg, and preparing for a fierce combat, for during the day
they had encountered both cavalry and infantry on the Cashtown
Road, and were satisfied of the presence of a large force. These
encounters had been reported to General Reynolds, and by him to
General Meade, who was also advised on the same night by a tele-
gram from General Herman Haupt, Chief of MiUtary Railroads, that
General Lee's forces were hastily falUng back from Harrisburg and
he must be prepared for a sudden attack from his whole army. Gen-
eral Haupt, at Harrisburg, on the 30th had been informed of the
sudden departure of the enemy from the vicinity, leaving so quickly
as to abandon their dinners uneaten. The Home Guards were dis-
posed to take credit for a repulse of the invading army, but the well-
trained soldier looked deeper into the problem and sent his warning
telegram at once. It reached General Meade at 12:45 P- ^- of the
same night, and confirmed previous information from other sources.
General Longstreet relates in his memoirs the arrival at General Lee's
headquarters on June 28 of the scout, Harrison, with the information
that five corps of the Union Army, which he had supposed were
watching the passes of the Blue Ridge, south of the Potomac, were
on the eastern slope of South Mountain and dangerously near his rear.
His complete ignorance of the situation was, of course, due to the
absence of Stuart's cavalry, who had by a fooHsh adventure placed
themselves on the other side of the Union Army, where they were
useless to their friends, and not very harmful to their enemy. General
94 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
Lee at once prepared to concentrate his army, and selected Cash-
town, at the eastern end of a defile through South Mountain and
about eight miles northwest of Gettysburg, as the point of concen-
tration. That a battle would probably be fought at or near Gettys-
burg was well understood by the officers of the Union Army nearest
that village on the night of June 30. General Buford said that
evening to General Devin, one of his brigade commanders, "Rest
assured that the enemy will attack us in the morning. Their skir-
mishers will come thundering along three deep, and we shall have
to fight like devils to maintain ourselves until the arrival of the
infantry." General Charles H. Howard, senior aide on the staff of
his brother, General O. O. Howard, relates that he was present
that evening at a conference with General Reynolds (who had been
placed in command of the left wing), in which the conviction was
expressed by both generals that a battle was imminent and that there
would be fighting the next day.
On July I the Second Division of the Eleventh Corps marched
from Emmettsburg at 8:30 A. M., having the Second Brigade in rear.
The First Corps had left Marsh Creek, six miles in advance, at an
early hour, hastening to the support of the cavalry under General
Buford, who, as he had anticipated, was having a desperate fight
to retard the advance of the Confederates under General Hill on
Gettysburg. The First Division of the Eleventh Corps, under
General Barlow, marched on the Emmettsburg road, following the
First Corps. The Third and Second divisions, in the order named,
were marched by a cross-road to Horner's Mill on the Taneytown
road, and thence had an unobstructed march to the scene of action.
The Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Orland Smith, marched
in the rear of the corps and reached Cemetery Hill at 2 p. m., having
marched about thirteen miles.
From the elevation of Cemetery Hill some idea of the battle-
ground could be obtained. Before and below us was the village of
Gettysburg, having perhaps 1,500 inhabitants, located on the south
side of Stevens Creek, a small stream which, running east and
west, empties into the larger stream of Rock Creek, which runs
north and south between the bold hills. The town lies at the north
end of Cemetery Ridge, which by gentle acclivities rises to a height
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 95
of eighty feet above the valley and, continuing south for a distance
of a mile or more, gradually lessens its height, but ends in two
wooded knobs, of which the one farther south, called Round Top, is
the higher, its summit reaching an altitude of 210 feet above the vil-
lage; the other, called Little Round Top, is separated from the
greater elevation by a ravine perhaps 1,500 feet in width and is but
one-half as high. A valley something hke a mile in width separates
Cemetery Ridge from its sister elevation, Seminary Ridge, on the
west, generally parallel, but extending north and west of the village in
broken masses, some of which were wooded. A Lutheran college
adorns the latter ridge west of the town, from which it takes its
name. From the summit of Cemetery HiU (so called from the
burial-place which occupies a part of the elevation) could be seen the
various roads which approach the town from all points of the compass.
This position had been selected by General Howard as he
reached the field, at 11 :3o a. m., as a suitable position for the reserve
of his corps. The hill was flanked on the right by the Baltimore
Pike, beyond which was the defile through which runs Rock Creek,
bounded on the east by the elevation of Culp's Hill, about equal
in height to Cemetery Hill. On the left the Emmettsburg road
approaches from the southwest, and near the village joins the Taney-
town road coming directly from the south.
As General Howard and his staff reached Cemetery Hill at 1 1 130
A. M., the sound of heavy infantry and artillery firing from Seminary
Hill indicated a severe battle. General Reynolds had reached the
field at 9:30 A. M., and with his infantry had reinforced the cavalry,
and by daring and persistent courage had checked the enemy and
compelled him to bring up a large force of both infantry and artillery.
General Howard sent notice of his arrival on the field to General
Reynolds and also sent orders to his division commanders to come
on with all haste. General Schurz with the Third Division reached
the hill at 1 2 45 p. m. At this moment General Howard was advised
that General Reynolds had been killed as he was placing his com-
mand on the field near Willoughby Run, and that the command of
the left wing and of the field now devolved upon him. General
Schurz was at once placed in command of the Eleventh Corps and
General Schimmelfennig of the Third Division.
96 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
The Second Division of the Eleventh Corps arrived at 1 130 p. m.
It was commanded by Brigadier General A. von Steinwehr, an
ofl&cer of great merit, trained in the German school and possessing
the confidence of his superiors. Recognizing the importance of the
position in case the battle of the day went against us, the artillery
of the corps was massed on the summit and created havoc in the
burial-grounds as the teams and heavy guns crashed over the sodded
hillocks, or sent gravestones flying, regardless of everything save
the necessity of placing the guns to meet the enemy.
The infantry was located lower down on the slope of the hill,
taking advantage of the stone fences, which were numerous. This
force comprised two brigades (of four regiments each) under Colonels
Costar and Smith, and numbered about 3,000 men.
At the intersection of the Emmettsburg and Taneytown roads
the Fifty-Fifth Ohio was placed, holding the right of the brigade line
near the southwest corner of the town. The Seventy-third Ohio
joined on the left, and the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York
held the left of the position connecting with the Second Corps. The
Thirty-third Massachusetts was placed on the northeast side of the
hill, and came, by reason of this position, later in the action under
command of General Ames of the First Brigade.
The batteries of the corps were five in number. Four of these
took part in the battle of July i, and were, at the close of the day, in
need of rest and repairs. Six batteries were added by General Hunt,
Chief of Artillery of the Army of the Potomac, so that the position
was defended by no less than fifty-two guns on the morning of July 2.
The Confederate Army was making its fierce advance from the
northwest upon the Cashtown or Chambersburg Pike. General
Schurz was directed to advance through the town and gain position
on the right of the First Corps, but was unable to reach the position
desired, and fought the enemy on a line connecting with, but nearly
at right angles to, that of the First Corps. The artillery under
Captain Dilger was attacked by four batteries of the enemy coming
from the north, and was reinforced by Lieutenant Wheeler's New
York battery, and also by Lieutenant Wilkeson's regular battery.
The artillery was handled in a most efficient manner, dismounting
five guns of the enemy; but Ewell's troops appeared from the north-
Nathaniel C. McLean
Brigadier-General, U. S. V.
Orland Smith
Brevet Brigadier-General, U. S. V.
^%V^*!*^^
/■t "*V
James Wood, Jr.
Brevet Major-General, U. S. \'
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 97
east, and the First Division under General Barlow was deployed on
the right. The fighting was very severe, and the enemy was checked ;
but fresh troops appeared on the Harrisburg Road from the east,
and it soon became clear that a withdrawal to the heights was a
necessity. Heckman's battery was sent to stay the tide; the flanking
force was too strong, and Heckman withdrew at the last moment,
losing one gun. He had been engaged but thirty minutes, and in
that time expended 113 rounds of canister and suffered a loss of
fifteen men and nine horses.
At 4 p. M. the positive order to withdraw was given. Costar's
brigade was sent from Cemetery Hill through the town and took
position on the right near the edge of the town, where it held the
enemy until the troops could reach the position assigned them on
the slopes of the hill behind the town. The retiring commands of
both corps reached the village at about the same time, and the
streets, although wide and straight, were soon filled with a confused
mass of troops, artillery, and ambulances. The enemy pushed on
closely, and with musketry and artillery added to the confusion and
captured many men of the corps. General Schimmelfennig was
especially unfortunate, being concealed in the town for three days
during the battle.
A little after 4 p. m. General Hancock arrived. He had been
appointed by General Meade to take command of the left wing to
succeed General Reynolds, and was directed to take command of
the field upon his arrival. In a private letter written very soon after
the battle, Colonel Orland Smith, who commanded the reserve
brigade, describes General Hancock's arrival. He says:
After taking my position, and when everything looked Uke disaster, Gen-
eral Hancock arrived. He immediately rode along my lines and complimented
the men and the dispositions. He saw Captain Madeira and inquired who
commanded that brigade. On being told, he desired to see me. I was called
and introduced. Said he: "My corps is on the way, but will not be here in
time. This position should be held at all hazards. Now, Colonel, can you
hold it?" Said I, "I think I can." "Will you hold it?" "I will." And
we did. Though frer4uently under the most terrific fire, never during the whole
of it did a man of that brigade think of leaving that position unless wounded,
or dying While some brigades have fearful Usts of killed, wounded,
and missing, ours is confined to killed and wounded; we have very few missing.
98 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
At this moment General Hancock met General Howard, and
informed him of his order from General Meade to take command of
the field, at the same time stating that the order was a surprise to
him, and that he had not solicited the appointment. It was soon
agreed that this was not a time to discuss matters of etiquette, and
both generals set about the task of placing the troops as they arrived
at the position. The presence of a powerful artillery force, supported
by a well-ordered reserve, had a reassuring effect upon the disor-
ganized commands, and one incident may be noted here. As one
of the regiments marched past, the Colonel failed to recognize or
respond to the order to about face and form line facing the enemy,
and was leading his command to the rear. He was arrested and
another officer placed over the regiment, which, under a courageous
leader, responded with good will. In another case General Howard,
noticing some reluctance to halt and form Une when the bullets of
the enemy began to whistle from the buildings in the town, took the
colors from the hand of the color-bearer and, carrying them with
difl&culty under his only arm, started to the front of the new hne,
where a staff officer placed them in position. The whole brigade
saw the incident and came forward with a cheer. The importance
of Cemetery Hill as a rallying-point was more and more evident as
the lines extended to right and left. No doubt General Lee noticed
the well-ordered lines and the artillery crowning these heights, and
hesitated to order his corps to attempt its assault. The position was
circular in shape, and when the army was deployed the Une of battle
resembled a fish-hook, the right curving back to its point upon Gulps
Hill and the centre and left reaching the Round Tops in nearly a
straight Une facing west.
General C. H. Howard, at that time senior aide on the staff of
General O. O. Howard, his brother, had been sent at 4 p. M. with a
message to General Slocum, who commanded the Twelfth Corps.
This corps had bivouacked at Middletown, but nine miles from
Gettysburg, the night before, and, moving very leisurely, had reached
Two Taverns, about five miles from Gettysburg, at 11 a. m. Here
it rested in hearing of the battle tiU 2 p. m. Moving slowly, it had
at 4 p. M. arrived at a point on the Baltimore Pike but one mile from
the viUage, when a second and urgent message was deUvered by
General Howard, who recited the condition of affairs and requested
1863] THE CETTYSBUl G CAMPAIGN 99
him to send one of his divisions to the right and one to the left of
Cemetery Hill, and that he should come in person to the summit
of the hill. It is due to General Slocum to say that probably he
was influenced by the memorandum of General Meade relating to
a possible concentration of the army on the position chosen for that
purpose on Pipe Creek, and had been led to beheve that a battle
was to be avoided at Gettysburg. He also dreaded the respon-
sibihty of the command of the army, which his rank would have
demanded if he had been on the field. The presence of his corps
on the right at an earher hour would have checked the enemy and
prevented the confusion of the retreat. General Slocum reached
the summit of Cemetery Hill at 7 p. m. By this hour the Unes
had been formed, Wadsworth's division and the First Corps
occupying Culps Hill, with a division of the Twelfth Corps on the
right in support. Another division of the First Corps was formed
on the left of the Eleventh Corps, and the Second Division of the
Twelfth Corps was in reserve. The day had been a bloody one:
18,000 Union troops had successfully resisted more than 25,000
of the enemy, and had secured a commanding advantage in posi-
tion. The night was spent in forming the troops of the other
corps as they arrived. At 3 a. m., July 2, General Meade reached
the scene, coming from Taney town, and by the light of a full
moon rode the Hues and made his plans for the day's work. The
pickets and skirmishers kept up a skirmish fire which, as day broke
on the 2d of July, became deadly, and many incidents of courage
and daring were witnessed by the long lines of hostile soldiers arrayed
upon the widespread open fields, and upon the heights where the
artillery and infantry masses waited the command to advance. The
skirmishers of the Eleventh Corps were thrown out toward the
enemy and were sharply engaged during the whole battle. The
position was one of great danger, as the men were subjected to a fire
from both front and flank, and sharpshooters from the houses in the
town picked them off at every opportunity. Several instances of
great courage and endurance were exhibited by these men. Corporal
Charles Stacey, of Company D, received from the War Department a
bronze medal for daring and efficient work in this hne.
During a lull in fighting, but under cover of the smoke which
6601 04
lOO TRIALS AKD TRIUMPHS [1863
hung like a pall over the batlle-field, a company of Rebel sharp-
shooters had gained possession of a house between the lines, but so
low down the sweep of the hill that the Union artillery could not
be depressed sufficiently to dislodge them. Every shot from this
house brought down a man, an officer, or a horse, until the situation
became unbearable. To dislodge them was a dangerous mission.
It had to be done with a rush over mostly open space, and rushing
against trained and barricaded sharpshooters is not conducive to
long life. Volunteers were called for, and Captain F. H. Boalt
responded. He called for volunteers among the men of the regiment,
and instantly secured as many as were needed. He did not take
many, possibly twenty or twenty-five; more would have attracted
attention. With this Uttle force crawHng along the Taneytown road
leading into Gettysburg and keeping under cover as much as possible,
he was discovered by the Rebel line of battle before the sharpshooters
in the house had grasped the situation. There was but one thing
to do, namely, to go ahead, and that he did. He made a rush for
the house, captured it, and held it during the remainder of the battle;
most of the men, however, were afterwards taken by the enemy.
Tliis occurred when great history was being made, and beyond the
view of ordinary observers. It was one of many like incidents for
which medals of honor were issued; but Captain Boalt never made
any claim for superior valor. He was as modest as brave. His
death at the hands of an assassin many years after was mourned by
every survivor of the regiment, who remembered him as a brave
and gallant gentleman and a warm hearted comrade.
The main line of battle was protected by a stone wall, but the
losses from the sharpshooters were heav}'. The position was one
that tried the courage of both officers and men far more than active
fighting. Except for incidents like this the day was quiet. The ar-
riving troops of the Second, Third, and Fifth corps were placed in
fine as they reached the field. The Sixth Corps arrived last, having
been far away, and was massed in reserve near the bridge over
Rock Creek on the Baltimore Pike. At 4 p. m. the batteries on
the ridges west, north, and east of the village opened upon Ceme-
tery Hill, and the fire continued vigorously for about two hours.
Many projectiles fell among the troops, and many were killed
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1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN lOi
and wounded. In one case twenty-seven men were killed and
wounded by the explosion of a shell, but no man, unless wounded,
left the ranks. This artillery attack was replied to with great
spirit by the batteries on the hill, and especially on the east
the enemy suffered from it. As the firing ceased, the sounds
of infantry firing came to our ears from the left, where the fierce
attack of Longstreet upon General Sickles's Third Corps took place.
This desperate combat was fought on the left, near the Round Tops,
and was a determined effort to secure a footing on those elevations
from which the Union line could be enfiladed. The peculiar form
of the Union line of battle enabled General Meade to reinforce the
weak places in quick time, and after drawing into the storm of battle
the Third, Fifth, and Second corps. General Longstreet withdrew
his decimated command. Between six and seven o'clock the Second
Corps of the Confederate Army made a vigorous attempt to gain a
foothold upon our right. Gulp's Hill and the ravine of Rock Creek
was the scene, and finally the northeast side of Cemetery Hill became
the ground of one of the most determined and headlong assaults
ever made by any troops. Reinforcements from the First and from
the Eleventh Corps and Carroll's brigade of the Second Corps were
hurried and arrived just in time to defeat the attempt to gain the hill.
The charging enemy, by their desperate energy, actually reached the
batteries on the summit, the cannoneers repelling the charge with
rammers and hand-spikes before the infantry support reached the
scene. In this attack the Louisiana Tigers were almost destroyed.
The force defending the right flank had been depleted by the call for
help on the west front, and the Twelfth Corps had sent two divisions
in response. The division of General Ed. Johnson, of Ewell's corps,
had pushed into the deserted works and bivouacked that night
within a few rods of the Baltimore Pike, and but a short distance
from General Meade's headquarters. The morning of July 3
opened with one of the most terrific struggles of the battle, as
Greene and Geary attacked the intruders and at last wrested
from them this menace to the very heart of the army; for the
ammunition train was parked on the Baltimore pike but a mile
from the scene.
General Slocum's corps began the battle on the right at 3 130 a. m..
I02 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
and at 11 a. m. had succeeded in regaining its lines, having fought
eight hours without breakfast.
During this time the cavahry, under General Gregg, had defeated
General Stuart's cavalr}* on the Bonaughtown road, three miles east
of Gettysburg, in an attempt to ride around the Union right flank.
General Gregg had three brigades under Generals Custer, Mcintosh,
and Ir\ing Gregg, against the commands of the Confederate Generals
Fitzhugh Lee and Wade Hampton. The engagement was a furious
one, resulting in a loss of about 1,000 men on each side; but
General Stuart was foiled in his attempt, and soon found enough to
do in guarding the flanks of his own army. Upon the Union left,
near Round Top, Vivo brigades of cavahy- under General Kilpatrick
were at the same hour massing for an attack on the Confederate right
and rear. Two brigades of Longstreet's corps were \%"ithdrawn from
his fighting Une to defend the threatened flank. The Union cavalry
was adventurous and met with loss, but its senices were of value
in weakening the Confederate lines at a critical moment in the
battle.
After the repulse of Johnson's diWsion on the Union right flank
at II A. M., there was a lull in the battle. General Meade, being on
the defensive, now prepared to meet General Lee's next move, which
he felt would be an important one. He is reported to have said to
General Gibbon that General Lee had made attacks on both flanks
and had failed, and that his next assault would be in the centre. A
prominent landmark near the centre of the Union line of battle and
not far from the left flank of the Eleventh Corps was a small clump
of trees of umbrella shape, called Zeigler's Grove. The ridge at
this point is nearly flat. The ground declines gendy for a distance
of nearly a mile to the slope of Seminar}' Ridge. Near this grove
General Hunt, Chief of .\rtiller}-, posted about thirt}' pieces of
artiller}-. Upon Cemeter.- Hill he had akeady about fifty more,
and on the left, near Litde Round Top, were forty, besides thirt}'
pieces in the artillery reserve, a total of nearly 150 pieces available
for use to defend the line. Upon the Confederate side, the Chief
of Artillery was General Pendleton, but for this combat the work
of arranging the artiller}- was assigned to General E. P. Alexander,
a graduate of West Point, where he had studied his profession with
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 103
General Hunt. On the crest of Seminary Ridge and opposite
Zeigler's Grove he placed seventy-five guns, and also arranged the
artillery on the hills to right and left of this main battery so as to
deliver a converging fire on the point of assault. Altogether he could
muster about 150 pieces. The Confederate infantry detailed to
assault the Union centre was now massed near the main battery.
It consisted of twelve brigades or forty-six regiments of infantry,
comprising Pickett's division of the First Corps, Heth's division of
the Second Corps under Pettigrew, and several other commands —
in all about 18,000 men.
Before taking position, Longstreet tried to persuade Lee to adopt
some other plan, or at least choose another point for the assault, but
Lee was not to be moved.
At one o'clock the impressive silence wliich brooded over the
field was broken by a signal gun from the Confederate line, and in
thirty seconds more another like a warning knell boomed sullenly
forth. Another moment of silence, and then the most tremendous
artillery battle on record crashed over the field and along the lines.
Three hundred pieces of artillery flashed and thundered, sending
their dreadful bolts and bursting shells with fearful accuracy and
awful results. The whole two miles of battle-field was ablaze and
shrouded in smoke. The Confederate batteries were well served.
Their range was accurate, and the rounded top of the field where
the Union Hnes were placed was swept as with a besom of destruc-
tion. General Meade's headquarters, in a small farm-house near
the grove, was repeatedly struck. Sixteen horses of officers and
orderlies about headquarters were killed in a few minutes. Meade
himself was nearly hit, and he remarked to the officers about him
that they must seek other quarters if they expected to live. Fifteen
artillery caissons were exploded, and it became impossible to send
or receive orders in the storm of bursting shells and amid the smoke,
noise, and confusion of that unexampled tornado of Rebel wrath.
As Union batteries were put out of action, fresh ones from the reserve
were brought forward. It was noted that the fire of the Confederate
artillery was spread along the lines, and that the Union batteries
concentrated their fire on particular points. This terrible combat
continued for nearly two hours, when the fire of the Union batteries
T04 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
slackened by order of General Hunt, who wished to save ammunition
for the assault which he was sure would follow. The enemy, sup-
posing their grim work had silenced our guns, gradually ceased firing
also. General Lee is reported to have said to the officer in command
of the charging column, "You can go ahead now; you won't find
any one alive on that ridge."
From the elevation of Cemetery Hill a fine view of the plain and
of the opposing ridge can be had, and now the spectators on the
elevation saw the long lines of Confederate infantry take position
for their desperate assault of the Union centre. The assaulting force
was deployed in three lines with supporting lines in the centre and
brigades in column on the flanks. One spectator described it as
"acres of soldiers in solid mass." The front line, consisting of two
brigades of Pickett's Virginia division, covered nearly a mile. Six
brigades of Longstreet's corps supported the left, and three brigades
from Hill's corps supported the right. It was the very flower of the
Confederate Army.
As soon as this magnificent array reached the open field, directing
its march upon the grove, the artillery about the grove and Cemetery
Hill opened fixe with soHd shot and shell. The steady march was
not delayed; the gaps and empty spaces closed up, and like a storm
cloud, terrible in its irresistible force, the great mass came nearer and
nearer the Union lines. As soon, however, as the Rebel right flank
was presented to their view, the artillerymen of the Round Tops
began to throw from forty pieces a terrible storm of missiles, which
was so well directed as to well-nigh destroy that part of the column.
It was with the greatest difficulty that their officers prevented a panic
and retreat, for General Hancock's command now opened fire from
the front, and the artillery about the grove and cemetery used canister
with deadly effect. A Vermont brigade, just from the defences at
Washington, had been posted at an angle to the main line, and de-
livered an effective fire on the wavering Rebel right. On their left
Carroll's brigade of the Second Corps advanced square on their flank
with equal effect. The Confederate centre, however, now presenting
but a narrow front, led by General Armisted on foot, hat on sword,
and by General Garnett on horseback, reached the stone waU at
Zeigler's Grove, and for a moment it seemed as if the Union centre
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 105
had been pierced. A furious melee of troops almost without or-
ganization ensues, the dense masses fighting hand to hand; but the
Confederate column has no support and can do no more. As a great
tidal wave rolls in overwhelming force and sends its spray far up the
beach, so a few of the most adventurous reach the wall and vainly
struggle with fate; but the impulse was gone, and of the 18,000
valiant men who started on that fearful journey, barely half returned
straggling back to hear General Lee say, " Too bad; it's all my fault."
The general direction of the march of the left of the Confederate
column appeared at first to be straight upon the position of General
von Steinwehr's di\dsion, and preparations were made to meet the
assault; but the column moved to its right as it advanced, and although
Pettigrew's division was under fire at long range for a short time, but
little part was taken by the Eleventh Corps in repelling the charge.
Small wonder is it that General Meade, as the assaulting column
retired amid the storm of shot and shell which poured upon the
broken and retreating Unes, should reverently raise his hand and
ejaculate a fervent "Thank God!" for the frightful losses of the
Confederate Army were almost equalled upon the Union side. The
Rebel Army is computed to have lost in killed, wounded, and cap-
tured, 28,063 n^en, including five general ofl&cers killed, and nine
wounded. The official report of the Union losses is 23,049, with four
general officers killed, and thirteen wounded. In the artillery, Gen-
eral Hunt, Chief of Artillery of the Union Army, reported a loss of
737 men and 881 horses. Doubtless the Confederate loss was
equally great. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio in this battle numbered barely
320, and lost twelve killed, thirteen wounded, and eleven captured,
a total of thirty-six; many men, too, were used up by the hard
marches and exposure. The losses of both armies were 52,112 men
put out of action in three days. Nothing could more clearly demon-
strate the fighting qualities of the Anglo-Saxon race.
The night of July 3 was marked by a relief from the extreme
tension of the preceding days. A furious rainstorm came on about
midnight and drenched the field. Tents could not be pitched, of
course, and even the general officers were without the usual comforts
of camp. Even General Meade sat out the night exposed to the
driving rain. One of his biographers says that he did not get a
io6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
night's rest till the night of the 5th, and was almost exhausted by
the strain and loss of sleep.
On July 4 General Meade issued a general order to his army in
well-chosen words and reverent in tone, in which he commended it
for courage and endurance, and gave thanks to the Almighty for
the victory.
Under cover of the darkness and the rain, upon the night of July
3, General Lee withdrew his left wing from Gettysburg, and the next
morning found the Confederate Army occupying the heights of Oak
Hill, north of the Seminary, their line being straight from north to
south. Reconnaissances were pushed through the town, which was
occupied by the Union Army, and many prisoners, among whom
was General Schimmelfennig, were restored, to the ranks. The
Rebel skirmishers were as bold and active as ever and kept up a
deadly fire, but it was now possible to move about with some degree
of safety. It rained hard all the afternoon, and this may have
changed General Meade's purpose to push the enemy sharply with
the Fifth and Sixth corps on the left near the Round Tops. Con-
federate reports state that General Lee started his train to the rear
in the afternoon, under charge of General Imboden and his cavalry.
This train was seventeen miles in length. A large part of it consisted
of wagons used as ambulances for the wounded. General Imboden
declared he never realized the horrors of war so fully as upon that
night march, as he convoyed that procession of wagons filled with
groaning and shrieking men whose cries filled the air, and at every
halt unloading and burying those who had succumbed to their
wounds and whose cries had been stilled in death.
The Fourth of July was spent in gathering the wounded from the
field and in burying the dead. Rain came down in torrents, and it
was the afternoon of the 5th before the Eleventh Corps marched
from that field, now forever memorable. At the junction of the
Taneytown and Emmettsburg roads now stands a monument of
Ohio sandstone marking the position held by the regiment during
the battle. This spot, made dear to every member of the regiment,
and to those who cherish the memory of the men who here gave the
full measure of their devotion to the cause of Uberty, was almost
within the sound of the voice of President Lincoln, as he pro-
I
Monument Erected to the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, September, 1887
At the Crossing of the Emmettsburg and Taneytowx Roads, on the
Battle-field of Gettysburg
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 107
nounced the greatest of funeral orations upon the dedication of
the National Cemetery.
General Lee withdrew his army from the field of Gettysburg on
the night of July 4. Ha\ang sent his trains via Cashtown and
Chambersburg, he directed the infantry via the Fairfield road, which,
running southwest, covers and protects the former route. His aim
was to reach the Potomac at Williamsport and Falling Waters,
where a pontoon bridge had been laid. This bridge was broken
and destroyed by a Union force from Harper's Ferry, but was soon
replaced by boats made at Williamsport and other points above. On
July 7 the Confederate Army was deployed upon an elevated plateau
about three miles east of the Potomac. The line was more than seven
miles in length, having its right near the Potomac, where a bend in
the stream affords a position for defence. The line was near and
parallel to tlie Antietam River. The Union cavalry under General
Pleasonton pursued sharply on the Chambersburg road and cap-
tured a few wagons and some prisoners, but the Confederate Army
reached its position in fairly good order, and its trains were
sent safely across the river at Williamsport, where its lines were
fortified and an attack was expected.
General Meade pursued the retreating Confederates by directing
his army on lines parallel to and on the southeastern slope of South
Mountain. The First, Second, and Sixth corps moved via Em-
mettsburg, marching thence due south through Creagerstown and
thence to Middletown. The third column, the Twelfth Corps, and
General French's command, moved via Taneytown to Frederick,
where the railroad afforded facilities for a base of supplies.
The Fifty-Fifth, with its brigade, marched on Sunday evening,
July 5, to Rock Creek, five miles over a rough and muddy road, camp-
ing at II p. M. It rained furiously during the night, and the march
was constantly interrupted by the wagon-trains. On the 6th a march
of ten miles brought the command to Emmettsburg, where an after-
noon's rest near the college was a grateful relief. The march of
July 7 was a severe one, covering twenty miles over roads miry and
worn by the trains; but cherries were ripe, the air was warm, and the
army was pursuing the enemy — conditions to which the spirits of the
men responded — and, singing and joking, they at last made camp
Io8 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
six miles northeast of Middletown. The march of July 8 was a short
one, being l)ut four miles, leading through High Knob Gap of the
Catoctin Mountains; but mist and fog covered the hills and the com-
mand became confused in the pouring rain, marching back and forth
till the men were nearly exhausted. At noon the rain ceased. The
fog lifted, and the beautiful landscape of the Catoctin valley was
spread out before the eyes of the column as it wound down the
mountain, with the village of Middletown nestled in the middle of
the picture, surrounded by well-improved farms, whose yellow fields
of wheat and green orchards moved Comrade Henney almost to
forget his hunger as he made an admiring note in his diary. On
the gth a rest put the regiment in good condition, and when the
supply train unloaded a consignment of shoes, the barefooted re-
joiced. News of the capture of Vicksburg and its army under
Pemberton had reached the army on the 8th and filled all hearts with
rejoicing. July 10 the command marched through Turner's Gap
in South Mountain to Beaver Creek, seven miles from Boonsborough,
and rested that day and the next, while the corps on the left were
deployed to locate the enemy. Sunday, July 12, the corps moved
to Funkstown, seven miles, the First Division going on three miles
to Hagerstown. On the 13th the corps passed a quiet day massed
between Funkstown and Hagerstown, observing the enemy, whose
left flank could be plainly seen from the towers of the high buildings
in the viUage. General Lee was straining every nerve to cross his
army into Virginia by the ford at Williamsport and the bridge at
Falling Waters, in the mean time keeping up a bold front. His army
covered seven miles of front and was fortified. This, with a cheerful
order he had issued to his troops, deceived General Meade and his
corps commanders into the behef that his force was larger than it
really was. Upon the night of July 12 General Meade had called
his corps commanders to a council, at which a majority expressed
their opinion as against an attack on the enemy's lines. It was
afterwards^eported that three officers, namely, Generals Wadsworth,
Howard, and Pleasonton, had voted for an advance and a fight if
necessary. Generals Howard and Pleasonton were of the opinion
that General Lee's left flank was open to an attack from his left and
rear, which, if properly supported, would probably be successful.
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 109
General Meade was influenced by the negative vote, but decided to
move forward his whole army on the 14th. On that date the Eleventh
Corps marched to Williamsport, ten miles, only to find the defences
empty and the Rebel Army safely across the river. Undoubtedly
General Meade afterwards regretted his decision not to assault the
enemy at this time; with the Potomac flooded by the recent heavy
rains, his bridges gone, and with ammunition almost exhausted,
General Lee's case was a desperate one; but fortune favored him
and he escaped.
General Meade, on learning of the escape of the enemy, imme-
diately issued orders for pursuit, sending the First, Fifth, Sixth, and
Eleventh corps through Crampton's and Turner's gaps in South
Mountain to cross the Potomac at Berlin; and the Second, Third,
and Twelfth via Harper's Ferry. The Eleventh Corps on the 15th
made a long and exhausting march. Leaving WilHamsport early in
the morning and marching via Hagerstown and Funkstown, the
corps crossed South Mountain late in the day and camped at Middle-
town, having covered twenty miles. Rations were scarce, and the
roads were much cut up and heavy. The march of the i6th covered
ten miles via Jefferson to Berlin. It rained on the 17th, but the
Fifty-Fifth remained in camp and enjoyed the rest, while the Fifth
Corps crossed the river, and on the i8th still waited the crossing of
the First Corps. On Sunday, the 19th, the Eleventh Corps crossed
the Potomac at Berlin, and in spite of the oppressive weather,
covered eighteen miles, marching via Lovettsville and Waterford
to near Hamilton. The 20th was cooler and the march of eighteen
miles was not so difficult. The route was over a hilly country via
Mount Gilead to Mountsville. Camping before sunset gave the
boys a chance to forage for blackberries, which were just getting
ripe.
The command had two days' rest here and enjoyed the relief
from the hard work of the preceding week. Meade w^ desirous
of harassing the enemy as much as possible, but Lee had the Blue
Ridge and the Shenandoah River between his army and ours, and
could afford to allow his army time to recuperate. Meade marched
the Second, Third, and Twelfth corps to cover Snickers Gap, and
pushed on with the rest of his army to reach Ashby's Gap, and from
no TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
thence hoped to pass through Chester Gap, or possibly Manassas
Gap, and strike Lee's army in flank. He did not move fast enough,
and Lee had only to defend with his rear guard a feeble attack from
French's corps at Wapping Heights in the defile of Manassas Gap.
General French was a regular officer of mature years, who had suc-
ceeded General Sickles in command of the Third Corps. On July
29 the Fifty-Fifth marched to Aldie and made preparations to camp
there. The band complimented a Union lady there by playing
several pieces for her. At night orders came to return to Goose
Creek. The weather was very hot, and the abundance of black-
berries made an important addition to the rations. A hard march
of twenty-four miles on the 23d, in the intense heat, to New Baltimore,
will long be remembered; but an all-day rest on the 24th enabled
the men to recover their spirits and strength, which were both needed
on the 25th, for a severe march of seventeen miles was made before
noon to Warrenton Junction. The day was very hot and the roads
ankle deep with dust. The necessity for so severe a march does not
appear, but some one probably blundered. The command rested
at Warrenton Junction from the 26th to the 31st.
At 2 A. M. of August I orders to march were received, and the
brigade at daylight started on one of the hardest marches it ever
undertook. The distance was but twelve miles, but the route led
over a fairly level country, waterless and treeless. The day was one
of the hottest of the season, and the roadbed was composed of a
black slate which the sun heated to almost furnace heat. Most of
the command fell out on the way, and when the regiment arrived
at Brentsville there were but few guns to stack.
On August 2 another hot march of twelve miles brought the
command to Catlett Station, where camp was made and prepara-
tions for a long stay. On August 6 the First Division of the corps
under General Gordon left the army to reinforce the army operatmg
about Charleston, South Carolina. This division had been rein-
forced at BerUn by ten regiments, four of them being nine months
troops. It was a serious loss to the corps, which needed but the
encouragement which might have been given by reinforcements and
discipHne to be recognized as one of the best in the army. Captam
C. P. Wickham, who had been appointed an aide on the staff of the
Frederick H. Boalt
Captain, Company D
Francis H. Morse
Captain, Qompany' E
1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN iii
division commander during the campaign, went with the division to
Charleston, but afterwards returned to the Fifty-Fifth.
On August 18 the regiment broke camp again, and marched to
Bristoe Station, where it had been encamped the year before. But
few houses composed the place then, and they had disappeared to
make soldiers' huts and cookhouses. At this station, during the
retreat of Pope's army in 1862, a train of eighty cars loaded with
supplies for the Union Army had been burned when attacked by
Stuart's cavalry to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy.
The sheet-iron roofs that encumbered the right of way served a good
purpose in supplying material for soldiers' quarters. The strips
were nailed to posts set in the ground, and, with shelter tents for
roofs, good shelters were soon made.
At Bristoe Station, and along the Orange and Alexandria Railroad,
the Eleventh Corps covered the routes of supply to the rest of General
Meade's army, which was now posted on the left bank of the Rappa-
hannock River, the right resting on Waterloo Bridge, and the left
at Elhs Ford, the railroad being about midway and perpendicular
to the Une of the army. Cavalry protected the flanks.
The campaign now ended. During the fifty days from June 12
to August I the Eleventh Corps had marched 350 miles, enduring
heat, rain, and all the trials of one of the severest campaigns of the
war. The records show that the Army of the Potomac during this
time fought the enemy in sixty-seven different engagements, losing
a total of 32,043 men in killed, wounded, and missing, or captured.
The loss of the Confederate Army was fully as great and propor-
tionately much larger, especially as their losses could not be
restored.
Every soldier of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, and every loyal heart that
rejoiced in their brave and untiring efforts in this campaign, will
read with admiration the joint resolution passed by Congress,
January 28, 1864:
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled:
That the gratitude of the American people, and the thanks of their repre-
sentatives in Congress are due, and are hereby tendered to Major-General
Joseph Hooker, and the officers and soldiers of the Army of thePotomac, for the
H2 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
skill, energy, and endurance which first covered Washington and Baltimore from
the meditated blow of the advancing and powerful army of Rebels led by
General Robert E. Lee; and to Major-General George G. Meade, Major-Gcneral
Oliver O. Howard, and the officers and soldiers of that army, for the skill and
heroic valor which at Gettysburg repulsed, defeated, and drove back, broken
and dispirited, beyond the Rappahannock, the veteran army of the Rebellion.
CHAPTER VIII
THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE
THE month of September, 1863, found the Eleventh Corps
guarding the communications of the Army of the Potomac
upon the Hne of the Rapidan River in Virginia, where it confronted
the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia on ground already
famiUar to both commands. Having borne an honorable part in
the Gettysburg campaign, the corps had now returned to the scenes
of its former trials under Generals Pope, Burnside, and Hooker.
The First Division, under General Gordon, had been transferred
to the command besieging Charleston, and the two remaining
divisions numbered about 7,500 men.
On September 23 the following identical telegram was sent by
Secretary Stanton to Messrs. J. W. Garrett, President of the Balti-
more & Ohio Railroad, Baltimore; S. M. Felton, Vice-President of
the Pennsylvania Railway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Thomas
A. Scott, General Manager of the Pennsylvania Railway, Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania:
Washington, D. C., September 23, 1863. 11:15 p- m.
Please come to Washington as quickly as you can.
Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary.
These dispatches, among many others, indicated the decision of
the government to reinforce the army under General Rosecrans,
which, shattered by the disastrous battle of Chickamauga, was
maintaining a precarious foothold upon the left bank of the Tennessee
River at Chattanooga. The situation of that army was indeed
almost desperate. The Confederates, flushed with victory, had
drawn their Unes close about Chattanooga, holding on the west the
point of Lookout Mountain and the left bank of the river for some
miles beyond (a strong force being posted at Brown's Ferry), and on
the east holding Missionary Ridge to the mouth of Chickamauga
Creek.
"3
114 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
President Lincoln and his advisers at Washington now felt that
speedy action was imperative. The confidential reports of Charles
A. Dana, who was at this time visiting the armies of the West for
the purpose of arriving at and reporting the exact condition of affairs
to the President and the Secretary of War, indicated in most forcible
terms the necessity for reorganization and reinforcements, and es-
pecially for a change in commanders. Accordingly, orders were sent
to General Sherman to march the Fifteenth Corps to Stevenson,
Alabama, following and repairing the line of the Memphis and
Charleston Railroad in his movement. General Burnside's com-
mand had already arrived at Knoxville, but the necessity for retaining
a firm hold on the passes through the Blue Ridge to the east and a
painful lack of supplies prevented his movement toward Chattanooga.
Orders were issued calling General U. S. Grant to the command of
the Military Division of the Mississippi, which comprised the three
armies of the Ohio, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee. These
orders did not reach General Grant until October 13, when he at
once appointed General Sherman to succeed him as chief of the Army
of the Tennessee, and indicated his wish that General Thomas
should succeed General Rosecrans as Chief of the Army of the Cum-
berland.
On October 10 Jefferson Davis made a visit of congratulation
to General Bragg and his victorious army, and from the summit of
Lookout Mountain, pointing to the besieged Union Army, he
prophesied a bold campaign which would either destroy that army
or hurl it back to its farthest base.
Marching from the bank of the Rapidan, the Eleventh Corps,
on September 25, reported at Washington to General Hooker, who,
by order No. 427 of the War Department, upon that date had been
assigned to the command of the Eleventh and Twelfth corps. A
telegram from General Slocum, dated Brandy Station, September
25, to President Lincoln, contained a vigorous protest against serving
with General Hooker, and offered his resignation. Pending reply,
the Twelfth Corps, under General Slocum, followed the Eleventh
Corps to Washington and reported to General Hooker. The move-
ment of these two corps from Washington to Bridgeport, Alabama,
a distance of 994 miles, was a remarkable achievement. In addition
Ulysses S. Grant
General, U. S. A.
George H. Thomas
Major-General, U. S. A.
I
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 115
to the 7,500 men of the Eleventh Corps, the Twelfth Corps required
transportation for some 10,000 men. The batteries of the two
corps numbered twenty-five guns and twenty guns, respectively,
while the train of wagons and ambulances numbered 717 vehicles,
requiring 3,402 animals for their use. This immense army and its
material were transported to their destination in nine days, a triumph
of good management, due to the energy and talents of Quartermaster-
General IVIeigs, General McCallum, Director of Mihtary Railways,
and to the citizen railway officers who executed the movement. The
journey was full of interest and incident. The men were conveyed
in box cars, rudely seated, and accommodating some thirty-six to forty
men each; one passenger coach to each train provided partial quar-
ters for the officers, and the impedimenta were loaded in such equip-
ment as chance provided. The contrast with the luxurious mode
of modern conveyance is striking. The route followed was via the
Baltimore and Ohio Railway and the Pennsylvania fines to Louisville,
thence via the Louisville and Nashville and the Nashville, Chatta-
nooga and St. Louis roads, passing Wheeling, Columbus, Dayton,
Indianapofis, Louisville, and Nashville. An amusing incident
occurred en route. On September 27 Superintendent Smith, of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railway, wired Secretary Stanton that some
officer had directed that the Third Division, Eleventh Corps, be
held at Grafton for his arrival. The Secretary at once demanded
the name of the offender, and, learning that it was General Carl
Schurz (who then, as always, was ready to suggest improvements
upon existing methods), addressed him the following characteristic
dispatch :
War Department, September 27, 1863, 9:40 p. m.
Major-General Schurz, Fairmont.
Major-General Hooker has the orders of this department to relieve you
from command and put under arrest any officer who undertakes to delay or
interfere with the orders and regulations of the railroad officers in charge of
the transportation of troops.
Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War.
The energetic Secretary also suggested to the superintendent to
delay forwarding such telegrams until the troops had gone forward,
Il6 TRIALS! AND TRIUMPHS [1863
a method which had been followed by the train dispatcher. In
spite of his remonstrances General Schurz failed to reach the head
of his column. His final protest is dated October i, and bears an
indorsement, October 8, of General Hooker, to the effect that it
was fortunate that his repeated attempts had not caused delay.
General Hooker's orders forbade him to go beyond Bridgeport,
and his troops were, therefore, echeloned on the railway between
Nashville and Bridgeport, acting as guards against the formidable
cavalry raids set in motion by General Bragg, and being more readily
supplied than would have been possible nearer Chattanooga. The
Union cavalry, finding it impossible to subsist at Chattanooga, had
been distributed along the Tennessee River, both north and south
of Chattanooga, presenting but a feeble curtain to the aggressive
movements of the Confederate cavalry under Wheeler, Forrest, and
S. D. Lee. On September 29 General Lee, who occupied northern
Alabama, was directed to cross the river with a force of 2,500 well-
mounted men; and General Roddy, with his brigade of 1,500 men,
then at Tuscumbia, was ordered to join him. General Wheeler,
with some 4,000 efficient sabres and several batteries, on September
30 crossed the river at Cottonport, some sixty miles north of Chat-
tanooga, and directed his march upon Pikeville, in the Sequatchie
valley, marching all night, and thus reaching a commanding position
before the Union cavalry could concentrate to forbid his march
down the valley. By a most unfortunate chance, a provision train
of some three hundred wagons was en route from McMinnville to
Stevenson at the moment. Defeating the Union cavalry in detail,
General Wheeler sent the major part of his command against
McMinnville, where was a depot of considerable importance, and
with some 1,500 sabres made a dash at Anderson, which he reached
October 2, before help could arrive, and captured the entire train,
which was promptly destroyed. Retiring, and avoiding serious
fight, he joined his command before McMinnville, which he found
defended by only 600 men, and it fell a speedy prey with its depots
of subsistence, ammunition, and equipment. On October 4 General
Crook entered McMinnville, only to find smoking embers of the
stores, the rolling stock, station house, and neighboring bridges.
Pursuing sharply, General Crook prevented an attack upon Mur-
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 117
freesborough, but was unaole to avert the destruction of several
miles of the railroad between Murfreesborough and Wartrace.
General Wheeler avoided further fighting as far as possible, and
on October 9 crossed the river at Muscle Shoals. His successful
expedition compelled Rosecrans to put his command upon half
rations, and heavy rains destroyed the country roads so that he was
compelled Uterally to live from hand to mouth, and was in great
danger of famine.
About this date General Grant arrived at Cairo, and, having
been informed by the Secretary of War (who journeyed to Indian-
apohs to meet him) of the order of the President investing him with
the supreme command of the three great armies of the West, made
his plans for meeting the situation so alarming and so critical. He
wired General Thomas at Chattanooga on October 19 not to give
up the place at any price. The new commander of the Army of the
Cumberland repHed at once, "We will hold the town till we starve."
He did not have to face that dire necessity, for General Grant was
already on his way to Chattanooga, although suffering severely from
a fall with his horse which, since August, had prevented him from
mounting. He was to afford another instance of that method and
order which always followed his sole command. Instead of divided
commands and divided responsibihties, his iron will inspired respect,
confidence, and obedience, and success as uniformly followed.
On October 24 Mr. Dana telegraphed the Secretary of War from
Chattanooga as follows: "Grant arrived last night, wet, dirty, and
well."
The master was now at hand. General Halleck's reign was
ended. General Rosecrans had left his army on the 19th of October,
cheerfully sacrificing his feelings upon the altar of common devotion
to the cause. He met General Grant in his car at night (at Stevenson,
October 21), and cordially gave him considerable information as to
the situation and the proposed operations for rehef, and then passed
off the scene — more sinned against than sinning. General Grant
arrived at Stevenson October 21. Upon his arrival. General Howard,
accompanied by his staff, proceeded to the railroad station and called
upon him in his car. General Hooker's headquarters were at
Stevenson, and, learning of Grant's arrival, he sent a staff ofl&cer
Il8 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
to present his compliments and also an invitation to General Grant
to visit him. General Grant declined to leave the car, and re-
turned word by the officer that he would be pleased to see Gen-
eral Hooker in his car, if he wished to see him. The aide gal-
loped back to headquarters, and very soon General Hooker, with
his aides, appeared on horseback and made a formal call on Gen-
eral Grant in his car. General Grant spent that night in General
Howard's quarters at Bridgeport, making use of General Howard's
tent, which that officer vacated for him. Near the foot of the
camp-bed he spied a flask of whiskey and said to General Howard,
"That looks suspicious, General." "Yes," said General Howard,
"but that is not my flask. It was left by General Rosecrans, who
occupied my tent one night on his way North. I do not use whiskey,
and cannot tell its quahty. WiU you try it?" "No," repliefl
Grant, "I do not drink whiskey. I do not drink at all." And so
that flask did not lose any of its contents that night.
General Grant's first eff'ort was to supply the starving army. A
plan, first suggested by General Rosecrans, had been matured by
General Thomas and General William F. Smith, Chief Engineer,
Army of the Cumberland. At daybreak on the 24th, General Grant,
in company with Generals Thomas and Smith, visited the scene of
operations, approved the plan, which was simple and practical, and
at once ordered it put into operation. The whole army knew before
the day was ended that a master's hand had seized the helm. The
problem was by no means an easy one. The Tennessee River,
flowing southwest from Chattanooga, is soon deflected to the east
and then to the north by the mighty base of Lookout Mountain.
The peninsula formed by the eccentric course of the river resembles
the moccasin worn by Indians, and is called Moccasin Point. Op-
posite Chattanooga this peninsula is a little over three-fifths of a
mile in width, and a direct road from Chattanooga to Brown's Ferry
affords an ideal route for supplies. Farther to the west and south
Raccoon Mountain dominates the river and the pass over the base
of Lookout Mountain, as well as the roads leading to the upper
crossings of the Tennessee. It will always be a mystery to the
mihtary student why General Bragg did not occupy the terraces of
Raccoon Mountain. It was the key to the situation, and had it
Henry B. Warren
First Lieutenant, Company D
DA^•ID A. Warren
First Sergeant, Comp.vny C
Commissioned Second Lieutenant
July io, 1865 (not iia'STERED)
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 1 19
been boldly occupied the fate of the Army of the Cumberland would
have been soon decided. Between the mouth of Lookout Creek
and Brown's Ferry a range of low hills, steep and well wooded
divides Lookout Valley. Between the narrow wooded crests of
these hills runs the railway, the road from Brown's Ferry to Kelly's
Ferry, and the road over the base of Lookout Mountain to Chat-
tanooga. General Smith at once perceived the value and impor-
tance of this ridge of hills to the success of the scheme he proposed,
and reported a plan, which was accepted and put in action at once.
On October 24 General Thomas directed General Hooker to
mass his command at Bridgeport, leaving one division of the Twelfth
Corps to guard the railroad between Murfreesborough and Bridge-
port, and at the same time ordered General Granger to send the
First Division of the Fourth Corps and one brigade of the Fourteenth
Corps and a battery to cover Rankin's Ferry and Love's Ferry upon
the right bank of the river opposite Shellmound and Whitesides, to
support and reinforce Hooker's command, should it be necessary.
General Grant also immediately sent a telegram to General Sherman
as follows: "Drop everything east of Bear Creek and march for
Stevenson at once." This telegram did not reach General Sherman
until the 30th, having been forwarded to General Crook at Athens
by wire, and by him intrusted to Corporal Pike, an intelligent and
adventurous soldier, fond of daring enterprises, who paddled down
the river alone in a canoe, and, fortunately escaping the guerrillas,
reached the Union lines at Tuscumbia, and was at once sent by
General Blair to General Sherman at luka. General Sherman
had foreseen the possibility of an order of this nature, and pushed
forward his three divisions without a moment's delay, at the same
time ordering forward from Memphis Dodge's division of the Six-
teenth Corps, 8,000 strong, and Tutde's division of the Fifteenth
Corps, from Vicksburg.
On the 31st of October General Grant had under his hand in
the three departments of the Cumberland (97,016), the Ohio (49,367),
and the Tennessee (84,159) — 230,558 men of all arms, all moving upon
practical lines to one purpose. The operations proposed by General
Smith were enlarged by General Grant, who arranged for a move-
ment by which the armies under Generals Thomas and Hooker
I20 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
should unite at Brown's Ferry. Combined operations of this nature
are dangerous, and must be carried out with great precision to avoid
failure; but the troops were veterans, and General Grant's instruc-
tions could not be misunderstood. General Smith had charge of
the movement to capture the guard at Brown's Ferry and lay a
pontoon bridge at that point. At about 4 a. m. on the 28th fifty
pontoons, each one loaded with twenty-four men and one officer,
and two floats, carrying sixty men each, all of Hazen's brigade.
Fourth Corps, silently pushed off from the wharf at Chattanooga,
and, concealed by a shght mist which covered the water, and hugging
the farther shore, drifted the six miles which intervened, passing
the enemy's pickets, and at daylight disembarked almost unnoticed
at Brown's Ferry. When the enemy perceived the danger it was
too late. The combat was sharp for a few moments, but Generals
Hazen and Turchin soon brought forward the rest of their brigades,
which had been hidden upon the peninsula, and Brown's Ferry was
won. The Confederate batteries on Lookout Mountain essayed the
destruction of the bridge, but to no purpose, and by noon the passage
was secured. The Union loss was twenty-one killed and wounded.
Meantime General Hooker had followed his instructions to the
letter. Early in the morning of October 27 General Howard moved
his command across the pontoon at Bridgeport. It consisted of two
divisions of the Eleventh Corps, under Schurz and Von Steinwehr, and
had two companies of cavalry as advance guards. General Geary
followed with one division of the Twelfth Corps. The route lay
along the base of Raccoon Mountain, following the line of railroad
to Running Water Creek, and passed Shellmound near a cave re-
markable only for the nitre works which had been operated by the
enemy. Four roads from the southeast required picketing as the
command advanced. The road was exceedingly rough, and, as
caution was necessary, progress was slow; but the corps camped at
Whitesides at 8 p. m. and spent an anxious night hstening to the
roar of the pontoon wagons as they jolted over the rocky mountain
road en route to Love's Ferry, near Shellmound.
At 5 A. M. on Tuesday, October 28, the column advanced,
General von Steinwehr's division leading. The head of the command
debouched into Lookout Valley through the pass now called Hooker's
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 121
Gap, about noon, and halting, the column was massed until all the
troops had assembled. Scouts and cavalry preceded the movement,
which continued without interruption to Wauhatchie. Lookout
Valley is about two miles in width, and is completely overlooked by
the lofty crests of Lookout and Raccoon mountains on either side.
A range of hills some 300 feet in height, broken with narrow wooded
crests, divides the valley for some three miles. From the lofty pali-
sades of Lookout a Rebel signal flag waved defiance to the column
and advised Generals Bragg and Longstreet of our numbers. In-
deed, these generals were on the mountain at the time and had full
knowledge of the movement from personal observation — for General
Bragg had up to that moment refused to credit the reports which
Longstreet had pressed upon his attention that the Union forces
were about to advance by Whitesides and Wauhatchie. The columns
marching below him were proof positive, and he directed General
Longstreet to move against the enemy with two divisions at once.
Following the Eleventh Corps, General Geary reached Wauhatchie
at 4:30 p. M., and, fatigued with the hard marching of the day, v/ent
into camp, not, however, without taking extraordinary precautions
against surprise. General Howard continued his march from Wau-
hatchie about 2 p. M., and about one mile from that point encountered
the enemy in small force, apparently. -General Longstreet had
placed a brigade on Raccoon Mountain near the river some days
previously, and his sharpshooters had driven the Union trains from
the road upon the north side of the river. Scouts and skirmishers
from this force retired before Howard's advance, but the artillery
posted on the point of Lookout vigorously shelled the column. So
Httle attention was paid to this artillery practice that at the junction
of the Chattanooga and Brown's Ferry roads the marching column
passed General Hooker, sitting on his horse quietly, as if to assure
the troops that there was no sort of danger; and at 4:30 p. m. the
Army of the Cumberland and the Army of the Potomac shook hands,
rejoicing at giving and receiving timely aid.
The two divisions of the Eleventh Corps bivouacked near Brown's
Ferry, Von Steinwehr's division on the left and Schurz's division on
the right, just covering the valley from the river to Raccoon Moun-
tain and facing south toward Wauhatchie.
122 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
General Geary, at Wauhatchie, was some three miles from
Howard at Brown's Ferry, and Longstreet was not slow to see the
opportunity for a surprise and a night attack on both commands;
but the divisions promised by General Bragg were so late in arriving
that he supposed the plan had been dropped, until General Jenkins,
commanding Hood's division, reported at 6 p. m. that his command
was in position and that McLaw's division had not been ordered
forward. General Jenkins was a gallant soldier and persisted in
attempting the enterprise with his command alone. Accordingly,
about 10 p. M., the outposts of Schurz's division, posted near the
road, which, crossing Lookout Mountain and Lookout Creek, runs
east to Kelly's Ford, were disturbed by the advance of the enemy,
and the Union forces began picket firing, which alarmed both
General Howard and General Geary; but it soon sub.sided. The
bright moonlight of the October night enabled General Jenkins to
place his troops with precision, and about midnight Bratton's brigade
made a sudden and determined attack on Geary's isolated command
of some 1,500 men. The contest was fierce and the valley re-echoed
with the din of arms as the intrepid Geary repelled an attack which
at one time almost enveloped his command. Major C. H. Howard,
senior aide upon the staff of General O. O. Howard, was awake
and was writing in his tent a letter to his sweetheart when the noise
of battle of Wauhatchie broke the silence of the night. Possibly the
boys and girls who comprise General C. H. Howard's family may
take some romantic interest in that letter; but at any rate he was
awake about 11 p. m. and gave the alarm when the picket firing
began. General Howard at once sent him to Von Stein wehr with
orders to drive the enemy from his front, and another aide to
General Schurz directing the latter to march his division quickly
toward the firing, which was in the direction of Wauhatchie, and
which grew heavier every moment.
General Howard himself, with a squadron of cavalry, struck out
for Geary's command at once, bearing to the right along the foot-
hills of the Raccoon Range. He reached Geary just after his son.
Lieutenant Geary, had been killed, and brought him the cheering
news that Schurz had been ordered to march his division to his aid
and ought to arrive very soon, or at least reach the flank of the
1
Henry B. Warren
First Lieutenant, Company D
Daa'id a. Wakrkn
First Sergeant, Company C
Commissioned Second Lieutenant
July lo, 1865 (not mustered)
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 123
attacking force. General Howard had galloped rapidly with his
escort and on the way fell in with some of the enemy who had strag-
gled in the darkness in the woods. When asked to what commands
they belonged, these men repUed, to Alabama and other Confed-
erate regiments. General Howard called out to them to fall in, and
took them along without explaining at the moment that he was a
Union officer. The capture of these troops confirmed the idea that
General Longstreet had attempted a night attack on the Twelfth
Corps, and, guided by the artillery and infantry firing, he was soon
at Geary's side, who was hard pressed and greatly reheved to learn
that the Eleventh Corps was on the way to his aid. The three
brigades of General Schurz turned out with rapidity and were under
arms before midnight. Tyndale's brigade, moving toward Geary,
was fired upon from the hill south of the Chattanooga Road, and
General Hooker, who, at sound of firing, was in the saddle, directed
him to advance and drive the enemy from the hill. The firing from
Tyndale's Hill delayed the march of Hecker's brigade about forty-
five minutes, but he at last received orders to move, and joined
General Geary about 5 a. m. In the mean time Colonel Orland
Smith's brigade of the Second Division had marched upon the
Brown's Ferry road south to the sound of battle, and, passing near
the hill just north of the Chattanooga road, was fired on by the
scouts of Law's brigade, which was intrenching on the hills at the
foot of which the Second Division was marching to the sound of
Geary's battle. Halting the command, Colonel Smith prepared for
offense. Major Howard at this moment arrived with an inquiry from
General Howard and an order to attack at once. Colonel Smith
had at hand but three regiments, the Thirty-third Massachusetts,
Seventy-third Ohio, and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York,
the Fifty-Fifth Ohio having been placed on picket at once upon
arriving at Brown's Ferry. Two officers of that regiment. Lieu-
tenants Boalt and Osborn, not being on duty, attached themselves
to the Seventy-third Ohio, and took part in the engagement. Colonel
Smith, placing the Seventy-third Ohio and the Thu-ty-third Massa-
chusetts in line (the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York
being in reserve), gave orders to storm the hill with the bayonet.
The first attempt was not successful, but, making a second effort,
124 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
placing the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York on the left,
the brigade of but 700 men crowned the hill and dislodged Law's
brigade of some 1,500 men, capturing about forty men, together
with a quantity of intrenching tools. The loss of Smith's brigade
was 162 killed and wounded, among the former being Captain Book-
waiter, of the Seventy-third Ohio, and among the latter Colonel A.
B. Underwood, of the Thirty-third Massachusetts. This feat of
arms received, as it deserved, heartfelt praise from General
Thomas, and an especial tribute from General Meigs, Quarter-
master-General, who was on the field the next day.
The failure of Law's brigade to arrest the movement of the
Eleventh Corps alarmed General Jenkins, who withdrew Bratton's
brigade at once and retired his entire command as day broke upon
the field. Geary had lost some 216 men and the enemy probably
twice as many. This failure of the Confederates to drive away the
reheving force under Hooker surrendered the line to the Union force.
Mitchell's and Whitaker's brigades of Davis's division, Fourteenth
Corps, reinforced General Hooker, and wagon-trains of provisions
at once began to move from Kelly's Ferry by the new and short
route to Chattanooga, thus insuring full suppHes to the starving
army; for steamers loaded with provisions had followed Hooker's
expedition, and both the route via Whitesides to Brown's Ferry and
the Jasper route were made use of.
As day broke on the hills, since dignified with the names of the
victors (Smith's Hill and Tyndale's Hill), a general strange to the
command strode down the line, attracting attention by his energetic
praise of the action and his vigorous comphments to the troops.
It was General P. H. Sheridan, who, at the sound of cannon, had
mounted his horse in Chattanooga and traversed the difficult road,
crossing the river twice, to satisfy himself of the success of the scheme
to supply the army, and to welcome the victors. During the day
General Hooker formed a strong line and his command of the river
below Chattanooga was not again threatened. The Fifty-Fifth
Ohio was posted on Smith's Hill and for some weeks picketed the
bank of Lookout Creek while the wagon-trains moved continuously
from Kelly's Ferry to Chattanooga, passing under the fire of the
batteries on Lookout Mountain, but without casualties. The com-
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 125
niand was camped just under the brow of the hill and lost but one
man from the enemy's fire during the occupation. General Schurz,
having failed to reinforce General Geary as General Hooker had
ordered and intended, was made the subject of uncomplimentary
remark in General Hooker's report of the battle. He demanded,
as did also Colonel Hecker, a court of inquiry, and exhibited much
skill in his defence before the court, which exonerated him. Colonel
Hecker was reheved of blame, having been able to show that the delay
of his command was by order of General Hooker himself.
The conduct of the two corps from the Army of the Potomac
in the engagements in Lookout Valley received ample praise in the
following telegram from Quartermaster- General Meigs to Secretary
Stanton :
Chattanooga, October 29, 1863.
E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Last night the Eleventh Corps entered upon this central campaign. Gen-
eral Geary, some four miles up the Lookout Valley, being attacked by Long-
street, the Eleventh Corps marched to his aid, and in a night attack accom-
plished one of the most brilliant feats of the campaign. Only after walking
over the ground to-day do I fully appreciate the exploit. The whole affair is
most creditable to those troops from the Army of the Potomac.
M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster-General.
On November 7, also. General Thomas issued a complimentary
order, in which he said:
The column under Major-General Hooker, which took possession of the
line from Bridgeport to the foot of Lookout Mountain, deserve great credit for
their brilhant success in driving the enemy from every position which they
attacked. The bayonet charge made by the troops of General Howard uj^
a steep and difScult hill, over two hundred feet high, will rank among the most
distinguished feats of arms of this war.
The tide of fortune, which up to this time had so signally favored
the Confederate cause, now began to set strongly in favor of the
Union armies. The Confederate troops, seeing the situation grad-
ually changing against them, demanded to be led to new enterprises.
But General Bragg had not secured the confidence of his army.
The tremendous losses at Chickamauga, dissensions among the
generals, and inaction in the presence of an enterprising foe discour-
126 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
aged the rank and file of his array. At a council of war held Novem-
ber 3, General Longstreet had proposed a movement against Hooker
in Lookout Valley, and had urged, also, the abandonment of the
lines about Chattanooga, taking position behind the Chickamauga
and moving in force against Burnside in East Tennessee. His argu-
ments were unsuccessful, and he felt that he did not possess the con-
fidence of the General-in-Chief, who, cold, distant, and living within
himself, did not know how to make himself popular with either his
generals or his soldiers. Bragg's total force now consisted of about
64,000 men. General Burnside had posted the Army of the Ohio
upon the southeastern slope of the Cumberland Mountains, occupy-
ing Knoxville. His right extended to the Tennessee at Loudon,
the cavalry holding Philadelphia, three miles south of that river.
The Confederate General, Samuel Jones, with a small division,
threatened his left on the Watauga River. General Bragg, appre-
ciating the movement of Sherman toward Grant's right, proposed to
send Longstreet with his corps of 20,000 men against Burnside,
and by a quick movement crush the Army of the Ohio and return
in time to meet the reinforcements under Sherman. Misjudging the
force required, he withheld Walker's division at the last moment,
and General Longstreet moved on November 4, having a force of
about 15,000 men, to meet and defeat General Burnside, vdth an
available fighting army of 20,000 men. General Burnside was alert
to the situation. He retired before General Longstreet slowly, re-
tarding his march and delaying without fighting more than was
necessary, and kept Longstreet so fully employed that General Bragg
was constrained on November 23 to send him aid, part of which was
recalled in great haste by the threatening events which culminated
in disaster.
In the mean time General Sherman was pushing his column
along with all the energy of which he was capable. The situation
is well described in one of his inimitable letters to Admiral Porter,
with whom he kept up a breezy correspondence. Writing from
luka, October 25, he says:
"It is not villainous saltpetre that makes one's life so hard, but grub and
mules. Still, we will make it all right."
General Grant appreciated the fact that General Bragg had
Charles D. Robbins
Captain, Company F
Edward Bromley
Second Lieutenant, Company G
Killed Nov. 24, 1863, in Battle
OF Missionary Ridge
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 127
repaired his losses in great measure, and, advised of Longstreet's
departure, was anxious to strike the depleted enemy, for General
Bragg's army, on November 15, after Longstreet's departure, com-
prised only about 43,000 infantry; but it had 112 pieces of artillery
and some 12,000 cavalry; and he awaited the arrival of General
Sherman with anxiety. We can understand his pleasure at learning,
on November 15, from General Sherman in person, that his head of
column was at Bridgeport, and that he would have his command
massed by the 17th.
The plan of operations which General Grant had matured during
the long wait for Sherman's command proposed to attack the Con-
federate Army upon the north end of Missionary Ridge, where it
slopes down to the Tennessee River, and by bringing successively
his divisions to bear from left to right, complete the movement
by turning the left of the Confederate line, which rested upon Look-
out Mountain. He had at his command nearly 60,000 men, but
the execrable roads, made worse by a furious storm, delayed the
movement, which was set for November 20. The intention was to
place the Eleventh Corps upon Moccasin Point Peninsula, where it
could reinforce Hooker at Wauhatchie or Sherman at the north end
of Missionary Ridge.
The head of General Sherman's command did not reach Brown's
Ferry until the 20th, the rear of the column being still near Bridge-
port, and the operation was suspended until the 22d. A fierce
storm on the 21st threatened the safety of the pontoon at Brown's
Ferry, after two divisions of the Fifteenth Corps had crossed, and
Ewing's and Osterhaus's were unable to pass — and the 23d was
set for the day of battle. At i P. M. on the 2 2d the Eleventh Corps
crossed the pontoon at Brown's Ferry and at nightfall bivouacked
in Chattanooga upon the slope of the plateau crowned by Fort Wood,
having at last joined hands with its comrades of the Western Army.
The passing of Sherman's forces over the pontoon bridge at Brown's
Ferry was of course noted and reported to General Bragg; but he
does not seem to have apprehended General Grant's design, and,
evidently supposing the movement was one to reinforce Burnside,
on the 2 2d directed General Buckner to move two brigades to
reinforce Longstreet, now pressing hard upon Knoxville. Other
128 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
troops were detached toward Gordon's Mills, which Ewing's divi-
sion had seemed to threaten from Trenton. On the 23d, there-
fore, the Eleventh Corps, massed before Fort Wood, witnessed the
deployment of the Army of the Cumberland as it left the Hnes about
Chattanooga and advanced upon the enemy which had so lately
held it at bay.
The massing of the Eleventh Corps upon the sloping plateau
northeast of Chattanooga had not escaped the attention of the Con-
federate generals. An eye-witness, who was in fact telegraph
operator for General Bragg during the battle, related this incident
to the writer. It was the custom for the Confederate general officers
to assemble at General Bragg's headquarters daily soon after the
morning meal, for conference and to observe the Union Army, whose
lines were in full view. On this morning General Bragg announced
that his spies had reported Grant's arrival in Chattanooga,
and that the massing of troops on the slope was e\adently vdth the
intention of holding a review in his honor. General Breckenridge
stood apart, intently regarding the Union lines through his field-glass
for some time; but at length, shutting up his glass abruptly, he
strode to the group and remarked, "General Bragg, in about fifteen
minutes you are going to see the damnedest review you ever saw.
I am going to my command." The remark broke up the session,
all the officers following his example at once, and soon the "review"
began.
It would be difficult to imagine a grander theatre for a great battle
than the one upon which Grant's 60,000 soldiers were to manoeuvre
against the 43,000 of Bragg. From the frowning mass of Lookout
upon the south, to the north where Missionary Ridge abuts upon
the waters of the Tennessee, the numerous elevations of the plain,
nearly two miles in width, afiforded unusual opportunity for the pomp
and circumstance of war. It is interesting to note the composition
of the forces arrayed for deadly contest. On the right. General
Hooker's command was composed of one division from the Army
of the Potomac (Geary's, of the Twelfth), one from the Army of
the Cumberland (Cruft's, of the Fourth Corps), and one from the
Army of the Tennessee (Osterhaus's, of the Fifteenth Corps), num-
bering in all 9,680 men. In the centre General Thomas had two
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 129
divisions of the Fourth Corps under General Granger, and two
divisions of the Fourteenth Corps under General Palmer, with two
divisions of the Eleventh Corps under General Howard. Upon the
left General Sherman had, besides the two divisions of the Fifteenth
Corps, General Jefferson C. Davis's division of the Fourteenth
Corps and General John E. Smith's division of the Seventeenth
Corps.
The movement of General Sherman's command to its assigned
position opposite the north end of Missionary Ridge being practi-
cally assured. General Grant ordered a reconnaissance in force by
Wood's division of the Fourth Corps, supported by Sheridan,
Howard's Eleventh Corps being in reserve. From the summit of
Fort Wood, from Cameron Hill and numerous other elevations,
groups of spectators watched the initial movements of the battle, —
Generals Grant, Thomas, Granger, Wood, Hunter, Quartermaster-
General Meigs, Assistant Secretary C. A. Dana, and other important
officials. On the other side the novelty of the spectacle caused the
Confederate officers to group themselves at points of vantage and
to become targets for the great guns which began hurling missiles
from Fort Wood and the fort on Cameron Hill. Wood's division
of the Fourth Corps deployed and moved forward to its outposts
immediately in front of the Eleventh Corps, Hazen's brigade on
the right and Willich's brigade on the left, with Beatty in support
of the left near Citico Creek. General Sheridan's division prolonged
the hne to the right, the Fourteenth Corps continued the formation
to Chattanooga Creek. The right division formed en echelon.
From the elevated position of the Eleventh Corps the scene
was magnificent, as at i p. m. the Union line advanced, preceded
by a cloud of skirmishers. There was sharp fighting at several
points on the Une, but in a short time Orchard Knob was taken,
and on the right, where Hazen's command met with severe' resist-
ance. Brushy Hill was captured. All the ground taken was covered
with breastworks. Bridge's battery of the Fourth Corps, Lieutenant
Merkle's regular battery, and Dilger's Ohio battery of the Eleventh
Corps were sent forward to points on the advanced line, and their
volleying discharges during the rest of the afternoon assured us of
the complete possession of the line. At 3 p. m. General Howard
I30 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
deployed the Eleventh Corps upon the left of Granger's corps,
General Schurz upon the right, General von Steinwehr upon the left.
Tyndale's brigade of the Third Division connected with Sam Beatty's
brigade of the Fourth Corps, the left of the corps resting upon
Citico Creek, a small stream running northwest from Missionary
Ridge to the Tennessee River. Preceded by a strong skirmish line,
the corps was rapidly moved forward, driving the enemy over the
East Tennessee Railroad, where the hne rested, the skirmish hne
of Smith's brigade occupying an elevation upon which was a brick
house that had been used as a defence by the enemy. Colonel
Orland Smith, commanding the brigade, reconnoitred the position,
and during the evening adjusted the hne to the situation. In this
advance the Thirty-third New Jersey was for the first time engaged,
losing three killed and twenty wounded.
During this afternoon's engagement the Eleventh Corps was
more directly under the eye of General Grant than at any other
time. Reports from the front were taken to him while he made his
headquarters in Fort Wood, and he sent orders directly to General
Howard approving of his dispositions. One of these orders, written
in pencil by General Grant in his own order book, wnth date and
hour, and handed by him to a staff officer to take to General Howard,
was, afterwards, when the battle was over and the fruits of victory
fully reahzed throughout the country, sent to the Sanitary Fair at
Cincinnati, and sold at auction to raise funds for the hospitals. It
brought, as was reported, the sum of $1,100. About 5 p. m. General
Grant, with General Thomas and a small retinue of staff officers,
visited the hne of battle of the corps. The skirmishing was still
sharp and bullets flew across the field as they reached the line.
There was some good-natured chaffing about the propriety of
ducking when it was certain to be too late, but it was agreed that it
was proper to dodge the big ones.
The morning of the 24th found the lines well protected by earth-
works and rifle pits, but the Fifty-Fifth Ohio lost a valuable officer —
Lieutenant Bromley — by the fire of a sharpshooter on the line of
the East Tennessee Railroad. The Seventy-third Ohio was at 9 a. m.
sent across Citico Creek near its mouth, and, deploying a strong
line, swept the front of the left flank clear of the enemy as far as
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 131
the East Tennessee Railroad. This regiment was retained in this
position to cover a later movement. All that day the line rested,
bat the day was not one of rest for the soldiers of Hooker's com-
mand in Lookout Valley. Although complete strangers to each other,
the divisions under Cruft, Geary, and Osterhaus were not unknown,
for each command had a history which commanded respect and
confidence. At 8 a. m. the Twelfth Corps, under Geary, moved up
Lookout Creek beyond the lines of Stevenson's division, which occu-
pied the western front of the mountain, and, ascending the steep
slope till its right rested upon the palisade near the top, turned to
the north and began the movement which ended late at night with
the complete overthrow of the enemy. From the picket line of the
Eleventh Corps the smoke of battle was visible and the distant roar
of heavy guns was heard as the batteries on Moccasin Point battered
the sides of the mountain wherever the retreating enemy appeared.
As the victorious flags passed the Craven House at dusk, and the
flashes of the guns were visible in the darkness late at night, great
exultation fifled our hearts. Lookout Mountain had fallen and
General Hooker's command was now the right wing of Grant's army.
During the 24th, while the Army of the Cumberland threatened
the Confederate force upon Missionary Ridge, and while Bragg
was forced to witness the turning of his left flank without the power
to hinder or stay the disaster. General Sherman had completed the
massing of his army and its artillery opposite the mouth of the South
Chickamauga. General Giles A. Smith's brigade had reached the
banks of the North Chickamauga prepared to embark in the pontoon
boats which would compose the bridge. Frequent and violent rain
storms had caused the river to rise so rapidly as to carry away the
Brown's Ferry Bridge, by which accident Osterhaus had found him-
self under the orders of General Hooker. This morning, therefore,
found General Sherman's command actively engaged at a very early
hour in crossing the Tennessee opposite General Bragg's right flank.
Giles A. Smith's brigade made use of the pontoon boats, floating
down from North Chickamauga to the mouth of South Chicka-
mauga Creek, and at 2:30 a. m. effected a landing on the left bank,
surprising and capturing the Rebel picket. By daylight a force of
8,000 men had entrenched themselves and fortified the bridge head.
132
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
The steamer Dunbar came up from Chattanooga and was of great
service in crossing the horses of the officers and of the artillery.
The bridge was completed by i p. m., and Sherman's whole force
at once crossed and took position for offence. On the 2 2d General
Howard had prepared for connecting with Sherman's command by
placing Wheeler's Thirteenth New York Battery on a prominent
knoll upon the north bank of the river, where his guns commanded
a good portion of the interval between Fort Wood and the railroad
tunnel through the ridge. Being called to open communication with
Sherman's right, about 9 a. m., with three regiments of Buschbeck's
brigade and a small escort of cavalry, he marched on a road near
the river at very considerable personal risk from the enemy's sharp-
shooters, and arrived at the pontoon just as the last boat was placed
in position. General Sherman himself was on this boat and re-
sponded heartily to the welcome given him by the one-armed general,
who was henceforth to be for the rest of the war his faithful and
trusted Ueutenant. General Howard had taken the precaution to
deploy Krzyzanowski's brigade on the northeast of Citico Creek,
under the range of Wheeler's guns, and thus insured open commu-
nication along the river with Buschbeck, whom he left to skirmish
on Sherman's right, and returned to his corps headquarters. Early
in the morning of the 25th, in accordance with instructions from
General Thomas, he prepared to co-operate with General Sherman.
General von Steinwelir was directed to advance his left to the rail-
road, which he did with little opposition, his extreme flank resting near
the crossing of the East Tennessee and Western and Atlantic roads.
At 9:45 A. M. the corps was rejoicing over the display of the Union
flag, which could be seen floating in triumph upon the summit of
Lookout Mountain, when orders were received to move to the left
and join Sherman's command. At 10:45 a. m. the corps arrived
at the pontoon bridge, where it was massed, awaiting Sherman's
order. General Sherman, upon developing the position of the
enemy, soon discovered that there had been a serious misapprehen-
sion as to the character of the ground; for Missionary Ridge, which
from Chattanooga had seemed to be continuous, was in reality
broken by transverse ridges having deep raAanes between them.
General Hardee, who commanded the Confederate right wing, knew
Albert E. Peck
Captain, Company H
Killed May is, 1864, in Battle of
Resaca, Ga.
William S. Wickham
Captain, Company D
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 133
well how to take advantage of these conditions and had taken posi-
tion upon the most commanding of these ridges near the tunnel,
and, having strongly fortified it, awaited attack. Cleburne's division,
which its chief had inspired with his own fiery spirit, occupied the
post of danger and held its ground in spite of the most daring assaults,
in which Buschbeck's brigade, now serving with Ewing's division,
took part, the Twenty-seventh and Seventy-third Pennsylvania
earning special mention for good conduct. General Howard was
soon directed by General Sherman in person to take position on
the extreme left of the line, reUeving troops that were needed for
attack on the ridge. As his corps moved to its position the fighting
seemed furious to the marching troops, but General Sherman in
his report calls it a "pretty smart" engagement. The corps formed
with its left. on Chickamauga Creek, near Boyce's Station, and
remained in that position all night. Late at night the news reached
us that Hooker had crossed from Lookout Mountain via Rossville
to the left rear of the enemy and that the Army of the Cumberland,
in one of the most heroic charges of any war, had broken the enemy's
centre, and driven it in confusion from its chosen position.
At dayhght on the 26th the corps moved in pursuit of the enemy.
General Davis had moved at midnight, crossing the Chickamauga
on the pontoon near its mouth, and, after vainly trying to reconstruct
the bridge at Boyce's, General Howard followed, and soon came
upon evidences of the hurried retreat of the Confederate Army.
Chickamauga Station had been the main subsistence depot for the
enemy. Stores of provisions, ammunition and forage, a bridge
train and some guns of large bore, recently arrived, were here, and
General Hardee had made some preparations for defence, sufficient
to allow his command to replenish their haversacks at least. The
defence was soon overcome by General Davis, and the Eleventh
Corps found only smoking ruins and a road strewn with abandoned
mihtary stores as far as Graysville, where it camped for the night.
The Fifty-Fifth Ohio, while guarding the flank of the corps as it
passed the Tyner Station road, captured one Confederate officer
and five men bearing dispatches.
General Eli Long, with a cavalry brigade about 1,500 strong, had
marched toward Cleveland on the 24th with orders from General
C34
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
Thomas to destroy the enemy's communications in that direction.
The same night he destroyed a depot at Ooltewah, and on the
following day drove the cavalry of the enemy from Cleveland and
sent detachments to destroy the railroad between Cleveland and
Dalton, which was successfuUy accompUshed, and the large copper
roUing-mill at Cleveland was also destroyed. Early on the 27th,
being attacked by the Rebel General KeUy with a superior force
having artiUery, he retired on Chattanooga, where he was directed
to report to General Sherman.
On Friday morning, November 27, the corps marched from
Graysville to Parker's Gap, near the Cleveland and Dalton Rail-
road, and about noon Colonel Orland Smith was sent with his brigade
and Hecker's brigade of the Third Division to break the raihoad
at Red Clay. No incident worthy of note occurred on the
march except the capture of Lieutenant Mason and two men
of the enemy's cavahry endeavoring to communicate with General
Bragg. The railroad was reached about dark and thoroughly
destroyed for two miles, the rails being heated in ires made
by using cross-ties and afterward being bent and twisted. This
detachment returned without delay to the Gap, reaching camp
at midnight. Saturday was spent in resting, but on Sunday,
November 29, the command set out for the rehef of KnoxviUe.
General Grant had in mind the necessity for sending speedy
reUef to General Burnside, and had ordered General Granger, with
the Fourth Corps, to undertake the expedition; but, impatient at
the evident reluctance of General Granger to move at once, and
finding it difficult to provision his army about Chattanooga, he gave
the direction of the short campaign for the reUef of Burnside to
General Sherman, directing him to feed his command from the
country bordering on the Hiawassee River, which was rich in cattle
and grain. General Granger was directed to march by the river
road and was to be followed by a steamer loaded with provisions
for ten days, which could supply them en route. The troops of
Sherman's new command were iU equipped for such service. Both
the Eleventh and Fifteenth corps had stored their knapsacks before
entering upon the battle at Missionary Ridge, and were in strictly
light marching order; even blankets had been discarded by most
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 135
of the men; but Burnside's army was reported to be in distress, and
no word of complaint was heard as the long column filed north,
marcliing in the cold and rain to the relief of comrades in dire need.
General Longstreet had been deprived of telegraphic communi-
cation with General Bragg since November 24. When the wires
suddenly became silent this energetic Confederate, feeling himself
isolated and menaced, at once determined to attempt the assault
of the works about Knoxville. His heutenants protested and raised
objections, but failed to shake his resolution, his answer being that
there was honor and safety only in a brave attempt. Accordingly,
at daybreak on the 29th, a determined assault was made by three
Confederate brigades, well supported by sufficient reserves, upon
Fort Sanders, an earthwork on the south of the city near the Ten-
nessee River, garrisoned by 220 men of the Seventy-seventh New
York and Seventeenth Michigan and two batteries of artillery. The
attack failed, the column meeting with serious loss. Upwards of
570 men were killed and wounded and 216 taken prisoners, the
Union forces sustaining a loss of only thirteen men disabled. Within
half an hour after this repulse General Longstreet was advised that
General Bragg "had retired before superior numbers," and later
in the day that "he had retired to Dalton, and General Longstreet
must depend upon his own resources." There was need, therefore,
for prompt movement, although some days elapsed before General
Sherman was advised of the situation.
On Monday, November 30, the Eleventh Corps, having camped
at Cleveland the previous night, marched for Charleston, where the
railroad crosses the Hiawassee River. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio in
advance threw out a skirmish line and meeting the enemy's pickets
drove them at the double-quick. General Howard being with the
advance. The picket fixes were burning, but the railroad bridge
and a rude pontoon had been damaged. Crossing in boats, the
advance secured five cars of provisions and forage. By midnight
the bridge had been repaired and all the command crossed over.
Continuing in the advance, Howard marched, December i, to Athens
and, passing through Philadelphia on December 2, camped near
Loudon, where the Tennessee is spanned by a railroad bridge. This
had been broken by the enemy, who had assembled a train of three
136 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
locomotives and forty-eight cars and plunged them into the river
through the broken spans.
General Sherman, with three divisions of the Fifteenth Corps,
reached Philadelphia on the 2d of December, and was also joined
at that point by General Granger, who had hastened his march
and crossed the Hiawassee at Kincannon's Ferry, ten miles west of
Charleston. General Sherman had then eight divisions to bring
against Longstreet. He had directed Colonel Long with the cavalr}-
to move on his right. On the night of the 2d, desiring to reach
General Burnside with news of his advance, he directed Colonel
Long to move upon Knoxville with a picked force from his command.
Colonel Audenreid of General Sherman's staff rode with this force,
which reached Knoxville in safety on the morning of December 4,
assuring the army of the Ohio of the near approach of the relieving
army. Thursday, December 3, the Eleventh Corps marched through
Loudon and camped on the bank of the Little Tennessee, where it
remained till December 5 at i a. m., when it crossed the stream on
an ingenious bridge composed of wagons that had been abandoned
by Vaughn's Confederate brigade, which had been resisting our
advance. The corps marched via Unitia and reached Louisville
by dark, having marched more than twenty miles. The Fifteenth
Corps marched via Morganton, where General Wilson displayed
unusual ability as an engineer by constructing a bridge out of most
indifferent materials, and with few or no tools. General Davis had
crossed his division over the bridge at Davis's Ford, and Granger at
Morganton; so that on the evening of December 5 General Sherman
had his entire army in position for hostile advance on the Confederate
force about Knoxville. Happily, a messenger from General Burn-
side reached him at night with the news of Longstreet's departure.
On Sunday, the 6th, General Sherman, with his corps commanders,
rode to Knoxville, and the troops enjoyed a much needed rest-
General Burnside's command was not found starving. On the con-
trary, they had been able to secure abundant supplies by means of
the river, and could have held out a long time.
The reUef of Knoxville having been accomplished, orders for the
return march to Chattanooga were given. General Granger and
the Fourth Corps remained with General Burnside, who was soon
1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 137
relieved by General Foster. The Union force in Knoxville carried
on a winter campaign with only moderate activity against Longstreet,
who passed the winter in the rich valleys of the Holston and its
tributaries. The Eleventh Corps upon its return march crossed the
foot-bridge of wagons at Davis's Ford Saturday, December 5, and
halted at Athens. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth corps stretched
out to the east near Tellico Plains, threatening General Bragg's
right flank. Colonel Hecker's brigade marched to Charleston and
repaired the bridge over the Hiawassee, which the Rebel cavalry had
broken after our march to the north. Monday, December 7, the
command again moved to the south by easy marches, halting at
Cleveland, where coffee and hard bread once more cheered our tired
souls. Upon the afternoon of Wednesday, December 16, the corps
passed through McDaniel's Gap in the White Oak Range. As the
head of the Second Division emerged from the Gap it was halted
by some unknown obstacle, and the column, gradually pressing
forward, in the course of an hour packed the defile as closely as men
could stand. A heavy rain poured down unceasingly. As the
minutes increased to hours the men passed through all stages of
feehng. They sang army songs, they shouted and swore, and still
the head of the column halted; and it was past midnight when the
last water-soaked, tired soldier waded in the darkness to his bivouac
on a rail, if so fortunate as to secure one. It was reported in the
morning that General Schurz had passed the defile early and had
appropriated the best location he could find for his division camp,
and that it consumed some hours to reach General Howard, who
directed General Schurz to march his command to its appointed
camp. This was at last effected, and discipHne restored.
Early in the morning of December 17, the writer was detailed
to report at corps headquarters for special service. Upon reporting,
he was assigned to the duty of marching the barefooted men of the
corps to the camp in Lookout Valley, as the corps wished to move
more quickly and to arrange for permanent quarters. More than a
thousand men reported, all without shoes, or unable for other reasons
to keep up with the command. Moving at a rate of about two miles
an hour this column followed the railroad track to the battle-field
of the 24th, passing through the tunnel, and, as night drew on.
138 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
crossing the foot of Lookout Mountain. The weary, straggling
column reached its camp in Lookout Valley late at night and sought
rest and sleep, thankful to have seen the end of this campaign of
battles, marches, exposure, and toil almost without a parallel.
To say nothing of the campaign in Lookout Valley, the corps
had, to quote General Howard's report, "endured the extreme
fatigue of three days' battle and of two days' pursuit, and had then
turned north, marched one hundred and twenty miles to the relief
of Knoxville, and then returned immediately to its old camp." The
wretched roads, inclement weather, lack of supplies, of transporta-
tion, and of bridge trains, with few blankets or tents— all afforded
proof of the abihty, courage, and endurance of all the troops that
under Sherman marched to the relief of Knoxville.
One more incident, and I have done. After food and clothing
had restored the health and spirits of the volunteers, the regiments
whose terms of service would expire in the coming year were given
an opportunity to re-enlist. With unexampled patriotism more than
three-quarters of them accepted the offer, and their organizations
were continued under the proud title of Veteran Volunteers. General
Howard, on December 17, issued a general order to the corps, ex-
tending his warmest congratulations and hearty thanks for their
services. He recited letters from General Sherman and General
Burnside expressing their gratitude and praise for services which
had been so valuable and so glorious.
The Fourteenth Corps returned to its quarters in Chattanooga.
The Fifteenth Corps passed the winter guarding the railroads from
Nashville to Decatur and to Stevenson. The Eleventh Corps m
Lookout Valley during the winter prepared for the campaign of
1865. It had in store trials and triumphs greater than any it had
yet endured or enjoyed, but its career as a corps was now ended.
It was merged with the Twelfth and formed a new corps known as
the Twentieth, being commanded during the Atlanta campaign by
General Hooker; and under General Slocum it formed, with the
Fourteenth Corps, the left wing of Sherman's army on the March
to the Sea.
i
William T. Shkrmax
General, U. S. A.
CHAPTER IX
CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA
THE Union armies which, under General Grant at Chattanooga
and Knoxville, had checked the victorious Confederates, passed
the winter of 1863-64 grouped about those centres, but so disposed
as to protect the Hnes of supply leading from the Ohio River, The
Fifteenth Corps, under General Logan, and two divisions of the
Sixteenth Corps, under General Dodge, were at Huntsville, Alabama.
Two divisions of the Seventeenth Corps were during the early spring
concentrated at Cairo and reached the army later in the season.
The winter being one of unusual severity, new enterprises were
not undertaken. The Army of the Cumberland was reorganized,
and many regiments which had re-enhsted were given furloughs.
There was, too, a great scarcity of animals, due to losses and hard-
ships during the Chickamauga and Knoxville campaigns.
Having in mind the operations proposed for the coming summer.
General Sherman organized at Vicksburg and Memphis a raid on
the interior lines of the Confederacy, and during February, in the
Meridian expedition, destroyed many miles of railroad and much
valuable property of the enemy in the State of Mississippi. During
the months of March and April, reorganization and the accumulation
of supplies were vigorously pushed. The Eleventh and Twelfth
corps of the Army of the Potomac were, by special field order No.
105, on April 14, consolidated into one army corps, named the
Twentieth, and placed under the command of Major-General Joseph
Hooker. The corps was composed of three divisions commanded,
respectively, by Generals Williams, Geary, and Butterfield.
The Union Army, which was now, under General Sherman, about
to undertake one of the greatest campaigns in history, was composed
of three armies, namely, the Army of the Cumberland, the Army
of the Tennessee, and the Army of the Ohio. By far the largest
force was assigned to Major-General George H. Thomas, who,
with the Army of the Cumberland, consisting of the Fourth, Four-
139
I40 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
teenth, and Twentieth corps, was expected to bear the great burden
of oflfensive work. In addition to the army corps named, General
Thomas had three divisions of cavalry, his total force numbering
60,773 "^6"- The Army of the Tennessee, under General J. B.
McPherson, was composed of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth army
corps, and, after June 8, two chvisions of the Seventeenth Corps,
under Major-General Blair, joined the army at Allatoona. General
McPherson's command numbered 24,465 men, and the Army of
the Ohio, under General J. M. Schofield, numbered 13,559 men,
consisting of the Twenty-third Corps and one division of cavalry.
This arrangement permitted the use of the two smaller armies as
flanking forces, while the mass of General Thomas's army was the
weapon of oflfence. General Sherman's total force numbered 98,787
men and 254 pieces of artillery.
As this narrative is concerned principally with the fortunes of
the Third Di\ision of the Twentieth Army Corps, and e.specially with
the Third Brigade of that di\nsion, more specific details are recorded
of these commands. The Third Brigade was, during the entire
campaign, commanded by Colonel James Wood, Jr., of the One
Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York Volunteer Infantry, and con-
sisted of the following regiments, viz., Thirty-third Massachusetts
Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel Godfrey Rider, Jr. ; One Hundred and
Thirty-sixth New York Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel L. B. Faulkner;
Fifty-Fifth Ohio Infantry, Colonel Charles B.Gambee; Seventy-third
Ohio Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel S. H. Hurst; Twenty-sixth Wis-
consin Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel F. C. Winckler. During June,
1864, the Twentieth Connecticut, Lieutenant-Colonel Buckingham,
was added. A large majority of the men in these regiments had re-
enlisted during the preceding winter, and the brigade, aggregating
some 2,500 men, was composed of officers and men who had been
seasoned by much service and were in a highly efficient condition.
To glance a moment at the theatre of the proposed operations.
Northwestern Georgia presents to an army of invasion conditions
of pecuhar hardship. The southern extension of the great mountain
ranges of the Blue Ridge, running from northeast to southwest, is
here strongly marked by parallel ridges which at times attain the
proportions of mountains, and are so called. Between the Ten-
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 141
nessee River and Dalton, Raccoon Mountain, Lookout Mountain,
Missionary Ridge, Taylor's Ridge, and lastly. Rocky Face Ridge,
intervene in parallel lines, protecting Dalton, where General Joseph
E. Johnston had assembled his army for the defence of Georgia and
the interior lines of the Confederacy. The rugged tops of these
mountain ranges are, when not wooded, broken by palisades of
rocks, and, having few openings, are readily defended. The country
is well watered. Rising east of Dalton, the Coosawattee and Con-
nesauga rivers unite near Resaca to form the Oostenaula, which,
some fifty miles south, near Rome, unites with the Etowah and,
under the name of Coosa, flows south to the Alabama and so to the
Gulf.
General Johnston had made full use of his opportunities. He
had in hand at Dalton, on May i, according to the Confederate
returns for April, some 52,992 men and 250 pieces of artillery.
This was reinforced at Resaca about May loth by Polk's corps,
numbering nearly 19,000 men, so that Johnston's army numbered
quite 71,000 men and 250 pieces of artillery. The relative pro-
portion between General Sherman's advancing army and General
Johnston's army of defence was as ten to seven during tliis entire
campaign. The position at Dalton was strongly fortified upon the
east and north, and upon the west enjoyed the sheltering elevation
of Rocky Face Ridge, which had few openings, and those easy to
be defended.
On May 2, 1864, General Sherman moved his entire army uj)on
the position of the enemy at Dalton. Butterfield's division of the
Twentieth Corps left its winter camp in Lookout Valley at daylight
on Monday, May 2, marching over the nose of Lookout Mountain
via Rossville and the Chickamauga battle-field to Lee and Gordon's
Mills on West Chickamauga River, some fifteen miles. The advance
rested May 3, and on the 4th pushed on some eleven miles to Pleasant
Grove Church, on East Chickamauga Creek, and on the 7th, having
marched via Gordon's Gap in Taylor's Ridge, reached Wood's
Store, about two miles southeast of Buzzard Roost Gap in Rocky
Face Ridge. This gap is a defile commanded by Chattooga Mountain
on the east, and is a narrow pass through which nm the Western &
Atlantic Railroad, a wagon-road, and also Mill Creek, a mountain
142 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Stream which had been considerately dammed by the enemy for our
benefit. This defile was occupied by the enemy in force. On May
7 the Fourth and Fourteenth Corps had, by the converging of their
lines of advance, been brought to Tunnel Hill, a spur of Rocky Face,
through which the railroad passes, which was occupied by the enemy
as an advanced outpost. Almost without halting, this force was
brushed away and the elevation occupied, from which a full view
of the Gap and the frowning cliffs beyond could be had.
On the morning of May 8 General Butterfield's division held the
left of the corps Hne, and being directed to reconnoitre the Gap,
assigned that duty to Colonel Wood's brigade. Major Higgins,
of the Seventy-third Ohio, was officer of the day. The Fifty-Fifth
Ohio was designated as the advance regiment. Company B, under
Captain Hartwell Osborn, were deployed as skirmishers, and, ad-
vancing toward the Gap, he was accosted by General Butterfield,
who rode up from a cross-road and called out, "Captain, keep your
eye skinned." Major Higgins pointed out a conical hill in the
mouth of the Gap as the position to be secured, and the enemy began
to fire at the skirmish line as it came within range. The hill was
beyond the flooded stream, and as Company B numbered for duty
but thirty men. Company D of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, under Captain
F. H. Boalt, was added to the command. Crossing the stream on
a foot-log, one by one, the command of about sixty men found itself
at once in a dense thicket of vines and shrubs which grew luxuriantly
and were in bloom. From this point the wooded hill ascended
sharply some 400 feet. Never was the value of training by actual
service better illustrated than when this little force was ordered to
advance and take the hill. Moving upward quietly but steadily
the command kept its hne, but each man had his eyes open for the
first sight or sign of the enemy. At last Corporal Charles Hurlbut,
Company D, shouted, "I see a son of a ," and instantly Captain
Boalt's ringing order " Charge !" was responded to by a cheer and a
desperate effort to double-quick uphill to reach the position of the
enemy. The Confederates did not defend the hill long. Firing one
volley, they fled to the shelter of their artillery, which now began
firing shells, bursting them fairly in our midst. Felix A. N. Beck,
of Company B, and Adolph Sibold, of Company D, were killed at
Charles H. Horton
Sergeant, Compaxy D
Benjamin F. Pkrkey Lewis Perkey
Company H Corporal Company H
KiLLiiu May 15. 1864, IN
BA I I LE OK Rksaca. Ga.
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 143
once and five men were wounded, but the Union artillery soon found
the range and silenced the Rebel battery. The summit was held,
and after dark reinforcements were sent up and the assaulting force
relieved. Bearing its dead it returned to the command in the valley.
This assault was in full view of both the division and the corps
officers, and received special commendatory notice in the reports of
the campaign. Bridges being laid over Mill Creek, the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio again occupied the hill on the gth, lying all day under a severe
fire of artillery. At nightfall, having been relieved by a division
from the Fourteenth Corps, the division retired to Wood's Store.
While the demonstration of the Third Division upon Buzzard
Roost was progressing, the Second Division, under General Geary,
covered itself with glory, assaulting the Rebel lines at Dug Gap,
some five miles south.
The First Division of the Twentieth Corps, during the gth and
loth, had been massed at Trickum, about half-way between Buzzard
Roost and Dug Gap, to cover the movement of the Fifteenth Corps,
which, leaving Chattanooga on May 4, had marched via Ship's Gap,
in Taylor's Ridge, through Snake Creek Gap and Sugar Valley and
was menacing Resaca directly in the rear of the Confederate force at
Dalton. General McPherson found the enemy in force, he thought,
and retired to the mouth of the Gap, where he made some fortifi-
cations. General McPherson has been criticised for not seizing
and holding Resaca, which General Sherman, in his report of the
campaign, says he intended should be done. It is possible that
General McPherson did not appreciate the fact that the Twentieth
Corps was near at hand and could support him if necessary. The
discussion of this subject has brought out the fact that General
Thomas had suggested to General Sherman this movement, oflfering
to move the Army of the Cumberland through Snake Creek Gap,
the commands of Generals McPherson and Schofield to be em-
ployed against the enemy at Dalton. This, General Sherman
thought, was too full of risk, but he afterwards during the campaign
took much greater chances. The admirers of General Thomas
beheve that, if his suggestion had been adopted, the campaign would
have resulted in the destruction of General Johnston's army. Snake
Creek Gap is a narrow defile running east of south, having on the
144 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
east Mill Mountain, and on the west Horn Mountain. At Sugar
Valley on the south an opening affords a way to Resaca, but the
road was a difficult one; and, accordingly, having rested on the loth,
Butterfield's division marched at 4 a. m. of the nth, and having
made fourteen miles by noon, had reached the middle of the Gap.
The division was occupied all the rest of the day, with the other
divisions of the corps, in clearing the road and preparing it for the
easy movement of troops and trains which were to follow. At 10
A. M. of the 1 2th the corps marched east via Sugar Valley some four
miles, and camped at night in rear of the Fifteenth Corps, which
had moved forward and now faced Resaca. Upon this date the
enemy reconnoitred Tunnel Hill, displaying considerable force,
evidently \\ath the view of developing the strength of General Sher-
man's left wing, but did not attack. On the night of May 12 General
Johnston, having discovered the movement against Resaca, aban-
doned his extensive works at Dalton and retired to meet the danger
which threatened his communications, thus giving up the first of
the many fortified lines occupied and defended by the Confederate
Army during this campaign.
General Johnston's retreating army was sharply pursued by
General Howard, who, wth the Fourth Corps and the cavalry,
pressed hard upon his heels through Dalton, marching south upon
the road running east of Rocky Face Ridge, generally following the
railroad. The Fourteenth and Twenty-third corps marched via
Snake Creek Gap and took position upon the line facing Resaca.
During the 14th of May very sharp skirmishing and some severe
fighting ensued as the opposing lines took position and battled for
advantageous points. At daylight of May 15 General Sherman's
army confronted the whole of the Confederate Army, which was
posted having its left on the Oostenaula at Resaca. The Army
of the Tennessee on Sherman's right covered with its artillery the
raibroad bridge over that river, and the Twentieth Corps, having
been relieved by the Fourteenth Corps, was marched to the extreme
left of the line. The Fourth and Fourteenth corps covered the
centre. General Hooker was now directed to place his corps across
the Dalton and Resaca road and, turning the enemy's right flank,
march south upon Resaca. General Butterfield's division was the
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 145
column of attack. This column was prepared by placing General
Ward's First Brigade in advance, having the Second and Third
brigades as supports on the right and left, respectively. The rolling
wooded ground was interspersed with few clearings, and the depres-
sions between the hills had grown up to dense thickets of small pines,
making reconnoitring very difficult, so much so that Colonel Wood's
brigade was finally directed to advance on General Ward's left, and
attack the enemy independently, preserving the connection on the
right. Colonel Wood had much trouble in forming his line, for he
had no opportunity to inspect the ground.
Lieutenant Phny Watson, of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, was serving as
an aide on Colonel Wood's staff, and about 12:30 p. m. brought the
orders to the commanding officers of the regiments of the brigade.
The Fifty-Fifth Ohio was moving in column of fours at the head
of the brigade and had halted for orders, when he came galloping
up to Colonel Gambee to advise him that "the position would be
forced at once." Colonel Gambee was a veteran of many battles.
He had won his eagles by hard service, and had proved himself a
very brave man, but when he received this order he turned pale,
trembled in his saddle, and did not recover his composure for some
moments. He was soon called upon to form line, and showed no
further signs of emotion; but the writer was greatly moved by the
incident, which afterwards seemed prophetic*
It must have taken quite half an hour to form the line, and about
I p. M. the brigade advanced. No sooner had the skirmish line
crowned the wooded knoll in front than sharp skirmishing began,
and when, a moment later, the line of battle reached the summit,
the roar of full volleys of musketry and cannon from the strongly
fortified lines of the enemy showed that they were prepared to resist
to the utmost. The Confederate line of battle crossed the Dalton
road at right angles, resting upon the summit of some round-topped
wooded hills, which offered fine positions for defence.
Their first volley nearly decimated the command, but did not
check the advance. I heard a voice call out, " Captain Peck, your
brother is killed." "Yes," said the Captain, "there'll be more of
us soon," and as he spoke he fell. In that moment Major Robbins
*ln connection with Colonel Gambee's deatli, ^he reader is referred to an interesting
note by Sergeant Moses Pugh, given on page 250'
146 TRIALS^ AND TRIUMPHS [1864
fell, and the place seemed almost untenable ; but a slight swell in the
open ground in front promised shelter and the command fled forward.
By lying down some shelter was obtained, and the men rested for a
moment. The Captain of Company B was fortunate in finding on
the right a clump of cedars where the enemy had made some defences
for an advanced post. By reversing these the company secured a
fairly good position for offence, which it held during the engagement.
Upon the right of the brigade the supports from the First Division
came up to find the ground filled with a mixed group consisting of
men from the First Brigade who had been crowded out of hne, owing
to an error in formation. From this point the writer saw Colonel
Harrison (afterwards President Harrison) lead his command, a
brigade, in four successive charges against a battery of the enemy
consisting of four brass guns, which, having been planted in advance
of the Confederate Une, were doing us much injury. This battery
was silenced and was secured at night by digging through the works.
The action for some time was very severe. Bullets filled the air,
and the noise of musketry deepened to a continuous roar. Amid
the smoke which filled the valley came the crash of bursting shells
and the shock of falling trees and branches. In spite of the smoke,
the noise, and the confusion, the soldiers kept their nerve. Sergeant
Henry W. Crosby, of Company D, distinguished himself by con-
spicuous bravery, and was carried to the rear mortally wounded.
His last hours were soothed by his family physician. Dr. A. N. Read,
who, as a member of the Sanitary Commission, was on the field
carrying out the mission of that noble charity. Upon going down
the line Colonel Gambee was found dead; only a small hole over
his heart showed his wound to have been instantly fatal.
The following personal note on the death of Colonel Gambee
by Lieutenant P. C. Lathrop, Company A, is interesting:
Well do I remember the events of the day of the battle of Resaca — the death
of Major Robbins, as we charged down the hill, and of our beloved Colonel
Gambee later in the day. In our charge down the hill we reached .. shght
depression or ravine separating the higher from a much lower hill along the
brow of which the Fifty-Fifth boys, all along the hne, were lying flat upon their
faces, but firing at every head that appeared above the enemy's breastworks,
only about thirty rods away, the Johnnies ^e turning the fire at a lively rate.
Of course, many of our boys were hit — some wounded, and many killed.
Clay Hultz, Company 11
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 147
I was in command of Company A (Colonel Gambee's company), and lying
upon the ground some ten or fifteen feet lower down the hill, but immediately
behind my company. Just behind me, and to my right, sat Colonel Gambee,
behind a pile of rails. Having several times been soUcited to do so, I arose
and went and sat down beside the Colonel. It was only a few minutes after-
wards that the Johnnies made a charge upon our line. We immediately jumped
to oiu: feet, and as the Colonel opened his Hps to isssue a command, a bullet struck
him in the breast, and he fell backward into my arms, dead — killed instantly.
A glorious death, as I view it now, but his sudden and unexpected fate seemed
at the moment to madden me. I laid him down carefully, and, taking his
revolver from his belt, I ran forward to rejoin my company. Halting, I tried to
shoot the Rebel Colonel, who came within a few feet before he was shot. But
I could not make the revolver work. I threw it down in disgust, but after-
wards picked it up, and I think it was sent home with the Colonel's other per-
sonal effects. I do not now recall that I saw the Colonel's body after I laid it
down when he was killed.
Captain Boalt, of Company D, was found amusing himself by
catching an occasional bullet that struck the two or three rails he had
collected before him, which proved just able to check the missiles, as
they dropped to the ground, hot but harmless. The contest raged along
the entire line for at least three hours, neither side gaining advantage ;
but at last the writer heard Captain H. E. Tremain, a volunteer aide
on General Butterfield's staff, calhng out to Colonel Wood, "Sir,
you must not expose yourself in this way." "But," said Colonel
Wood, in his high-pitched voice, "I want to see what they are doing;
they are getting out of their works." It proved to be true. The
Fifty-fourth Virginia Regiment of infantry formed under that terrific
fire and charged our fine. It was, of course, captured to a man and
was hurried to the rear, where the captives saw to their disgust the
Second Division of the Twentieth Corps massed in support of the
fighting Hne and the Twenty-third Corps moving up on the left flank.
The brigade was relieved after dark and passed the night massed
upon the Dalton road in rear. At midnight a furious burst of
musketry and cannon wakened the exhausted soldiers, but it was
the last effort of despair, and no other attack was made. At dawn
the works of the enemy were found empty, save for the dead and
those too badly wounded to be moved.
The Fifty-Fifth Ohio suffered severely in this battle, losing
twenty-three killed and seventy wounded, and indeed, never re-
148 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
covered from the loss of so many officers. It never paraded with
full ranks again. Captain E. H. Powers took command, Captain
C. P. Wickham Acting Major. Leaving the care of the dead and
wounded to other hands, at 8 a. m. of the i6th the Twentieth Corps
marched in pursuit of the enemy, who now retired from his second
fortified line.
The scene on the inside of the Confederate works was ghastly
in the extreme. Dead men lay in all directions and in every position.
Improvised field hospitals filled with the wounded and dying, broken
muskets, disabled artillery, and dead animals were on every hand.
The trenches were stained with blood and littered with abandoned
clothing and equipments of all descriptions. It was May in Georgia,
the trees were in full leaf, the air was balmy, but it was war-time, and
the army was pursuing.
As some evidence of the impression made upon the enemy by
the attack upon and capture of the four-gun battery before men-
tioned, the following letter picked up on the field by a member of
the One Hundred and Fifth lUinois, and first pubUshed in the history
of the Hundred and Second IlUnois in 1865, is given. The author
was probably W. W. Corput, captain of the battery that lost its guns.
Resaca, May 15.
My Dear Wife:
John Thompson is going home to Cassville wounded, I thought I would
drop you a Une by him. The Yankees charged on my battery this P. M. and
captured two sections of it. Many of our men and attendants were wounded.
It was as daring an exploit as when my brothers was charged at Antietam,
Ysi., by a New York Reg. They threw themselves into the front as unconscious
of danger as ducks into a pond. I tell you and Will to stow away ever>'thing
of value, fearing we shall have to fall back from here; if we do, the Yankees
\vill get everything in reach. We had to fight Hooker's command here, or
else the battery never would have been taken. I hear we are gaining on the
Yankees in Va. and we would have whipped them here if it had not been for
Hooker's command. They all wore a star. If we hold our ground here I
will see you ere long. I want you to send Sis and James to Grandpa's and you
go to Uncle John's. Take all the things you can. I must close, as the train
will leave immediately. Your husband, unto Death. W. W. C.
P. S. — Our position here was very good, but we have to fall back. Keep up
good courage. I hope what I have said will not prove discouraging to you.
w. w. c.
KP
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1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 149
We now crossed the Coosawattee River at Field's Mill, about
three miles east of Resaca. The enemy having destroyed the bridge,
the crossing was made by a rope ferry, and was necessarily slow;
but by II 130 P. M. the command was over the stream and encamped,
having marched sixteen miles. To the excitement of pmrsuit was
now added the exhilaration of perfect weather, and the beauty of
the champaign country of northern Georgia. The broad rolHng
plain was diversified by many farms and clearings and the pine-
covered tops of the rounded hills. The pursuing army covered a
front of some twelve miles. The Twenty-third Corps marched on
roads to the east of the railroad. Davis's division of the Fourteenth
Corps marched on the right flank, following the right bank of the
Oostenaula River to Rome, which was occupied by the enemy; but
the small force defending the place was soon expelled. The Fifteenth
Corps followed the left bank of the river, having on its left the Twen-
tieth Corps and the Fourth Corps. These corps pressed the enemy
sharply all day and found a strong rear guard contesting every
available position. The Twentieth Corps followed the Cassville
Road to Calhoun, and on the 17th covered some seventeen miles.
General Johnston expected to find a suitable battle-ground at Adairs-
ville, and halted about two miles north of that place; but he says
the position did not offer the advantages he expected, and on the
17th he retired to Adairsville and there concentrated his army. In
his memoirs he states that this position, although previously fortified,
proved to be too extensive to be properly defended, and on the i8th
he again retired, giving up the third fortified fine which he had pre-
pared. Doubtless the menace of the Fifteenth Corps to his left
flank and the movement of the Twenty-third Corps upon his right,
while the Fourth and Twentieth corps pressed him in front, were
arguments too potent to resist. He marched his army to CassviUe,
some twenty-two miles south of Adairsville, and about three miles
from the Western and Atlantic Railroad. This railroad from Adairs-
ville to Kingston runs due south, but at that point turns east a few
miles before crossing the Etowah River. The main wagon-road from
AdairsviUe to this railroad bridge runs southeast to Cassville; thiis
the commands following these highways would become gradually
separated, the distance between Kingston and Cassville being about
I50 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
eight miles; and General Johnston, always alert, hoped to be able
to catch one of General Sherman's corps unsupported and destroy
it before the others could come to its relief.
On the i8th the Third Division of the Twentieth Corps, ftnding
the main road obstructed by troops and trains, marched across
country some miles to the southeast, and reached a country road
which afforded a clear way. A gradual ascent of some miles brought
it about 4 p. M. to a gravelly plateau, about ten miles from Kingston,
where resistance was met and skirmishing continued all the after-
noon, but the advance was not checked. The opposing lines were
so near each other that the orders of the officers of each- could be
plainly heard by the others, and mocking voices repeated Colonel
Faulkner's orders, "Up, on the right, Captain Brown; close up the
left flank," etc. A piece of artillery was brought into action by the
enemy, but its first discharge was greeted with a burst of laughter
from the Union line. It had been loaded without a ball, and the
hollow sound of a blank cartridge was recognized at once. Both
lines set up a cheer and a merry time ensued for men who were
seeking each other's lives. The day's march covered seventeen and
one-half miles, and camp was a grateful relief as we bivouacked in
the shelter of some great trees near a cool brook.
On the 19th the brigade was directed to reconnoitre forward
toward Two Run Creek, and moving straight south soon lost its
connection with the division. About 2 p. m. the skirmish Une devel-
oped the enemy, and, finding superior forces in front, retired in haste
to a defensive position. Surrounded by dense woods and threatened
by a menacing enemy, defences were speedily impi'o vised, much to
the disgust of the farmer, who saw his outbuildings and fences torn
down in a twinkling and arranged in a shape far from attractive to
him. To the soldiers and officers of the line who were not informed
of the situation matters looked serious enough ; but about 4 p. m. an
aide dashed up mounted upon a literally foaming steed and gave
the commanding officer some directions. Instantly the artillery
moved to the front, a most surprising manoeuvre; orders to follow
reached the infantry; moving out of the dense woods, the line en-
countered the creek, and on the opposite bank General Butterficld
appeared, urging speed by voice and gesture. Into and through the
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 151
Stream the line advanced, mounted a small elevation and found
itself part of a long line of Union troops moving forward with banners
waving and guns flashing as if on parade. It was a magnificent
display of the pomp and pageantry of glorious war; fronting us was
a beautiful plain or savannah, bounded by lofty hills, and in the
immediate front the serried lines of the enemy were seen retiring
with the precision of a great machine. Rarely does such quick
transition come even in war from imminent danger and dark shadows
of ill to great beauty of landscape, enlivened by the panoply and cir-
cumstance of arms. The magnificent spectacle made so deep an
impression upon all who took part in it that nearly every history of
the Twentieth Corps and the writings of those who were witnesses
make record of it. President Harrison, on the occasion of a meeting
of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, used the
incident in an especially happy manner in his opening address.
Cassville was in our front, and we were menacing General John-
ston's right flank. The Twenty-third Corps, which was still farther
on our left, was moving up toward Cassville on the Canton road.
Serious contention now arose in the Confederate camp as to the
chances of a successful battle at that place. It was ended by General
Johnston's order to abandon his fourth defensive hne — and at dawn
another empty Rebel fortified camp was occupied by General Sher-
man's enthusiastic armies.
General Sherman rested his army at Cassville and directed
preparations to be made for a new and serious move. Rigid inspec-
tion of trains and baggage was ordered; commissaries and quarter-
masters were directed to provide supphes for twenty days, and on
the 23d the army was ready for another south-bound march.
General Johnston had crossed the Etowah River at the railroad
bridge and held as his base the fortress of AUatoona, so called from
the AUatoona Hills through which, by means of a deep cut, the rail-
road passes. This position had been fortified and was very strong.
Learning that the Union Army was crossing the Etowah, and an-
ticipating General Sherman's move, he marched to cover the roads
leading from Dallas to Marietta and Atlanta.
The country in the vicinity of the Etowah River is fertile and
fairly well cleared and settled, but a few miles south of that stream
152 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
the Allatoona Range presents a gloomy aspect, as the soil is thin and
the country rough and broken, covered with pine forests, and along
the streams thickset with a brushy growth of vines and saplings.
The roads are of the rudest — mere paths — except where the main
routes of travel have compelled clearing.
Into these dark shades the Union Army plunged, marching
southwest to avoid the fortress of Allatoona, and endeavoring to gain
a position of advantage upon the left flank of the enemy. After a
rest of three days. General Sherman moved forward, sending the
Fifteenth Corps toward the right via Van Wert upon Dallas, and
the Twenty-third Corps toward the left, crossing the river at the
Etowah Cliffs near the railroad bridge. The Army of the Cumber-
land covered the centre as usual, and on May 23, crossing the Etowah
at Island Ford and Gillens's Bridge, about four miles south of Kings-
ton, marched to Euharlee, sixteen miles. On the 24th the Twentieth
Corps in advance crossed the Allatoona Hills via Huntsville, or Burnt
Hickory, covering eighteen miles. On the 25th the leading division
(Geary's) encountered the enemy about four and one-half miles
from Dallas, and pushing forward a mile and a half, developed a
strong force near New Hope Church, where roads from Dallas,
Marietta, and Ackworth converge. General Geary called for help.
The Third Division lengthened its stride, and, reaching Geary's
position at 3 p. m., was at once deployed for attack. Wood's brigade
was formed upon the left of the corps, with the Fifty-Fifth Ohio and
One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York in the front line and the
Seventy-third Ohio and Twenty-sixth Wisconsin in the second Hne,
the Thirty-third Massachusetts being in reserve. As the line ad-
vanced through the dense wood, its left flank was first assailed by
the enemy, and the Thirty-third Massachusetts and Seventy-third
Ohio were faced to meet this danger, but a deep and swampy ravine
afforded protection. The right of the line advanced under a sharp
fire of musketry and cannon, and at short range, with no protection,
replied. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio was not in direct range of the enemy's
fire and sustained a loss of but four wounded, but by an oblique fire
assisted the right of the line.
The action was a severe one. The enemy had prepared some
defences, but the Union forces were not so favored, and their attack
William Negele
Corporal, Company H
Enoch B. Watson
Company H
i864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 153
was daring and persistent. As night came on a heavy rain fell and
the darkness was intense. Supperless, the brigade held its position
till midnight brought relief and a bivouac in rear of the line. On
the 26th and 27th the lines were adjusted and two strong lines of
breastworks were made. The brigade was placed in the front line
on the 28th, where constant work upon the breastworks and per-
sistent deadly skirmishing ensued. The lines of both armies were
advanced so near to each other that the pickets could not be advanced,
and many men were killed and wounded daily in the breastworks.
The Army of the Tennessee had approached Dallas from the west
and was separated from the Army of the Cumberland by a gap of
about three miles, which was defended by a division of the Four-
teenth Corps, placed a little in the rear of the line. General Mc-
Pherson made repeated attempts to move to the left, but General
Johnston was very aggressive, and pressed the lines daily at all points
so closely as to render the attempt abortive. More than once the
thunders of a night attack broke the silence of the forests, and the
ist of June was at hand before the lines were connected. In the
mean time General Sherman endeavored to interpose the Army of
the Cumberland between the right flank of the enemy and Marietta,
but, although on the 28th at Pickett's Mills the Fourth Corps, sup-
ported by the Fourteenth, made an almost desperate attack upon the
Rebel right, it was not successful, except that our lines were there-
by extended to our advantage. In this engagement General Howard
was sHghtly wounded in the foot by the explosion of a shell.
May 29 John Webb, of Company K, was wounded.*
On Wednesday, June i, the Twentieth Corps, being relieved by
the arrival of the Fifteenth Corps in its rear, moved from its fortified
line near New Hope Church, some five miles east to the extreme left
of the army, where it bivouacked in support of the Twenty-third
Corps. On the 2d and 3d the brigade moved by short marches to
the left, encamping near Morris Mill Church, supporting Hovey's
division of the Twenty-third Corps.
This side-stepping to the left had at last stretched the enemy's
line to the breaking point, and on the night of Saturday, June 4,
General Johnston retired his army from his fifth fortified line and
*The loss of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment during May was three officers and twenty-
seven men killed and sixty-six men wounded. Total, ninety-six.
154 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
took up a new position. His line ran from Kenesaw Mountain to
Lost Mountain, and had as a central advanced bastion the bald
knob called Pine Mountain.
General Sherman's tactics had now placed his left flank across
the Western and Atlantic Railroad near Big Shanty Station, and had
given him command of the Allatoona position, which was now
strengthened and made a base of supplies, and the army prepared
for further offensive operations. A line of breastworks was
erected covering the brigade deployed in a single hne near
Mount Olivet Churcli, where, during the heavy rains which con-
tinued from the 5th to the i6th of June, a sodden, moist, but
determined army skirmished with an equally wet and equally
determined foe. Duriijg this time the Army of the Tennessee,
having cut a road for its trains in rear of the Hnes of the army,
was rapidly shifted to the extreme left of the line. Reinforced by
two divisions of the Seventeenth Corps, under General Frank P.
Blair, which had marched via Rome, on the 5th of June this army
reached the railroad at Ackworth, and marching due south, by the
1 6th had fairly attained position upon the enemy's right flank,
posted strongly upon the northeast slope of Kenesaw Mountain.
This movement, in the face of daily torrents of rain over improvised
roads, and in the face of an enterprising foe, was one of the marvels
of the campaign.
The Fourth and Fourteenth corps had also pressed the enemy
closely upon his left and centre, and on June 10 the central fortress.
Pine Mountain, was abandoned by the enemy, adding a sixth for-
tified line to the list of those abandoned by the enemy. On the 14th
General Polk of the Confederate Army was killed by a cannon-
shot from Simonson's Indiana Battery. General Sherman noticed
a group of Confederate ofl&cers observing the advancing Union line
from the summit of Pine Mountain, and sent an order by the hand
of Lieutenant-Colonel C. H. Howard to the captain of the battery
to fire on the group. General Polk's loss was deeply felt by the
Confederate Army. On the i6th of June General Johnston retired
from his position at Lost INIountain, and a seventh fortified hne was
abandoned. The general line of the enemy was now curved from
Kenesaw south of west, and this enabled General Sherman to reach
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 155
out with his right wing toward Powder Springs and Sandtown. On
June 15 five men of the Fifty-Fifth were wounded by a shell.
On the 17th, 1 8th, and 19th the Twentieth Corps pushed back
the retiring enemy across Noyes Creek on the Dallas and Marietta
road, a position about five miles southwest of Kenesaw Mountain.
The Twenty-third Corps at the same time swung forward upon the
right and secured positions of advantage almost enfilading the Con-
federate fine. A feature of this advance was the brilhant work of
the artillery of both corps, which from a bald hill in full view of
both fines sustained the credit of the Union arms for accurate aim
and persistence under fire. On June 19 the Third Brigade (Wood's)
attacked the enemy's line with a loss to the Fifty-Fifth of six men
wounded, viz.: T. B. Fox, Company H; Joseph Hoover and Sergeant
Isaac Dippery, Company K; J. S. Robinson, Company I; J. H.
Stage, Company C; John Saltman, Company E.
On the 20th the division advanced upon the Marietta road some
two miles nearer Marietta, and on the 21st two regiments of the Third
Brigade were detailed to reconnoitre the enemy's lines. The Fifty-
Fifth Ohio and the Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York were placed
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Faulkner, and the Seventy-
third Ohio was afterwards added as a reserve. The Fifty-Fifth
Ohio was pushed forward and skirmished very sharply with the
enemy, who was strongly posted on a commanding elevation. Com-
pany B was on the Une and pushed close to the enemy's advanced
post. Owing to the constant and unremitting pressure of the ad-
vance the men had been unable to wash their clothing, and on this
morning four members of Company B had secured permission to
be absent a few hours for that purpose. In the mean time the detail
for the reconnaissance had been made and the regiment had moved
from camp. When the men returned to camp they discovered the
movement, and to our astonishment, in the midst of a sharp en-
counter, here came the absentees, daring the enemy's fire, and only
asking where they could "go in," and if they could not get closer.
This was a good example of the spirit which animated the entire
command. During this engagement First Sergeant Cramer
(Little Adam) was severely wounded and lost to the command;
Robert Vangorder, Company C, killed; Benjamin Tanner and
IS6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Jerome Welch, Company C, and Melville Jamieson, Company E,
wounded.
On the following day the Third Division of the Twentieth Corps
successfully assaulted the enemy's lines, strongly located upon a
ridge two miles east of the Powder Springs and Marietta road. The
Third Brigade was posted on the right, the Second Brigade on the
left, and the First in reserve. The division at once intrenched its
line under a severe fire, and at 5 p. m. was relieved by a command
from the Fourth Corps. The First Division of the Twentieth Corps
upon the right of the line and General Hascall's division of the
Twenty-third Corps upon its right sustained during the day a terrific
onslaught near Kolb's House, on the Powder Springs road, by Hood's
Confederate corps. The attack was made in the vain hope of
checking the turning movement which had now placed General
Sherman's right nearer Atlanta than the enemy's left. The Con-
federate loss was very severe, and the attack proved to be another
of those futile and bloody ventures which marked General Hood's
career.
The Third Division of the Twentieth Corps moved that night
to the support of the First Division and bivouacked in rear of the
line. During the 23d the writer saw General Sherman pass through
our camp and witnessed a spirited interview between Generals Sher-
man, Schofield, and Hooker. The incident is noted because it was
probably the beginning of a series of misunderstandings which at last
ended in General Hooker's leaving the army, an act which he doubt-
less often regretted. It now appears from reports and correspondence
that General Hooker had made a report of the action of the previous
day which failed to do justice to General Schofield's command, and
which was sharply resented. General Sherman insisted upon proper
courtesy between commanders and reproved General Hooker in
severe terms. This rankled in Hooker's mind, and he took the first
opportunity to sever his connection with Sherman's army.
On the 23d the line was fortified and the command rested until
the 27th.* On that date, marching before daylight, the brigade
was placed in the front line near the Powder Springs road, and
vdtnessed in the distance the assault upon Kenesaw Mountain made
*Twenty-sixth, loss: F. A. Crum, Company H, killed; J. H. Larkins, Company E,
Frank Davenport, Company A, wounded.
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 157
by parts of the Fourth and Fourteenth Corps. From the summit
of the mountain clouds of smoke arose and the thunders of cannon
added interest to the beauty of the landscape.*
Lieutenant Lathrop's experience in the assault of June 22 is
thus related by himself:
"On the morning of June 22, as we were in camp before Kenesaw Moun-
tain, we were aroused early by the glad cry of 'Mail! Mail!' It had just been
brought in by an orderly; and the word was passed around that we could send
out letters by the returning orderly. No one had ink, and few had pencils, but
I had in my pocketbook a powder which required but the addition of a Uttle
water to make it available as ink. While I had the package of ink powder in
my hand we were ordered to fall in line. I put the powder back in my pocket-
book, which I dropped into my left pocket, and almost immediately we marched
into the open. As we reached the foot of the liill upon which the enemy were
posted, I received a Minie ball in my left thigh, the bullet first going through
the pocketbook, and carrying the ink powder vdth it. The powder made a black
spot three or four inches in circumference and prevented all flow of blood. I fell
down, but immediately arose, and shifting my sword to my left hand, I used it
as a cane, and when I found that my leg was not broken a feeling of quiet happi-
ness came over me which I cannot describe. I lay in the hospital in Nash-
ville until about the ist of October, when I got twenty days' leave of absence,
and went home to Milan, Ohio. It is useless to mention the suffering I have
endured on account of my 'Rebel leg' during all the forty years that have
passed since that day. It is still doing 'me fairly good service, although to-day
I weigh only one hundred and twelve pounds instead of one hundred and sixty-
five pounds, as on the day I was wounded."
General Butterfield on the 29th left the command on leave of
absence, and was succeeded by General W. T. Ward, who had com-
manded the First Brigade of the division. General Butterfield did
not return, and General Ward's assignment became permanent.
On July 2, and again on July 4, General Johnston gave testimony
to General Sherman's skill by abandoning his eighth and ninth hues
of works which covered Marietta and Kenesaw Mountain, and
retiring to the Chattahoochee River, where a carefully prepared line
of breastworks, amplified by slashings and abatis and strong pal-
isades, had been erected by the Georgia militia and a force of negro
* Casualties in June; killed, six men; wounded, one officer and twenty-five men.
Charged hill at loot of Kenesaw Mountain. Loss: killed, Sergeant Eri Mesnard, Com-
pany H; Sergeant George Collingwood, and Private Alex. Kennedy, Company D.
Wounded, Lieutenant Philetus C. Lathrop, Company A; Corporal J. H. Rowland, Private
J Zimmerman, Company D; Corporal Milton N. Cowles and Corporal Francis M. Nichols,
Company C; Private J. C. Jones, Company B; Clark M. Cline, Company H.
158 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
laborers. This position did not prove so successful a means of
retarding our arms as General Johnston had hoped. Indeed, the
judgment of General Sherman, as well as that of many military
authorities, was that a line south of the Chattahoochee River could
have been better defended. At any rate, on July 9 the Confederate
Army retired across the river, and the tenth empty Confederate
position was added to our hst of victories. The Union line pushed
forward on the 3d and 4th, the Third Division meeting some op-
position on the Turner's Ferry road. The Fourth Corps had very
heavy fighting on the 4th of July, in which their artillery was very
prominent and very effective.
The dense forests and tangled undergrowth of the Allatoona
Hills now gave way to a country better cleared and affording facilities
for transportation. Here, until Sunday, July 17, there was rest and
some rehef from the intense strain of the pursuit. From a hill near
Vinings Station the spires of Atlanta could be seen, some ten miles
distant. The coveted prize was in view, and the exhausted com-
mand drew fresh energy from the sight.
The month of June had been one of intense activity for all of
General Sherman's army. During the entire month never did the
bugle sound "Forward" without severe skirmishing and fighting
The month was also marked by constant and severe rainstorms
making the roads quagmires, and adding enormously to the diffi-
culties of the advance. The enemy had been able to retire into
positions thoroughly fortified beforehand, having all the appoint-
ments necessary for defence, thus largely neutralizing the prepon-
derance of force enjoyed by the Union Army. The country was
almost an unbroken wilderness, and the Union commanders displayed
skill of a very uncommon sort in moving their long lines through
the tangled and pathless woods without maps and with a minimum
of loss. The average daily loss for the army in killed, wounded, and
missing was about 200 men.
But General Sherman had a task before him worthy of his great
powers. The crossing of the Chattahoochee River in the face of
the Rebel Army commanded by a leader whose Fabian skill we had
tested to our sorrow was the next problem. On June 8 General
Sherman had anticipated this problem and had said to General
Robert W. Pool
Captain, Company A
Philetus C. Lathrop
First Lieutenant, Company A
RusSEi. H. 13e\kr
Captain, Company A
i864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA I59
Halleck: "If he (Johnston) selects the line of the Chattahoochee,
then I must study the case a httle." As a result of this " little study "
the Twenty-third Corps had been relieved from duty on the right
at Turner's Ferry, on the Chattahoochee River, and, by a rapid
march, was sent some twenty miles up the river to Roswell Factory,
where a crossing was effected. The Army of the Tennessee followed,
and on the 17th all the armies were in motion. General McPherson
on the left, General Schofield in the centre, and General Thomas on
the right. As the right of General Thomas's army was but seven
miles from Atlanta, the movement contemplated a right wheel of
the enture line, and the left flank would march four or five times as
far and as fast as the pivot command.
On the 17th the Third Brigade marched at 3 p. m. and, crossing
the Chattahoochee at Pace's Ferry, encamped on Nancy's Creek,
three miles northeast. On the i&th, having reconnoitred the posi-
tion, the Third Division marched some five miles to Buckhead, and
went into camp on the left of the Buckhead-Atlanta road.
On the 19th, while in bivouac, a communication from the Com-
manding General announced a change of commanders in the Con-
federate Army. General Johnston had been superseded by General
John B. Hood. The notice to the command was unusual, stating
that the new Confederate General was a graduate of West Point,
and that his classmates reported that he was of an impetuous, rash,
and confident disposition, and that all commanding officers must
be governed accordingly.
The prospect of meeting the enemy in the open field was hailed
with satisfaction by the whole army, who were heartily tired of
butting up against well constructed breastworks.
Peach Tree Creek, upon the south bank of which General John-
ston had planned his advance line for the defence of Atlanta, runs
nearly due west from the junction of its three branches north of
Atlanta and empties into the Chattahoochee near the railroad bridge.
General Johnston had planned an attack upon the Union armies
when they should be somewhat separated by the different crossings,
and General Hood seems to have endeavored to carry out the plan.
The 20th of July, 1864, is a date to be remembered so long as
the Twentieth Corps shall live in history. The Third Division
l6o TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
crossed Peach Tree Creek not far east of Howell's Mill at 11 a. m.
Upon reaching the higher ground south of the stream we found that
the Fourteenth Corps had marched to the right and formed the right
of the army near the railroad bridge. The First Division of the
Twentieth Corps connected with the left of the Fourteenth Corps,
Geary's second division prolonged the line to the east, and the Third
Division was assigned to cover the ground up to the right of Newton's
division of the Fourth Corps, which was posted on an elevation to
our left and front. It was an intensely hot day, and as the rear of
the command slowly climbed the hill we noticed an effort to hurry
the formation and to double-quick the last regiment into position.
The Une was formed upon a ridge parallel to Peach Tree Creek,
and overlooked the valley of Shoal Creek, a small stream flowing
north. Upon a ridge parallel to, and south of, the one upon which
the Union line was located ran a country road leading from the
Buckhead road to the main Atlanta road. The line was formed,
having upon the front the Twentieth Connecticut and Twenty-sixth
Wisconsin; the second Hne was formed by the Seventy-third Ohio
and the Fifty-Fifth Ohio. On the 17th the Thirty-third Massa-
chusetts had been detailed as train guard for the division, and was
not present with the command. The One Hundred and Thirty-
sixth New York had been detailed to cover the front of the division
as skirmishers. In adjusting the line this regiment was left in front
of the First Division and did not return to the brigade till night.
The skirmishers of the brigade advanced to the ridge in front,
but no immediate movement of the enemy was indicated. About
2:30 P. M., however, signs of activity in the Fourth Corps upon our
left front excited interest; especially the fact, of which the entire
line became aware, that General Thomas was galloping his horse.
The General was a very heavy man, and was methodical and careful
in movement. Riding to a battery near our Une he gave orders, and
as the battery moved, by voice and sword urged it to speed. The
pickets in front began to fire. On our left the Fourth Corps, non-
combatants, ambulances, and camp-followers began to retire rapidly.
Volleys of musketry and cannon began, and it was evident that the
enemy was attacking. The first line of the brigade marched down
the hill and a sharp combat began. The right of the Fourth Corps
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 161
broke back a little, but was soon stayed. Into this gap the enemy
rushed, presenting as they did so their flank to our line. The front
line had been somewhat concealed by bushes in the valley of Shoal
Creek, and the attacking line was delayed by the swampy nature
of the valley. The front Une delivered a most effective fire upon the
Rebel Une, which came on with the dash and spirit of veterans.
This Confederate force consisted of Featherstone's brigade of Loring's
corps, and comprised the First Mississippi Sharpshooters, the
Thirty-third, Third, Twenty-second, Thirty-first, and Fortieth regi-
ments Mississippi infantry, formed from right to left as named.
The roar of volley firing from the entire front of the division as
the attack rolled on like a wave to the west disclosed the plan of the
action, which was to assault the Union hne by successive division
attacks, beginning on our left. Upon the front of the Third Division
the assault was repulsed, but the Confederate line came on again
and again, sullenly retiring and again coming forward as if to reclaim
the dead and wounded which covered the field. For four hours the
contest raged along the whole front of the corps with the same result.
The Seventy-third Ohio was sent to reUeve the Twenty-sixth Wis-
consin in the front line, and the; Fifty-Fifth Ohio was moved at the
double-quick to fill a gap between our left and the right of the Fourth
Corps.
Colonel Ross, who commanded the Twentieth Connecticut upon
this day, in his report of the battle says of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio:
In the early part of the action the Fifty-Fifth Ohio was moved from the
second line to our left to fill the space between our left and the right of the
Fourth Corps. The regiment stood for four hours in the open field, and both
officers and men are entitled to praise for their steadiness in this most obsti-
nate battle.
For the Twentieth Corps this engagement was a most briUiant
feat of arms. Without defences and in the open field, it sustained
an unexpected and furious attack of the enemy. It met this attack
with a counter-charge, repulsed all subsequent attacks, killed and
captured many of the enemy, and held the field. When General
Sherman took final leave of the corps at Louisville one year later,
he referred to this day as the one which gave him absolute confidence
in the valor and reliability of the Twentieth Corps.
l62 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS f'864
The enemy retired to their fortified Une after dark, and i\ tired
soldiers slept on their arms in line of battle. The morning of the
2 1 St showed the ground about Collier's Mill covered with the Con-
federate dead and wounded. Colonel C. P. Wickham relates that
among the dead he noticed a striking figure in the lifeless form of
Colonel J. B. Drake, of the Thirty-third Mississippi, whose tall
form was still in death, but with extended arm, sword in hand, had
an air of resolution and defiance.
The casualties in Featherstone's Confederate brigade of about
1,800 men were: killed, oflScers, 13; men, 65; wounded, officers,
47; men, 346; captured, officers, 10; men, 135 — a total of 616.
General Hooker estimated the entire Rebel loss at 6,400, viz., 4,400
killed and wounded, and 2,000 prisoners. The Union loss was
much less. General Newton reported 100, General Williams 580,
General Geary 476, and General Ward 550 — an average of one-fifth
being killed. General Geary reported 165 iriislsing, doubtless
prisoners, as there was some confusion on his right until the First
Division advanced.
General Hood criticised General Hardee for being slow in his
attack on the Fourth Corps, but a study of the subject leads one to
the belief that the Confederate Army profited by the delay com-
plained of. The Fourteenth Corps was during this time moved to
the right flank and was thus deprived of the opportunity of meeting
the advancing enemy. Besides, Generals Schofield and McPherson
had advanced so fast and so far upon the left as to seriously imperil
General Hood's right flank, and this compelled Hood to call for a
division from General Hardee; he sent General Cleburne's, and
without that command feared to renew the attack.
The 2ist of July was spent in the position captured on the 20th.
General Hooker rode the line in the forenoon, and congratulated
his victorious troops in person. The enemy had withdrawn during
the night, thus siu-rendering his eleventh fortified position, and retired
to the works which contrabands and state troops had erected for
the defence of Atlanta. On July 22 the advance was resumed and
by a march of tliree miles the division reached a point but two miles
from the centre of the city. Here, deployed in two lines, the com-
mand fortified a position, although under a severe picket fire. On
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1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 163
the 23 d the brigade marched about a mile to the right and worked
all night building works between the Marietta road and the railroad.
On the 24th the left of the brigade hne was advanced to correct
the alignment, and at dayUght of the 25th the position was occupied.
The intense heat caused much suffering, wliich was abated by sub-
stantial screens of poles roofed with boughs and leaves, which were
erected in all exposed positions. The brigade was reheved on the
26th by General Ruger's brigade of the First Division, and took a
position in the second line, thankful to get a respite for only a few
hours from the intense strain of skirmishing and picket duty.
While the Twentieth Corps was, on the 2isf, 2 2d, and following
days, pressing close upon the forts and Unes which defended Atlanta
on the north, the Confederate General had rapidly moved Hardee's
corps of four divisions to the extreme right of his hne, and by a
march which mihtary students have pronounced admirable, placed
himself square on the flank and rear of the Union left, near Decatur.
The right and centre of the Confederate Army co-operated with this
movement, which resulted in the battle of Atlanta, in which General
McPherson was killed, but the Confederate forces were repulsed
with a loss of fully 10,000 men; the Union loss being 3,521 killed
and wounded, and ten pieces of artillery. In this battle the troops
of the Army of the Tennessee and the Army of Ohio exhibited
unequalled fighting abihty, and then: commanding officers cool-
headed, resourceful strength equal to any emergency.
The death of General McPherson resulted in the selection of
General 0.0. Howard as his successor, and the choice proved to
be an ideal one. Conscientious, loyal, and true, he had a happy
faculty of obeying orders with cheerful alacrity. The soldiers of
the Eleventh Corps were interested in the appointment, as they had
served with General Howard at Chancellorsville and at Gettysburg,
and also in the campaign about Chattanooga. His appointment
was recommended by both Generals Sherman and Thomas. His
experience in handhng large bodies of men in the field had been
gained by service with General McClellan in the battles about Rich-
mond (where he lost an arm), with General Burnside at Fredericks-
burg, with General Hooker in the Chancellorsville campaign, with
General Meade in the Gettysburg campaign, and with both Generals
l64 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Sherman and Thomas in the Chattanooga and Knoxville campaigns.
This experience had made him a fit companion for Thomas and
Schofield, and subsequent events proved the 'wisdom of General
Sherman's selection.
General Hooker felt aggrieved by this appointment, and on the
29th inst. met the officers of the Third Division and bade them
adieu. He had won the esteem and confidence of the corps as a
commander in the field, and his departure was sincerely regretted,
as thoughtful soldiers felt that he was missing a great opportunity.
General Sherman's armies had now pushed the enemy back
into the defences of Atlanta, and for two or three days picket firing
and fierce skirmishing continued, as the line? were pushed closer
and closer to those of the enemy. On the 27th General Sherman
marched the Army of the Tennessee from the extreme left to the
extreme right of his line, which followed the defences of Atlanta,
curving to the west and south. Davis's division of the Fourteenth
Corps was marched via the Turner's Ferry road to the right flank
of the line. On July 28 General Hood again assaulted the Union
flanks, choosing on this occasion the right flank. At Ezra Church,
near the Almshouse, he made a daring attempt to envelop the Union
right, but was repulsed, losing about 5,000 men. Upon this occa-
sion General Logan, although aggrieved by the appointment of
General Howard to the command of the Army of the Tennessee,
which he had a right to expect would be awarded to him, served so
cordially, so loyally, and so efficiently as to win imperishable laurels
as the ideal volunteer, knowing not his own but his country's welfare.
On July 30 the Third Division of the Twentieth Corps was
marched to the extreme right, where it formed line in support of
the advanced position and remained there until August 2. On
that date it returned to the right of the Twentieth Corps, near the
railroad, having the Second Division on the left and the Sixteenth
Corps on the right. Breastworks were made, only to be abandoned
on the 8th as the line moved forward closer to the defences of the
enemy. Again on the loth a new advance line was occupied and
still another on the 13th. About August 10 a battery of four and
one-half inch Parrott guns was established near the left of the brigade,
which fired into Atlanta along the line of Marietta Street. This
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 165
battery fired a shot every five minutes with a regularity which became
monotonous. The elevations near at hand were also armed with
guns of various calibre, and these joined daily in bombarding the
town. The ceaseless picket firing, skirmishing, and daily combats,
large and small, rendered the service upon this part of the line the
most trying yet experienced.
General Sherman at last determined to make a general move-
ment which should bring on a general engagement or force the
evacuation of the city. On the 24th of August he gave orders to
cut loose from the breastworks and, leaving the Twentieth Corps
to guard the rear, to march far south upon the communications of
the enemy. On the morning of August 25 the Twentieth Connec-
ticut, of the Third Brigade, marched to Turner's Ferry, on the
Chattahoochee River, north of Atlanta, where it was directed to
prepare a line of works for the brigade. At 8 p. m. the brigade
retired from the scene of so much labor and danger and marched
across Proctor's Creek, where it halted until 2 a. m., awaiting a
movement of the Fourth Corps. The march was then continued,
and at 5 a. m. of the 26th the command went into fine of battle,
covering Turner's Ferry, facing Atlanta, having the left resting on
the Chattahoochee River and the right connecting with the Second
Brigade, which extended to the river below the ferry. The First
Brigade and the other divisions of the corps were placed to protect
the railroad bridge and other crossings of the river to the east.
The 26th and 27th passed in vigorous work on a line of breast-
works; but about 2 p. M. of the 27th a Confederate force, said to be
two brigades of infantry and four guns, under command of Major-
General French, made a sharp attack upon the position, evidently
with a view to learn its location and strength. The attack was
received with spirit, and the Confederates soon retired. Major-
General H. W. Slocum, who had been appointed to the command
of the Twentieth Corps on General Hooker's retirement, arrived at
the railroad bridge on the 27th, and at once assumed command,
relieving General A. S. Williams, temporarily commanding.
The position at Turner's Ferry was held until September 2
without loss, except that private John Shea of Company I was
captured while foraging almost in sight of the position, and with
l66 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
him Major Wickham's horse. John Shea was a good soldier, and
when he came back to the command in Washington at the Grand
Review he was sorely tried by the good-natured chaffing he received.
On September 2 a reconnoitring expedition under command of
Colonel John Coburn was sent out. The force consisted of 500
men from the Second Brigade and 400 men from the Third Brigade,
the latter detachment being commanded by Major C. P. Wickham
of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio.* This force skirmished with a few mounted
men and sentinels, but soon drove them, and in the outskirts of the
city was met by Mr. Calhoun, Mayor of Atlanta, and a party of
citizens, who formally surrendered the place.
General Sherman had, since the 25th of August, marched the
armies under his command to the south of Atlanta, and by a series
of masterly movements so threatened General Hood's communica-
tions as to draw his entire army from the city. At Rough and
Ready, at Lovejoy's, and at Jonesborough the Rebel forces were deci-
sively beaten. One can imagine the exultation which filled Sherman's
heart and that of his army as he read General Slocum's dispatch that
Atlanta was occupied by our army. He expressed the joy of all his
soldiers when he telegraphed President Lincoln, on September 2,
"Atlanta is ours, and fairly won." When General Hood rode out
of Atlanta on the night of September i, he knew that the army
under his command had given up to the Union forces in this cam-
paign twelve fortified positions, of which Atlanta was the chief and
last.
The force under Major Wickham did not return to the camp at
Turner's Ferry, but was posted as guards, and on September 4 the
brigade marched into Atlanta and encamped on the McDonough
road south of the city. Here the Twentieth Corps rested and
repaired the fatigues and losses of the campaign. The four months
of 1864 from May 2 to September 2 had taught officers and soldiers
many lessons in the art of war. The skill of the generals of the con-
tending armies was supplemented by the courage and activity of
Anglo-Saxon volunteers, who, to bravery, joined ingenuity and intel-
Ugence of a high order. General Sherman had the satisfaction of
seeing in the armies he led a real patriotic organization, animated
*The detail from the Fifty-Fifth Ohio comprised forty men under Captain Charles
M.Smith.
George Collingwood
Sergeant, Company D
Kii.LKi) JiiNF. 22. 1864, IN Battle of
Kenesaw Mountain
George W. Holloway
Company D
1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 167
with respect for each other's soldierly qualities, and as loyal to each
other as to the cause for which they fought. It is true, mistakes
were made during the campaign, as they always will be made, but,
in the language of General J. D. Cox, "He would be a rash critic
who would confidently assert that he could find better means to
attain desired ends than those which were employed in attack, or
defence, over a hundred miles of mountains and forests in northern
Georgia in 1864."
CHAPTER X
THE MARCH TO THE SEA
THE occupation of Atlanta by the Twentieth Corps marked the
cessation of active operations by General Sherman's armies,
which since May 2 had endured a terrific strain. The Confederate
Army concentrated near Lovejoy's Station was not molested, and
the Union armies retired, the Army of the Ohio to Decatur and the
Army of the Tennessee to East Point. The Army of the Cumber-
land had been grouped around Atlanta. The Twentieth Corps
occupied the city and its environs. A new hne of defences suited
to a smaller force was laid out by Colonel O. M. Poe, Chief of
Engineers on General Sherman's staff, and details from the several
corps of the Army of the Cumberland were set actively to work on
them.
The strenuous activity of the summer was relaxed, and a period
of rest was enjoyed. A raid upon our railroad communications by
the Rebel cavalry under General Wheeler made forage scarce, and
foraging expeditions were sent out. One of these, under Colonel
Dustin of the One Hundred and Fifth Illinois, consisted of 928
wagons and ambulances, guarded by a force of 400 cavalry under
Colonel Garrard, and about 2,800 infantry, all from the Twentieth
Corps, Lieutenant-Colonel Hurst of the Seventy-third Ohio Infantry
being chief field officer. One hundred and seven of the wagons were
in charge of Lieutenant Taber, Regimental Quartermaster, Fifty-
Fifth Ohio Infantry. This expedition marched to Decatur, from
which place convoys of wagons were sent to plantations where corn
was stored, and on the 23d of September the train returned, having
secured more than 600,000 pounds of shelled corn and a great quan-
tity of other suppHes. Subsequent expeditions were sent out October
II, 16, 21, and 26, but they comprised fewer wagons and were more
easily handled.
The City of Atlanta had as a miUtary governor Colonel William
Cogswell of the Second Massachusetts, who had as a Provost Guard
1 68
1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 169
the Second and Thirty-third Massachusetts and the One Hundred
and Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry. The bands of the Second and
Thirty-third Massachusetts, which were superior organizations, had
time for practice, and dress parades and guard mounting gave
opportunity for some of the display of garrison hfe.
General Sherman's expressed intention to make Atlanta a fortified
base for further operations led to his celebrated order directing
citizens to remove from the city with their families. This order
gave rise to an acrimonious exchange of letters between General
Sherman and General Hood, the latter vigorously remonstrating
against what he termed an inhuman order. General Sherman's
terse reply left little to be said. The evacuation was conducted
through commissioners from both armies, who co-operated in a
friendly manner. The hardships of enforced leave-takings were
Hghtened as much as possible, and when the commissioners separated
it was with mutual respect.
The Fifty-Fifth had a pleasant camp on the McDonough road
and passed the month of September comfortably, save for the daily
details for work on the defences. Rest, ample food, and an occa-
sional foraging expedition brought the command into splendid con-
dition. On September 26 Newton's division of the Fourth Corps,
and on the 29th Morgan's division of the Fourteenth Corps, were
sent to Chattanooga to reinforce the troops operating against General
Forrest's Confederate cavalry, who were endeavoring to destroy the
Union lines of supply leading from Nashville and Memphis to
Chattanooga. General Thomas was directed to take command of
all troops operating in defence of those lines, and he moved his
headquarters to Nashville, arriving October 3.
Early in October signs of activity gave notice of a pending move-
ment, occasioned by the movements of General Hood's army.
Having been manoeuvred out of Atlanta, General Hood on September
18 assembled his discouraged forces, and after a short rest at Love-
joy's, moved to the west a few miles, covering the Atlanta and West
Point Railroad at Palmetto Station, and threw a pontoon bridge
across the Chattahoochee River.
From September 25 to 27 President Davis visited Hood's army
and endeavored to restore its confidence and renew its courage by
17© TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [18O4
promising a campaign against the Union communications. Acting
upon this suggestion, General Hood began his movement on October
I, and by October 4 had encamped his whole army in General
Sherman's rear, near Lost Mountain. Hood's corps, now commanded
by General A. P. Hill, was detached to move against Big Shanty on
the Atlanta and West Point Railroad, which he occupied October
3, destroying the railroad toward Acworth and Allatoona. General
Wheeler at the same time with a large force of cavalry appeared
before Resaca, demanding its surrender; but General Weaver refused,
and Wheeler retired, having damaged the railroad. General Stewart
returned to the main army at Dallas, but detached the division of
General French to capture the fortress of Allatoona, which was
attempted on October 5. The heroic and successful defence of this
post by General Corse, with a force of but 1,800 men to meet the
Confederate column of 5,000, was one of the notable events of the
war. General Sherman made it the subject of a congratulatory
order, which emphasized the valuable results of determined resistance
in like cases. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio heard with pleasure of the
heroism of a signal officer, Mr. John Q. Adams, who there gave
evidence of that gallantry which afterwards in the regular army
gave him distinction.
General Hood, desiring to draw General Sherman away from
Georgia, continued his march northward. He crossed the Coosa
River ten miles northeast of Rome on October 11, and by the 20th
had reached Gadsden, Alabama, where he rested and prepared for
that reckless campaign which ended in his complete destruction
December 25, before Nashville.
General Sherman marched his army in pursuit of General Hood
on October 3, and, following through Rome and Resaca, concen-
trated at Gaylesville, Alabama, October 20. This ended the pursuit
of Hood. In his memoirs General Sherman says that the movement
which he now began took form in his mind when Hood began his
march for the Union communications. It is certainly a demonstra-
tion of his genius for war that he then clearly saw that he could
divide his army, leaving a portion to defeat his enemy, and with the
other portion go on to fresh fields and to the very heart of the enemy's
source of supplies. He now felt certain that General Thomas could
James L. Seeley
Company D
Died Sept. 8, 1864, of Wounds
Moses Pugh
Sergeant, Company H
Commissioned Second Lieutenant
July 10, 1865 (xot mustered)
1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 171
with the forces assigned him protect the territory north of Atlanta
and whip any Confederate force that could be brought against him.
He had already sent the Fourth Corps to Chattanooga, and on
October 30 decided to send the Twenty-third Corps to General
Thomas. These detachments reduced his armies to four corps,
namely, the Fourteenth, Twentieth, Fifteenth, and Seventeenth.
Every energy was directed toward preparation for the projected
campaign. General Howard was directed to concentrate the Army
of the Tennessee near Kingston on the Etowah River. The Four-
teenth Corps was grouped about Marietta, and the Twentieth Corps
in and about Atlanta.
The railroad, which had been broken in many places by General
Hood's army, was repaired in an amazingly short time.
Rigid inspections eHminated all sick men and those unable to
do heavy duty. These were sent back to Chattanooga, and there
organized by General Thomas into guards for forts and depots of
supplies. Wagon-trains were carefully loaded with ammunition,
hard bread, and coffee, and on November 10 the movement began.
General Corse at Rome began the advance, first destroying all mills
and factories which might be useful to the enemy. On November
12 General Sherman received his last telegram from the North. It
was from General Thomas, and stated that he was confident of his
ability to destroy the enemy in his front. General Hood began his
march toward the Ohio River November 13. General Sherman
noted this as an interesting coincidence — " two hostile armies march-
ing in opposite directions, each in the full belief of reaching a final
conclusive result in a great war."
The Twentieth Corps had not been molested in Atlanta during
this campaign to the rear, except that on November 9 the Rebel
General Iverson, with a force of about 800 cavalry and four guns,
made a dash upon the lines to learn whether they were strongly
held. No harm resulted, but a lively fire from the pickets assured
him of the presence of the Union troops in force.
By November 14 all the detachments of General Sherman's army
between Rome and Atlanta had arrived at or near the latter city,
having destroyed as they marched the railroad and bridges behind
them.
172 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
On November 8 and 9 General Sherman had prepared two
special field orders, which were now issued to the army. These orders
are so complete and admirable that the full text is given.
Special Field Order No. 119.
Headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi. In the field, Kingston, Ga.,
November 8, 1864.
The general commanding deems it proper at this time to inform the officers
and men of the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twentieth corps that
he has organized them into an army for a special purpose, well known to the
War Department and to General Grant. It is sufficient for you to know that it
involves a departure from our present base, and a long and difficult march
to a new one. All the chances of war have been considered and provided for,
as far as human sagacity can. All he asks of you is to maintain that discip-
line, patience, and courage which have characterized you in the past; and he
hopes, through you, to strike a blow at our enemy that will have a material
effect in producing what we all desire, his complete overthrow. Of all things,
the most important is, that the men, during marches and in camp, keep their
places and do not scatter about as stragglers or foragers, to be picked up by a
hostile people in detail. It is also of the utmost importance that our wagons should
not be loaded vdth anything but provisions and ammunition; all surplus ser-
vants, non-combatants, and refugees should now go to the rear, and none should
be encouraged to encumber us on the march. At some future time we will
be able to provide for the poor whites and blacks who seek to escape the bond-
age under which they are now suffering. With these few simple cautions, he
hopes to lead you to achievements equal in importance to those of the past.
By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,
L. M. Dayton, Aide-de-Camp.
Special Field Order No. 120.
Headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi. In the field, Kingston, Ga.,
November 9, 1864.
1 . For the purpose of military operations, this army is divided into two
wrings, viz. The right wing, Major-General O. O. Howard commanding, com-
posed of the Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps; the left wing, Major-General
H. W. Slocum commanding, composed of the Fourteenth and Twentieth
corps.
2. The habitual order of march will be, wherever practicable, by four
roads, as nearly parallel as possible, and converging at points hereafter to be
indicated in orders. The cavalry, Brigadier-General Kilpatrick commanding,
will receive special orders from the Commander-in-Chief.
3. There will be no general train of supplies, but each corps will have its
ammunition-train and provision-train, distributed habitually as follows:
behind each regiment should follow one wagon and one ambulance; behind
each brigade should follow a due proportion of ammunition-wagons, provision-
1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 173
wagons, and ambulances. In case of clanger, each corps commander should
change this order of march, by having his advance and rear brigades unen-
cumbered by wheels. The separate columns will start habitually at 7 A. M.,
and make about fifteen miles per day, unless otherwise fixed in orders.
4. The army will forage hberally on the country during the march. To
this end, each brigade commander will organize a good and sufficient foraging
party, under the command of one or more discreet officers, who will gather
near the route traveled corn or forage of any kind, meat of any kind, corn meal,
or whatever is needed by the command, aiming at all truces to keep in the wagons
at least ten days' provisions for his command, and three days' forage. Soldiers
must not enter the dwelhngs of the inhabitants; or commit any trespass; but
during a halt or camp they may be permitted to gather turnips, potatoes, and
other vegetables, and to drive stock in sight of their camp. To regular foraging
parties must be intrusted the gathering of provisions and forage at any distance
from the road travelled.
5. To corps commanders alone is intrusted the power to destroy mills,
houses, cotton-gins, etc.; and for them this general principle is laid down: In
districts and neighborhoods where the army is unmolested, no destruction of such
property should be permitted; but should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest
our march, or should the inhabitants bum bridges, obstruct our roads, or other-
wise manifest local hostility, then army commanders should order and enforce
a devastation more or less relentless, according to the measure of such
hostiUty.
6. As for horses, mules, wagons, etc., belonging to the inhabitants, the
cavalry and artillery may appropriate freely without limit; discriminating,
however, between the rich, who are usually hostile, and the poor and industrious,
usually neutral or friendly. Foraging parties may also take mules or horses
to replace jaded animals of their trains, or to serve as pack mules for the regi-
ments or brigades. In all foraging, of whatever kind, the parties engaged will
refrain from abusive or threatening language, and may, where the officer in
command thinks proper, give written certificates of the facts, but no receipts;
and they will endeavor to leave with each family a reasonable portion for their
maintenance.
7. Negroes who are able-bodied and can be of service to the several columns
may be taken along; but each army commander ■will bear in mind that the
question of supplies is a very important one, and that his first duty is to see
to those who bear arms.
8. The organization at once of a good pioneer battalion for each army
corps, composed, if possible, of negroes, should be attended to. This battalion
should follow the advance guard, repair roads, and double them if possible, so
that the columns will not be delayed after reaching bad places. Also, army
commanders should practise the habit of giving the artillery and wagons the
road, marching their troops on one side, and instruct their troops to assist
wagons at steep hills or bad crossings of streams.
174 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
9. Captain O. M. Poe, chief engineer, will assign to each wing of the
army a pontoon train fully equipped and organized; and the commanders
thereof will see to their being protected at all times.
By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,
L. M. Dayton, Aide-de-Camp.
The army was divided into two wings. The right wing, com-
manded by Major-General O. O. Howard, comprised the Fifteenth
Corps and the Seventeenth Corps; and the left wing, commanded
by Major-General H. W. Slocum, comprised the Fourteenth and
Twentieth corps. The latter corps was commanded by Brigadier-
General A. S. Williams, an officer of great experience, who had the
confidence of the men and officers, and was highly esteemed by
General Sherman. The three divisions of the Twentieth Corps
were commanded by Brigadier- Generals N. J. Jackson, J. W. Geary,
and W. T. Ward. The cavalry of the army consisted of two brigades
under Brigadier-General Judson Kilpatrick, and numbered about
S,ooo sabres. The entire army numbered 62,264 nien of all arms
and sixty-five cannon. The trains comprised 2,500 wagons, having
six mules to each, and 600 ambulances, with two horses to each.
The trains were divided equally between the corps, so that each
corps had about 800 wagons, which on the march occupied about
five miles of road. The troops carried about forty rounds of ammu-
nition per man, and 160 rounds per man was carried in the train.
General Sherman was now in personal command of an army of
60,000 veteran troops, fully equipped, enthusiastic, and in all respects
equal to the task proposed, which was to demonstrate to the world
the force and strength of the Union, the abihty of its generals, and
the hollowness of the Confederacy. On November 14 the work of
destroying the mills, warehouses, and depots in Atlanta was com-
pleted by a corps of engineers under Colonel Poe. The walls and
supports of the buildings were knocked down by an ingenious
battering ram constructed of bars of railroad iron swung in chains
from a tripod, and fire completed the destruction. Great care was
taken to burn only buildings of public importance, and very few
if any dwellings were destroyed.
Early in the morning of Tuesday, November 15, the long lines
of the Twentieth Corps began to pour out on the road leading east,
Benjamin C. Taber
Quartermaster, Fifty-Fifth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry
Henry J. Pelton
Quartermaster-Sergeant, Fifty-Fifth
Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
Commissioned First Lieutenant
July io, 1865 (not mustered)
1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 17S
and the cheerful columns, with elastic step, leaving the smoking ruins
behind them, marched on, singing "John Brown's body Ues moulder-
ing in the grave, but his soul is marcliing on." The roads upon
which the four corps marched quickly diverged beyond the city limits.
The Twentieth Corps, upon the left, marched nearly east via Decatur
and Stone Mountain, and seemed to threaten Augusta. The Four-
teenth Corps took a road a httle south, but still bearing east. The
right wing marched almost south via Jonesborough and threat-
ened Macon, but soon turned east. At the farthest point of diver-
gence from right to left the front of this great army covered fifty miles
of country, thus conceahng the real objective point and confusing
the plans of the enemy. Within the limits of this broad swath the
people felt the hand of war. General Sherman's orders provided
for an orderly system of collecting provisions and forage. The men
detailed were assembled before dawn, placed in charge of an ofl&cer,
usually a major appointed for the day by the general commanding
the division. They were informed where the camp for the night
would be found, and started out ahead and on each flank of the
marching column to seek farms and plantations where food for man
or beast could be obtained. The enemy, at first supposing the move-
ment of the army to be upon Macon, assembled their cavalry on
the right flank, and few or none were seen by the foragers of the
left wing. The absence of an opposing force made them bold, and
when after a few days small squads of the enemy's cavalry appeared,
these veteran infantrymen, accustomed to the skirmish line, showed
a bold front and proved themselves fully competent not only to
defend themselves, but often to act as scouts and to secure valuable
information. On more than one occasion the generals were advised
by the foragers of the enemy's movements before the regular cavalry
force could perform that service.
The State of Georgia, from the hills upon which Atlanta is situated
to the sea, is a gently rolling plain, fairly fertile, especially along
the streams, which, rising in the foothills of the Alleghanies, flow
generally in a southeasterly direction. The principal rivers east
of Atlanta are the Oconee, Ocmulgee, Ogeechee, and Savannah.
The march of General Sherman's army was at first between the
Ocmulgee and the Oconee. From the first day out of Atlanta the
176 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
foraging squads brought in an abundance of supplies. As the march-
ing column neared its camp at night, at each cross-road would be
found the party waiting to join its command. The ability of the
American soldier to get fun out of any and everything came out
strong. Wagons, carriages, buggies, in short, every vehicle was
seized and loaded with the spoils of the day. Animals of every
description and all sorts and sizes furnished power; and too often
the foragers presented themselves arrayed in motley finery of ancient
date and fashion, and of no earthly use, except to add a fantastic
air to the march of the invading army. These rolling plains were
fairly well cleared and cultivated, and proved to be a veritable
granary. The grotesque cavalcades nightly unloaded bacon, hams,
sides, smoked and fresh meats, sweet potatoes, flour, meal, molasses,
corn, fowls, ducks, geese, and turkeys; cows, often yoked with mules
or horses, and drawing carts; sheep and hogs; and on more than one
load a hive of honey gave evidence to the enterprise as well as the
sweet tooth of the forager. The appetite of an army on the march
depending on the country for subsistence is large, and the waste was
enormous. General Sherman told a member of the band of the
Thirty-third Massachusetts that his armies were destroying one
and a half million dollars worth of supplies daily. We were fighting
the armies of the Confederacy by depriving them of subsistence.
The first two days upon the road were tiresome enough. The
advance moved with ease, but the long train of artillery and wagons
did not get its marching organization adjusted at first, and tiresome
delays ensued. Only nine miles was covered on the 15th, and the
rear marched or loitered all night. The route passed Decatur and
the great boulder of granite called Stone Mountain, and on the i6th
fifteen miles was easily made, camping on the Yellow River. The
17th found us at Sheffield, seventeen miles farther, and on the i8th
Social Circle gave us a good camp, but httle rest, for here began the
destruction of the Georgia Railroad. Geary's division was sent a
few miles east to destroy the railroad bridge over the Oconee River
at the junction of the Appalachee.
The troops were well versed in the destruction of railroads by
this time. The usual method was to form a line of men facing the
track, each one at a command lifting on a rail or tie and raising
1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 177
it to the height of the shoulder. At a signal the line, stepping back
a pace, threw the structure violently down, which resulted in a break
at a weak point. Sturdy arms and willing hands detached a rail
here and there and soon the line was broken to fragments. The
ties, piled up cob-house fashion, were fired, and the rails, laid on top
of the burning ties, soon heated and became soft, easily twisted, and
bent, so as to be unserviceable. A favorite method was to wind
the hot rails about trees, where, when cooled, they were destined to
furnish a serious problem when repairs were undertaken. Often
the softened irons were bent into the letters U. S. and, when displayed
on an incHned surface, such as a cutting afforded, they furnished a
mute reminder to the advocate of States' rights of the strength and
majesty of the Union cause.
General Sherman did not cross the Oconee here, but began to
concentrate his forces at and near Milledgeville, keeping within
the peninsula formed by the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers. Follow-
ing and destroying the Georgia Railroad, on November 19 the
Twentieth Corps marched via Rutledge to Madison. This was a
beautiful village sixty miles east of Atlanta, and was the home of
Senator Joshua Hill, who, although conservative, did not escape
loss. Cotton stored near the railroad station was fired, and the
jail near the public square gave up its whips and paddles to increase
the big bonfire in the public square. The bands played as the
column marched through the town, attracting crowds of negroes,
who often joined the marching column, sure that their day of freedom
had arrived.
At night the camp was crowded with the contrabands. Leaving
their homes, they attached themselves to the first soldier who spoke
kindly to them, and blindly followed the army in march and camp.
The night marches, illuminated by blazing fences and cotton-gins,
vocal with songs and at every halt enlivened with dances, was more
like a picnic than the march of an invading army. On Sunday,
the 20th, rain fell heavily, the roads were heavy, the weather grew
cold, and there was much discomfort; but twelve miles was soon
marched and the advance had a comfortable rest. The cold rain
continued through the 21st, and the command made fifteen miles,
moving southeast to Eatonton. On the 22d the corps reached
178 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Milledgeville, the capital of Georgia, and learned of the ludicrous
scenes of the day before, when the Governor, Joseph Brown, and the
legislature made an undignified exit. The Fourteenth Corps
arrived and camped near the city, and the right wing under General
Howard was reported at Gordon, on the Central Railroad about
six miles south. The right wing had enjoyed a prosperous march;
the railroad from Atlanta to Jonesborough and from near Macon to
Gordon had been thoroughly destroyed without casualty worthy of
notice, except that at Griswoldville, near Macon, a hastily organized
force of militia had engaged Walcutt's brigade of the Fifteenth
Corps, and had been repulsed with serious loss. These Confederate
troops were marched south, and, taking the Savannah and Gulf
Railroad at Thomasville, reached Savannah in time to take part
in the defence of that city.
The armies concentrated about Milledgeville were in high spirits.
The State House, a handsome structure of Grecian style, was made
the scene of a mock session of the legislature, at which, among other
pranks, the ordinance of secession was duly repealed after furious de-
bate and much display of wit and eloquence. More serious business
was transacted at the arsenal, which contained a few thousand pikes
and cutlasses and also twenty or thirty cases of muskets, all of
which, with some ammunition and other military suppUes, were
burned. Few citizens remained in the town, but the streets were
tilled with a crowd of curious and deUghted negroes, who indulged
:n fantastic manifestations of joy. The camp of the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio was on the west side of the town, and the 23d was a day of
rest. On Thursday, November 24, the march was resumed, but
the order of the columns was changed. The Fourteenth Corps
took the outside roads on the left, the Twentieth and Seventeenth
corps the centre, and the Fifteenth Corps the extreme right, all
marching east. The cavahry, which had covered the right and rear,
now moved across our front and took a route leading both north
and east, on the left front, and threatened Augusta. General Kil-
patrick intended to cross the railroad leading from Savannah to
Augusta, and if possible release the prisoners confined in the Millen
prison pen, who were reported to be suffering from hunger and cold
and the lack of all comforts; but they were removed before he could
Jay Kling, M.D.
Surgeon, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry
Joseph Hebble
Surgeon, Fifty-Fifth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry
James C. Myers
Assist.wt Surgeon, Fifty-Fifth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry
1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 179
reach that point. General Wheeler, with a large force of Confederate
cavalry, met General Kilpatrick near Waynesborough, and severe
skirmishing and fighting ensued. The Union cavalry retired upon
the infantry column, and then, supported by General Baird's division,
advanced, and, after a severe battle, routed the Confederates and
pursued them beyond Waynesborough.
The Twentieth Corps had two toilsome days on the 24th and
25th, marching twenty miles over the swamps of BlufE Creek and
Buffalo Creek, corduroying the bottomless roads with small trees,
which enabled the trains to move, although so slowly that it was
morning of the 26th before the town of Sandersville was reached.
The Fourteenth Corps arrived by a converging road the same day.
The First and Second divisions of the Twentieth Corps were now
sent south six miles to Tennille Station, on the Central Railroad,
which was destroyed to the Ogeechee River, and the long bridge
over the river as well. The Third Division, with the trains, marched
directly east through Davisborough to Louisville and crossed the
Ogeechee River at Conrad's Bridge on the 29th, having marched
forty miles. The corps was united at Louisville and camped about
the town. Supplies still were abundant and the roads good, except
at river swamp crossings.
Having passed the Ogeechee River, we now entered the penin-
sula formed by the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers. Cypress
swamps, whose trees were adorned with festoons of Spanish moss,
appeared. The long waving tufts of moss look like bunches of flax
ready to spin. The pine forests are interspersed with laurel, and
with an occasional Hve-oak spreading long level arms. Ttie soil
grows sandy and thin, and foragers find supplies begin to be less
abundant. From December i to 3 the column marched forty miles,
passing Buckhead Church, and on the 3d crossed the Augusta Rail-
road three miles above Millen. Many of the soldiers visited the
Rebel prison and returned full of the horrors of the place, finding
only sod houses or holes in the earth, and bodies of Union prisoners
lying unburied. The march now turned southeast via Springfield,
which was reached December 6, after a hard march of thirty-four
miles. Cold rains, miry roads, and a dense forest of pine and
cypress hung with long festoons of moss, made it a gloomy route.
l8o TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
We had rumors of fighting toward Augusta by the cavalry and the
Fourteenth Corps, which proved afterwards to have been a severe
cavalry contest, in which General Kilpatrick, with the brigades of
Murray and Atkins, supported by General Baird's division of the
Fourteenth Corps, whipped General Wheeler and his seven brigades
of cavalry very thoroughly. After this battle at Waynesliorough the
enemy was more respectful. General Wheeler sent a large part of
his force across the Savannah River and observed the progress of
our army as the corps marched south with ease toward Savannah.
On December 8 the Third Division of the Twentieth Corps marched
due east, crossing the Monteith Swamp with much difficulty. Here,
at the station on the Augusta Raikoad called Monteith, an effort
was made to stop our progress, and we encountered a fort armed
with artillery and manned by a force of some 400 men. A flanking
force of the First Brigade soon routed the enemy out of the fort
and the column marched south on the Planters' Causeway, with no
delay. General Hardee had arranged to defend Savannah by a
line of forts from Monteith Station on the Augusta Railroad to
King's Bridge over the Ogeechee River, hoping not only to delay
the approach of our army, but also to save the railroad bridge over
the Savannah River; but the march of the Fifteenth Corps on the
right bank of the Ogeechee flanked all these defences and compelled
the enemy to retire upon the defences of the city proper. On
December 10 the First Division of the Twentieth Corps held the
advance, marching along the railroad and destroying as they marched.
The Third Division proceeded to the front to guard the force at work,
and this arrangement brought the Third Division to the main line
of the defences of the city, about four miles out, at 2 p. m. A strong
line of earthworks, which also displayed artillery, compeUed the
column to halt and form in line of battle.
The city of Savannah had a population of some 25,000 people.
It is located upon an elevation some five miles by eight miles in
extent, rising about forty feet above the surrounding country. The
region between the city and the open sea, about fifteen miles distant,
is scarcely above tide water, and is strongly marked by numerous
water-courses, very crooked and bordered by salt marshes, which are
afloat at high tide. Upon such elevations as were suitable were
1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 181
constructed defences against attack from the side toward the ocean,
and in the rear, where the Union Army approached, the numerous
ditches and canals where rice was cultivated proved a valuable aid
to the defence of the city, as they were flooded and proved more
effective than earthworks.
The peninsula formed by the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers is
for a long distance from twelve to fifteen miles in width. It is also
divided by the Little Ogeechee River. About four miles north and
west of Savannah a succession of elevations affords sites for planta-
tions, and upon these, running from Williamson's Plantation on the
Savannah River opposite the head of Hutchinson's Island to King's
Bridge over the Ogeechee, a distance of fifteen miles, General
Sherman placed his army, having the Twentieth Corps on
the left, and the other corps, the Fourteenth, Seventeenth, and
Fifteenth, in the order named.
The Savannah River is marked by numerous islands, which divide
it into two and sometimes three channels, which are navigable.
At its mouth upon Cockspur Island were the ruins of Fort
Pulaski, where an Ohio general, Quincy A. Gillmore, gave, in 1862,
an object lesson to the world by battering down a fortification with
artillery at a distance. Hutchinson's Island, about five miles in
length, Hes opposite Savannah, its lower end being occupied by a
portion of the Confederate Army for the protection of the pontoon
bridge to the Carolina shore, which was General Hardee's only
fine of supply and retreat. Above this lies Argyle Island, two miles
in length, which, with Onslow's Island, divides the stream into three
channels. The Ogeechee River, receiving the Little Ogeechee near
the ocean, flows in a crooked and tortuous way to Ossabaw Sound,
where our navy was on the watch for signs of our arrival. Only
Fort McAllister prevented the immediate presence of our supply
vessels at King's Bridge. This fort, situated on Genesis Point,
was fairly well armed with seven heavy guns and eight field pieces,
and garrisoned by a force of 200 men under Major G. W. Anderson.
It was of course built to face the ocean, and the rear was not well
protected, but some attempt was hastily made to strengthen that
face by a ditch, abatis, and by torpedoes, which had been thickly
planted near the ditch. General Hazen's division of the Fifteenth
l82 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Corps had been designated to assault the fort, and at sunset of
December 13, under the eyes of General Sherman, who was on the
roof of a rice-mill about two miles distant, this division charged, and
in fifteen minutes captured the fort and garrison, sustaining a loss
of twenty-four killed and loi injured, the defenders losing forty-
eight men killed and wounded. This capture was of immense
importance to General Sherman's army, as it. opened up a line of
supplies to the army, now greatly in need of clothing and ammuni-
tion. In the mean time the army subsisted, the men upon rice and
the animals on rice straw. A visit to the rice-mill at Tweedside on
the Savannah River was a most interesting incident. The mill was
located on an elevation made very attractive by a noble grove of
live-oaks, whose massive trunks sent out their level arms sometimes
a hundred feet in length, clothed with Spanish moss, presenting an
inviting shade from the fierce rays of the sun. The rice kernel,
when threshed, still retains its covering of chaff, which must be
removed by pounding. The mill was furnished with machinery,
which was soon set in motion, but the negroes preferred their ancient
custom of pounding the grain in a bowl hollowed out of an oak
stump and winnowing it by throwing it into the air. The rice proved
a poor substitute for hardtack and sowbelly, and a raid was made
on an oyster bed in the river, which furnished some variety to the
bill of fare not named in the regulations. Communication with
the Union fleet was announced by December 15, and twenty tons of
mail soon gladdened our hearts. On December 11 the Second
Division of the Twentieth Corps took post at Cherokee Hill, about
five miles in our rear, near the Charleston and Savannah Railroad
bridge, and guarded the army against the inquisitive Confederate
cavalry. General Williams placed some companies of the Third
Wisconsin on Argyle Island, and on the 12th the whole regiment
followed. As these troops were crossing the river, three Confederate
steamers coming from Augusta attempted the passage. Winegar's
New York battery went into action and soon drove two of them
back disabled, and captured the Resolute, with five officers and nine-
teen men. On the i6th Colonel Carman and the rest of this brigade
joined the Third Wisconsin on Argyle Island, and some troops were
landed on the CaroHna shore. The Third Division of the Twentieth
John B. Gatchell
First Sergeant, Company F
Charles G. Drake
Corporal, Company C
i864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 183
Corps held a front of about a mile and a half, extending from the
Central Railroad near its junction with the Charleston and Savannah
Railroad to the east. This front was frequently and thoroughly
explored, especially at night, as the enemy was alert and picket firing
was constant during the day. The defences of the enemy in our
immediate front were manned by a force of Georgia militia under
General G. W. Smith, and were provided with batteries containing
twenty siege guns of large caUbre and a number of Hght batteries.
General Sherman made a demand for the surrender of the city on
December 17, which was refused by General Hardee; who declared
his lines were open for suppUes, and he was not in need of anything.
Preparation for an assault was begun along the whole front, and by
December 21 had been completed; but at 3:30 a. m. of that date
our pickets heard a joyful voice upon the left shouting, "They've
gone! They've gone!" The good news travelled fast and the picket
lines pushed forward over the swamps and canals to the defences of
the enemy, which were found empty, except for a few stragglers,
deserters, and escaped prisoners. Among the latter was Sam Ash-
bolt of Company D, famous as a forager and cook, who had been
captured on the march while foraging. He had made use of his
skill at the cook's range to secure employment with an ofiicer's
mess, which gave him an opportunity to escape. Sam came down
the railroad early in the morning, and meeting his captain, shouted,
"Captain, come right with me, and I'll show you where you can
get the best biscuits you ever ate."
General Hardee, finding the Union forces advancing upon the
Carohna shore and threatening his hne of supply, made vigorous
efforts to secure assistance, but failed, and determined to save his
garrison by evacuating the city while he could safely do so. On the
night of December 20 he crossed the Savannah River on his pontoon
bridge, abandoning considerable artillery and a large amount of
stores, besides about 25,000 bales of cotton. On the 21st he reported
his movement to General Beauregard and also to President Davis,
adding that his entire force for the defence of the city summed up
9,089 men, counting, after Rebel fashion, only muskets.
General Sherman at once telegraphed to President Lincoln a
message which brought joy to his heart and to the hearts of the
l84 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
millions of loyal citizens who had been watching the fortunes of our
brilliant General and his veteran troops.
Savannah, Ga., December 22, 1864.
(Via Fort Monroe, 6:45 p. m., 25th.)
His Excellency, President Lincoln:
I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah, with
150 heavy guns and plenty of ammunition, and also about 25,000 bales of cotton.
W. T. Sherman,
Major-General.
The Twentieth Corps entered Savannah on December 21, having
marched from Atlanta on November 15. This campaign of five
weeks covered marches aggregating 295 miles. Two hundred miles
of railroad in the central granary of the Confederacy had been de-
stroyed; 17,000 bales of cotton of 500 pounds each had been destroyed
by fire, and 31,000 bales captured in Savannah; by the left wing alone
were captured 4,090 animals (horses and mules) and more than 7,000
negroes marched with the column when it reached the sea. The
immense quantity of provisions and forage consumed and destroyed
was a blow fatal to the resources of the Confederate Army in Vir-
ginia, and the unopposed march, almost without casualties, was a
demonstration of the weakness of the Confederacy. Events fully
justified General Sherman's strategy, and to add confirmation, now
came news of the destruction of General Hood's army in the battles
of FrankHn and Nashville by the forces left with General Thomas
for that purpose and the reinforcements which had been ordered to
him before the march to the sea began.
It was with exultant steps that the Union soldiers trod the streets
of Savannah. General Geary, whose forces had first detected the
retreat of the enemy, was placed in command of the city. Guards
and patrols soon checked the disorderly element, and in a few hours
the city was as quiet and safe as it had ever been in times of peace.
The friends and admirers of General Hazen called on him and
tendered congratulations upon his successful assault of Fort
McAlUster, and some who at the beginning of the war had heard
him express his deep distrust of the volunteers now rallied him upon
those dark forebodings, so soon to be found groundless.
General Sherman reviewed his command, appointing a separate
day for each corps. There was not much display in the way of dress,
1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 185
but the troops had their arms in perfect condition, their marching
had the free and steady stride of the veteran, and nothing could be
more perfect than their aUgnment. General Sherman himself, who
was often rather careless in dress upon the march, was resplendent
in full dress, and presented a commanding and inspiring presence as
he returned the salutes and cheers of his admiring columns.
Confederates and their sympathizers looked on with astonish-
ment day after day at the numbers and the perfect discipline of an
army they had been taught to beheve was an undiscipHned horde
of bummers, and gained a wholesome respect not only for Sherman's
army, but for all defenders of the Union. The Twentieth Corps was
reviewed on December 30 and 31, and the Third Division made
arrangements to cross to the CaroHna shore. A cold rain, which was
intensely penetrating, prevented on that day, and another effort was
made on Sunday, January i, 1865. Again a failure to complete the
pontoons made it necessary to return to camp, where the comfortable
huts prepared for a winter camp were found occupied by the First
Division. Doubhng up was the only alternative, and the wet and
cheerless night was passed by the two divisions packed, like sardines
in boxes, in the huts. On Monday, January 2, however, the steamer
Planter was used as a ferry and landed the command at Cheves's
Landing, where a temporary camp was made upon the sacred soil
of South Carohna. Our ferry-boat was commanded by Robert
Small, a negro pilot, who had succeeded in running his steamer away
from Charleston harbor to the sheltering arms of Uncle Sam's fleet
blockading the city.
On January 4 the Third Division marched about six miles north
of Cheves's Landing to Hardee's Farm, and then prepared a camp
as if for a permanent stay. And now began preparations for a cam-
paign more arduous than the command had yet endured, which was
to end in the final and glorious return to home and a united country.
CHAPTER XI
FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH
THE capture of the city of Savannah, which marked the successful
termination of the march to the sea, gave General Sherman
opportunity to rest and refit his command. This march, so spectacu-
lar and interesting, was but one step in the plan which contemplated
his junction with General Grant's army before Richmond. General
Grant at first favored a movement from Savannah to City Point
by water, but difficulties of transportation at once presented them-
selves, and he cordially gave assent to General Sherman's plan to
march by land from Savannah to Raleigh, or to Weldon on the
Roanoke River in Virginia. This movement would be difficult
indeed. It contemplated a march of about 500 miles over difficult
roads, hindered by many swamps and streams, and especially
by an enemy who, in spite of decreasing numbers and resources,
was active and enterprising, and was rapidly gathering to oppose
the advance, although confused by uncertainty as to the objective
point of the can?paign.
On December 26, 1864, in Special Field Order No. 143, General
Sherman jnced that Savannah would be held as a miUtary
post, and gave orders for the government of the city. General
Geary, of the Second Division, Twentieth Corps, was appointed
Governor and assumed command. Colonel Poe, of General Sher-
man's staff, organized defences, and Generals Easton and Beckwith
depots of suppUes of quartermaster and commissary stores. The
right wing, viz., the Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps (except General
Corse's division) were sent by transport to Beaufort, South Carolina,
and to the head of Broad River, reUeving troops of General Foster
(among them the Twenty-fifth Ohio, with which the Fifty-Fifth Ohio
had once been brigaded) that had been threatening the Charleston
and Savannah Railroad, and were gradually massed in the neighbor-
hood of Pocotaligo, twenty-five miles inland from Beaufort. Ad-
miral Dahlgren supphed steamers for the transfer, and his sailors
186
Charles P. Wickham
LlEUTFNANT-COLONEL, FiFTY-FlFTH OhIO
\'OLUNTEKR INFANTRY
Hartwell Osborn
Captain, Company B
Commissioned Major June 4,
(not mustered)
1865
1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO COLDSBOROUGH 187
were heartily amused at the seasick agonies of the landsmen, who
would rather march a hundred miles than travel ten miles by sea.
By January 15, 1865, this wing was massed at PocotaUgo ready
for the campaign. On January 19 General Geary's command was
relieved by the division of General Cuvier Grover of the Nineteenth
Corps, and an effort was made to cross to the Carolina shore; but
the incessant January rains had flooded the Savannah River, the
pontoon bridge was carried away, and the Union causeway so dam-
aged by high water that General John E. Smith's division of the
Fifteenth Corps was almost lost; and Corse's division of the Fifteenth
and General Geary's division of the Twentieth were directed to
march north on the right bank of the Savannah to Sisters' Ferry,
about forty miles north of Savannah, where a pontoon was laid,
and on February 4 a crossing was effected.
While these combinations were being made, the Fifty-Fifth Ohio
with its brigade remained in camp at Hardee's Farm until January
17. On the 1 6th Colonel William Cogswell, of the Second Massa-
chusetts, Brevet Brigadier-General, was placed in command of the
brigade, reUeving Brigadier- General Ross, who took a leave of
absence. On January 17 camp was broken and a march of ten
miles brought the brigade to Hardeeville, a station on the Charleston
and Savannah Railroad. The First Division of the Twentieth
Corps and one brigade of the Third Division encamped at Purys-
burg on the Savannah River, about six miles west of Hardeeville,
where a good larding and wharf were available and where boats
could land supplies.
The brigade org. "'^n under General Cogswell was, the Twen-
tieth Connecticut, Thirty-third Massachusetts, Fifty-Fifth and Sev-
enty-third Ohio, Twenty-sixth Wisconsin, and One Hundred and
Thirty-sixth New York: a total force of eighty-eight officers and
1,400 men.
The camp at Hardeeville was soon made. The houses in the
village furnished material for huts, which were essential for comfort,
for the weather was intensely disagreeable, cold, rainy, and with
that piercing wind which makes Southern winters so difficult to en-
dure. From the i8th to the 27th an alternation of unpleasant con-
ditions continued, and the order to march came as a welcome relief.
l88 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
Adopting his customary tactics, General Sherman sent the cavalry
under General Kilpatrick to skirmish toward Aiken, threatening
Augusta, Georgia, where valuable shops and depots of military
supplies were established, and supporting the cavalry with infantry
near by, succeeded in holding a considerable body of the enemy
there, and in delaying their concentration in his front or on his flank.
On Sunday, January 29, a bitterly cold day, the command
marched from Hardeeville north and northwest, and camped at
Bethel Church, fifteen miles distant. On the 30th the march con-
tinued seven miles to Robertsville, where the whole division was set
vigorously to work making a corduroy road to Sisters' Ferry. The
troops that had marched from Savannah on the right bank of the
river were crossing at Sisters' Ferry, where the floods had spread out
the stream to a width of three miles, and road building was a simple
necessity. This work occupied the command till February 2, when
the march was resumed, still northwest, to Lawtonville. Wheeler's
Confederate cavalry resisted this advance, and the First Brigade
had a smart skirmish on the edge of a swamp near Lawtonville.
Flanking tactics were resorted to, and although the Third Brigade
formed line of battle, the march was not delayed. Although the
country was sandy, barren, and poor, yet as forage and provisions
were scarce, the foragers were organized as in the Georgia march,
and with like result. Meats not named in the army ration appeared
at the camp-fires, and honey, vegetables, and even eggs, were not
unknown.
The Carohnas are distinguished by their swift and numerous
streams, which, rising in the foothills of the Alleghanies, run south-
east to the sea, passing from the mountains over the great rolling
plain which, gradually declining toward the Atlantic Ocean, becomes
at last low and marshy near the coast. The route selected by General
Sherman led across these swift and deep streams, which near the
coast were bordered by wide cypress swamps. The few roads through
these swamps and the bridges over the streams had been blockaded
or burned, and it was often necessary in securing positions to wade
in water up to the shoulders. General Sherman, from his knowl-
edge of the topography of the country, had laid out the route along
the Une where the sand of the low country and the clay of the upland
1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 189
joined. He was asked by one of his quartermasters before the
march began if trains could move through the swamps, to which he
replied, " Certainly, you will find hard white sand on the bottom all
the way." And this proved true. On February 3, 4, and 5 the
division, marching ten miles per day, covered thirty miles via Duck
Branch and Moore's Crossroads to Allendale, and thence marched
northeast to Beaufort's Bridge over the Big Salkehatchie River. This
bridge had been destroyed and earthworks built commanding both
the bridge and the narrow causeway through the swamp. The
right wing had, however, made this position untenable, having forced
a crossing at Rivers Bridge, lower down, and no serious defence was
attempted. On the 6th the brigade marched with the wagon-train,
making but nine miles, to the Little Salkehatchie, and on the 7th,
after marching eight miles over a swampy road in a pouring rain,
camped at Graham's Station on the South Carolina Railroad. On
February 7 the right wing had reached the South Carolina Railroad
at Midway and Bamberg. General Sherman's army was now in
line of battle on this railroad, with its right threatening Branchville
(the junction of the railroads from Columbia and Augusta to
Charleston), and the left at Aiken menacing Augusta. The forces
of the enemy guarding Charleston and Augusta were divided, and
concentrated effort was rendered impossible. The South Carolina
Railroad was for thirty miles destroyed after the most approved
method. The left wing worked from Midway to Graham's. Noth-
ing of value was left. The rails were twisted and the ties burned,
station houses on the line and mills near by were destroyed, and
thousands of bales of cotton were burned. The manufacturers of
rosin and turpentine had collected great stores of those articles,
which were soon sending clouds of smoke to the skies. The dry
pine-trees and the fences caught fire, and for five days the whole
country was swept with a besom of fire and destruction.
The foragers got very bold. General Howard relates that, as
his advance deployed to meet an expected enemy near Midway, a
bummer came furiously down the road to meet the line. He was
mounted on a white horse with a rope bridle and rope stirrups, but
no saddle; he wore a swallowtail suit and a plug hat. Nearing the
General he shouted, " Hurry up. General; we've got the road." The
190 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
foragers had driven off the enemy's skirmishers, and no fight was
necessary. The division marched thirty miles on the 8th, 9th, and
loth, destroying the railroad toward the west, and on the nth,
abandoning the railroad, marched north. The route led by Gui-
gnard's Bridge over the south fork of the Edisto River and over
Goodland Swamp.
The bridges had been burned and the swamp was deep, in many
places three feet. A heavy frost covered the ground, and ice had
formed. During the 12th nine of these swampy streams were forded
and several bridges built, the men working up to the waist in the icy
stream. It was a severe experience even for these hardy troops,
but by night thirteen miles had been covered, arid camp was made
at the crossing of the north fork of the Edisto River. On the 13th
the brigade moved but six miles, camping at Jeffcoat's Farm, on the
Columbia road. Upon this ground, which was high, foraging was
easier, and the supplies were more abundant. Leaving here,
the ancient shore-line of the Atlantic Ocean, the higher elevations
were covered with jack-oak and lofty pines, and a clay soil replaced
the sand. On the 14th the division marched in the rear of the whole
army, guarding trains, which was slow work, and but six miles was
made. On February 15, still guarding trains, the division crossed
a branch of the Congaree River on the Lexington Court House road.
A high wind prevailed, and fires begun by foragers or raiders ran
along the fences. Great piles of burning rosin and cottonseed gave
out clouds of smoke, and the dry pine-trees flared like giant torches.
This march was fitly called "that smoky march," and although but
nine miles long, •will be long remembered. On the i6th, as we
neared the Congaree opposite Columbia, preparations for meeting
the enemy were made. The trains were parked, artillery and am-
bulances were sent to the front, and stretchers were prepared for
unpleasant contingencies. The division moved but eight miles east
and camped about two miles from the river. A few scattered cannon-
shot from the opposite bank gave us notice that the right wing was
up and was exchanging compliments with the enemy. From an
elevation near by the spires of the city could be seen, and many
looked curiously at the place fitly called "the cradle of Secession."
But the Twentieth Corps were not to have the satisfaction of visiting
1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 191
Columbia. The right wing, which had upon the 12th threatened
Branchville, an important railroad junction, and had destroyed
many miles of those roads, now crossed the Saluda and Broad rivers
just above their junction, north of Columbia. The pontoons had
been found too short to bridge the Congaree, but were used to ad-
vantage over the smaller streams, and thus that army marched into
Columbia from the north, driving before them the rear guard of
cavalry, which was observing our advance. The abandoned cotton
fired by the retreating Confederates set fiore to warehouses and stores,
and, carried by a high wind, soon began a conflagration which
threatened the entire city. Officers and soldiers vied with each
other in efforts to stay the flames, but great loss occurred, which close
investigation has proved to be due to the retiring Confederates
rather than the Union soldiers. The occupation of Columbia made
certain the evacuation of Charleston, and upon Friday and Saturday,
February 17 and 18, it was quietly effected. General Sherman was
advised on the 2 2d. He had called at division headquarters and
was conversing with General Ward when an orderly rode up with a
message. General Sherman read it, and turning to General Ward
said, " Well, General, you can inscribe Charleston on your banners.
I propose to march this army to Washington in less than two months."
The brigade did not enter Columbia, but marched vdth the
wagon-train at 10 a. m. on the 17th, via Saluda Factory, which had
been burned. The road was hned with sad-faced, snuff-dipping
women, who looked stoUdly at the martial display. Camp was
made at Zion Church, but five miles from Columbia. At 8:10 a. m.
on the 1 8th the division, still with the trains, crossed the pontoon
over the Saluda and the Broad near their junction, which forms the
Congaree. The slow movement of the wagons, the high wind, the
smoke from burning trees and piles of rosin, made camp fairly suf-
focating. At 7:30 A. M. of Sunday, the 19th, the division marched
four miles north upon the road to Newberry, and reheved a division
of the Fourteenth Corps guarding the flank against Cheatham's
command, which, marching from Augusta with Lee's corps, was
trying to make a junction with Hardee's army, which had just evac-
uated Charleston. General Sherman's adroit and swift marches
had interposed between these scattered forces, and they were straining
192 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
every nerve to unite and present an opposing front. The division
returned at night, having covered eight miles. On the 20th, still
guarding trains, the division moved at 3:15 p. m., crossed Broad
River on a pontoon at Alston's Ferry, and camped eight miles from
the stream on the road to Winnsborough, where all the armies were
concentrated for the night. As we were following the Fourteenth
Corps, foraging was a difficult proposition, the country being well
eaten uj).
At Winnsborough, February 21, the corps marched through the
town and passed in review before Generals Sherman, Slocum, and
Ward, camping three miles north on the Rocky Mountain road,
having marched twelve miles. The Charlotte and South Carolina
Railroad was destroyed for miles each way from the town by the
advance corps. The strap rails were easily heated and readily
twisted into corkscrews, and the pine-trees burned like tinder.
On Wednesday, the 2 2d, relieved from duty with the trains, the
division marched sixteen and one-half miles east along a high ridge,
which afforded a beautiful view. The country was rough and the
roads were heavy, but the command at last reached camp at mid-
night, having crossed the Catawba River at Rocky IMountain Post
Office. At Winnsborough the march of General Sherman's armies,
which had been northward, now turned to the east, and no longer
threatened Charlotte, but rather Cheraw, which was the appointed
junction of Hardee's army and the forces under General Cheatham
from Augusta. This part of the route presented serious difficulties,
owing to the treacherous character of the soil. On the 23d, moving
north on the Lancaster road, but three miles was covered; but Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Winckler of the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin, having
learned that two escaped Union officers were near by, sent a company
for them and brought them into camp. February 24 the brigade
moved but one and one-half miles. The horrible roads had to be cor-
duroyed every inch of the way, and three regiments of the brigade
were hard at work all day, while the other regiments were helping
wagons out of the mud. February 25 was another day of incessant
rain and hard work. The brigade corduroyed three and one-half
miles of road, and camped in the rain at Russell's Store, at the crossing
of the Camden and Lancaster roads. Foragers found abundant
Thomas G. Valentine
Company B
Hugh H. Benfer
Corporal, Company A
i865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 193
supplies, but had to fight for them, as the Rebel cavah-y were now
close at hand, and very aggressive.
Sunday, February 26, was a day to try men's souls. The com-
mand marched at 8 a. m. in pouring rain; was ordered back to camp
after reaching the road; again, at 10:15 ^- ^-j was ordered to proceed,
and, marching six miles, reached Hanging Rock Post Office and
went into camp. This place has a Revolutionary fame from a sharp
contest which took place between the cavalry of Gates and Carlton.
The rock is a natural curiosity, being an immense boulder poised
on a ledge of rocks at the brow of the hill and nicely balanced.
Here, too, on August 13, 1780, six American soldiers were hanged
upon a scaffold by the British. An equally interesting rock near by
has its lower face scooped out, forming a concave wall and roof of
smooth stone, probably by the action of fires during long ages.
The trains had a serious time crossing Hanging Rock Creek, and
the command rested in camp all day the 27th. Foragers found it
necessary to go far and were attacked by Wheeler's cavalry, who
compelled them to seek safety. The treacherous roads compelled
slow movement on the 28th. The brigade crossed the stream at
8 A. M. and then waited till 4 p. m. for the wagon-train, which marched
one mile and then parked till 6 .p. m., then marched till midnight,
having accomplished six miles.
During the day foragers from the Third Division captured the
Bank of Camden, which was in flight, seeking to avoid Sherman's
army. Three wagons, one horse and buggy, and twelve mules were
captured. The funds captured were seven hundred dollars in specie,
two thousand five hundred dollars in bullion, and thirty-five thousand
dollars in Confederate bonds.
March i the division marched twelve miles with the wagons,
crossing Lynch's Creek and camping two miles beyond. The
brigade and division marched at 6 a. m., March 2, and crossed Black
Creek after much delay, due to bridge building. The stream was
at last crossed, and marching four miles northeast, camp was made
at 4 p. M. On March 3 the division marched eleven miles north of
east over very heavy roads, encumbered by wagons, and went into
camp at Chesterfield Court House at 4 p. m. Every soldier of the
Third Division will remember General Sherman's erect figure as
194 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
he sat on his horse and saluted his marching troops. Soldiers of
other divisions record his appearance as he sat m his tent that evening
and watched his columns gathering for the advance on Cheraw,
where Hardee was assembling his command to dispute our advance.
Foraging was at its height, but as the returns increased, so the dangers
multiplied; foragers were found with their throats cut, and General
Kilpatrick threatened retaliation.
The Twentieth Corps moved from Chesterfield by a country
road northeast, and crossing Westfield Creek, marched two miles,
camping on Grady's E'arm in North CaroUna near Sneedsborough, on
the bank of the Yadkin River, which in South Carolina is called the
Great Pedee. This movement was no doubt to guard our left flank
against the Augusta troops under General Cheatham, who were
marching hard to join General Hardee and his Charleston garrison.
General Sherman's adroit and bold marches had prevented the
enemy from penetrating his design. Sunday, March 5, was a day
of rest greatly needed by the tired soldiers, exhausted by the trying
marches and the labor of building corduroy roads and bridges in
water up to their knees, or in dragging wagons out of miry depths.
Monday, March 6, was a beautiful day. The brigade marched
almost due south twelve miles to Cheraw. Wliile on the march,
toward noon a low rumbling noise was heard, which seemed to travel
along the ground, increasing in volume until it reached us with the
roar of an earthquake and died away. We learned in Cheraw that
this was the result of an explosion of several tons of powder captured
from the enemy and accidentally ignited. The shock killed several
soldiers, threw down builcUngs, broke glass in buildings for miles
around, and injured many in the hospitals of the town. Cheraw
proved to be a most interesting old town, being full of Revolutionary
traditions and rehcs, the graveyard especially containing many
quaint tombstones with antique inscriptions. Besides the ammuni-
tion, the Seventeenth Corps captured two thousand muskets and
twenty-five Parrott guns when they entered Cheraw on March 5.
Citizens flying from Charleston with Hardee's army had brought
great stores of wine and provisions, which were hberally distributed
among the troops, and connoisseurs of port and sherry pronounced
the taste of the bons-vivants of Charleston to be excellent. General
i86s] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH IQS
Sherman relates that General Blair sent to his headquarters a liberal
assortment of rugs and carpets which were used for horse blankets,
saddle blankets, and to make the mounted officers comfortable at
the expense of the chivalry.
General Hardee retired before our troops, having burned the
bridge over the Great Pedee. General Sherman now learned that his
old foe, General Joseph E. Johnston, had been restored to command
and might be expected to meet him at any time with such troops as
he could concentrate. Caution was more than ever necessary, as he
made preparations for the next move from Cheraw to Fayetteville,
North Carohna, on the Cape Fear River.
On March 7 the brigade marched at 2 45 a. m., crossed the Great
Pedee on a pontoon at Cheraw, and bivouacked four miles east.
At 10:30 the march was resumed and fourteen miles was covered,
to Laurel Hill, where camp was made. March 8 and 9 but sixteen
miles was covered, owing to much swampy road and consequent
road-making. Camp was at last made on the bank of Lumber
River, much swollen by the rains. March 10 Lumber River and the
long corduroy road through its swampy margin were passed, and
the division was massed, waiting the slow progress of the train.
On the loth the cavalry, now under Kilpatrick, operating on our
left flank, having camped too far from the army. General Kilpatrick's
headquarters were captured and his small force of three regiments
driven into a swamp; but, mounting a horse bareback and in his
night clothes, he raUied his men and in a most daring charge recovered
his camp and drove the enemy in confusion, inflicting much damage.
General Mitchell's brigade of the Fourteenth Corps came to his
assistance, but the General had recovered his ground before help
arrived. On March 11 the division moved without incumbrance
and covered twenty-two miles, reaching camp at 10:30 p. m. The
last ten miles was marched in two and one-half hours on a plank
road, and brought us within a mile and a half of Fayetteville. The
sixty-four miles between Cheraw and Fayetteville proved to be a
hard and barren country. The pine forests were magnificent, but
given up to makers of rosin and turpentine, who Uve a lonely hfe in
their solitudes. Houses were few and the people were poor. As
at Winnsborough and Cheraw, the Scotch parentage of the settlers
196 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
was in evidence, and in spite of its poverty the Old North State pre-
sented a favorable contrast to its more favored sister of the South,
for thrift and good management were evident. Fire still marked
our advance ; turpentine stills and rosin factories were in flames, and "
clouds of inky smoke told of the march of our columns. The trbops
of the right wing reached Fayetteville on the same date as our columns.
They reported heavy rains, overflowed streams, broken bridges, and
unremitting labor on the entire march. Nowhere do the untiring
and persistent force and abihty of General Sherman's armies appear
more fully displayed than in this great march, overcoming daily a
thousand natural diflSculties.
The city of Fayetteville was a beautiful place, and had been dig-
nified by a United States arsenal, covering several acres. It had
been enlarged by the Rebels and made into a factory of war material.
The machinery was destroyed and fire was applied to the buildings,
for, as General Sherman remarked, "the government would never
want to trust North CaroUna with an arsenal again."
Sunday, March 12, was a day of rest and thoroughly enjoyed by
the travel-worn command, now much in need of shoes and clothing.
Our base of supplies was still distant. It did not seem so far off,
however, when at noon the whistle of a steamer was heard, and
crowds gathered on the river bank to greet an army tug from Wil-
mington, which brought dispatches to General Sherman from General
Terry, commanding the Tenth Corps. On March 7 Sherman had
sent two scouts from Laurel Hill to make their way to Wilmington
and request the commanding officers there to send messages to meet
the army at Fayetteville. The scouts made a successful journey,
and this was the prompt response. Sherman sent the boat back at
night with letters to the Secretary of War and to General Grant, and
reported his command in splendid condition in spite of hard work
and exposure. The army had an opportunity to send mail home,
and thousands of short but reassuring letters were despatched by
the soldiers to their anxious friends at home in the North. General
Sherman also disencumbered his army of several thousand negroes,
refugees, and other useless mouths, who marched with a small escort
to Wilmington. Knowing that the Confederate general must have
a pretty clear notion of his objective point, Sherman ordered the
i86s] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH IQ?
trains of the Fourteenth and Twentieth corps to march in the centre
of his line, and those corps were directed to march, having only the
ammunition wagons to guard, being thus prepared for any sudden
attack from the enemy, now close at hand and concentrating to
oppose the march. On March 13 the left wing marched through
Fayetteville, passing in review before Generals Sherman, Slocum,
Williams, Geary, and Ward. The Third Division, being in advance
of the corps, camped about four miles east of the Cape Fear River,
but the Fifty-Fifth Ohio and Thirty-third Massachusetts were sent
on two miles farther and \ ^ied as an advance guard. Early in the
morning of the 14th Major Wickham and Captain O shorn were
advised that foragers were making trouble at a plantation house
about a mile from camp, and at once went to the scene. The oc-
cupants of the place were an old man and a matronly young woman
and her two children. No damage had been done beyond fright-
ening the inmates of the house, and the intruders were speedily
thrown out. The place was, however, well stocked with provisions,
which furnished many a good meal to the command. The owner
of the plantation proved to be an officer in Stuart's cavalry, and was
at the time enjoying the hospitality of Uncle Sam on Johnson's
Island in Lake Erie. At 10 a. m. the brigade marched and the ad-
vance regiments rejoined the command. The route lay almost north,
following the peninsula formed by the Cape Fear and Black rivers,
which here run almost parallel and are at Averasborough but four
miles apart. The cavalry having reported a heavy body of the
enemy in front, the brigade was ordered to reconnoitre the peninsula.
Foragers had also reported the enemy in force too great for them
to resist. The command was now divided and reconnoitred in two
directions. General Cogswell, with the Twentieth Connecticut,
Thirty-third Massachusetts, and the One Hundred and Second Illi-
nois, from the Second Brigade, marched north to Silver Run Creek,
developing a small force of the enemy. Under Lieutenant-Colonel
Hurst, the Seventy-third Ohio, Fifty-Fifth Ohio, Twenty-sixth Wis-
consin, and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York marched nearly
east to Great Creek on the Goldsborough road near the Black River,
meeting no opposition. General Cogswell left the first named de-
tachment near Silver Run, and by a country road joined Colonel
198 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
Hurst's force and pushed the reconnaissance to the bank of the Black
River, where five companies of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio were deployed
as skirmishers. The cavalry pickets of the enemy were driven in
and a strong force of the enemy developed on the farther bank of
the stream. Artillery fire was drawn from four points. In the skir-
mish Adam Ditto, of Company H, was killed, and Daniel Leiser,
of Company E, mortally wounded. At dark the command returned
to camp, having marched twenty-two miles. The three regiments
on the left under Lieutenant-Colonel Buckingham, of the Twentieth
Connecticut, advanced to Taylor's Hole Creek, and, after developing
a strong force in intrenchments, returned to camp. On March 15
the division marched north fourteen miles to Taylor's Hole Creek.
The enemy retired before us, and camp was made at 5 p. m.
The cavalry advance on the Raleigh road reported on March 16
that the enemy were in force and near at hand. General Sherman
had directed General Slocum, commanding the left wing, to march
far enough on the road toward Raleigh to ensure the safety of the
left flank of the army, and the precaution was a wise one. Cogs-
well's brigade marched at 6:30 a. m. prepared for battle, and at 9
A. M. reached Smith's Farm, some four miles south of the hamlet of
Averasborough, where Hawley's brigade of the First Division was
skirmishing sharply vdth the enemy, having been engaged since
daylight. The commander of the Rebel brigade opposing our line
had been captured by General Kilpatrick's scouts the day before
when incautiously reconnoitring in front of his command. He
proved to be Colonel Alfred Rhett, of a South Carolina regiment
of heavy artillery, and was much distressed at his mishap. He told
General Sherman that his command had been in the defences of
Charleston and had never been in a field engagement, but he thought
the men would fight. Our division (Ward's) was formed across the
Raleigh road near Smith's House, having the First Brigade on the
right of the road, the Third Brigade across the road, and the Second
on the left of the line. Heavy skirmish lines were advanced and
pushed forward to develop the enemy, who were soon provoked to
use artillery, having a battery placed to command the road. Colonel
Reynolds, Chief of Artillery of the Twentieth Corps, placed three
batteries (I and M, First New York, and Battery C, First Ohio
i
1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 199
Artillery) together behind a slight rise in the nearly level plain, com-
manding the open ground in front. The skirmishers of the Fifty-
Fifth Ohio had been posted with their left on the road, and, taking
advantage of a pine forest, had worked well to the front, being about
one hundred paces beyond the battery. From this point the line
of the enemy was in plain view, and the eflfect of the shells from our
guns was plainly visible. One discharge by battery was very de-
structive, seeming to blow up caissons, dismount cannon, and kill
horses. From this position, about 4 p. m., across an open field to
the left could be seen the colors of our Second Brigade as that com-
mand rapidly formed on the right flank of the enemy's line. The
First Division of the corps had been deployed on the enemy's left,
but owing to the swampy ground, had not cleared that flank. Colonel
Case, commanding the flanking brigade on the left, sent his command
forward with a cheer, which came faintly over the field, the artillery
poured in a terrific fire, and the whole Une charged in unison, with
such success as to lift the Rebel line clear out of its works. The
South Carolina troops left their works in such haste as to abandon
guns, swords, and knapsacks, and many a souvenir was picked up by
the pursuing force. A hne of works had been prepared some three
hundred yards to the rear, but the flying command could not be
rallied, and found safety only in a strong line of works which had
been made and occupied by Elliott's brigade six hundred yards
farther back. These two Confederate brigades (Rhett's and El-
liott's) constituted Taliaferro's division of General Hardee's army,
and numbered some 4,500 men. McLaw's division was now hurried
forward and occupied the left of the Confederate line of works, which
had been constructed to cover the entire space between the rivers.
The advance of the two divisions of the Twentieth Corps against
this strong and well-defended position over a flat, swampy country
thinly wooded, was received with a storm of artillery and musketry
fire, and as night soon came on, the attack was not pushed. The
brigade retired a short distance, leaving the Fifty-Fifth Ohio and
Thirty-third Massachusetts as an advance picket, and bivouacked in
the rain. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio suffered severely in this engagement
in the loss of Captain Charles M. Stone, of Company G, a veteran
of many campaigns, and a man who had endeared himself to the
200 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
whole command by his bravery and fortitude and by his genial
character. The total loss of the regiment during the operations of
the J 4th and i6th was seven killed and thirty-two wounded. Killed
in Fifty-Fifth Ohio: Company B, Ezra Leather; Company D, Evelyn
E. Husted; Company E, Daniel Leiser; Company F, Sergeant W.
D. Craun; Company G, Captain C. M. Stone; Company H, Adam
Ditto; Company I, E. Stille. The loss to the brigade, which num-
bered about 1,400 men, was 109 killed and wounded, and fifteen
prisoners.
The total loss of the Twentieth Corps was fifty-six killed and 354
wounded, a total of 410.
The enemy retired during the night, and on the 17th the division
marched five miles to Averasborough, near the Cape Fear River,
and enjoyed a day of rest.
The hamlet of Averasborough was full of the Rebel dead and
wounded. In one house were sixteen dead, and in the town were
some thirty wounded. Every indication pointed to a serious loss
on their part, which was on good authority computed at 850 killed
and wounded. The Third Division captured 217 prisoners and
three cannon.
Reconnoitring during the day developed the fact that the enemy
had retreated on the Smithfield road and not toward Raleigh, and
on Saturday, March 18, the Third Division marched early, taking
a by-road to a ford over Black River. Time did not permit a bridge,
and the men stripped and waded with water to their armpits. As
the command covered the rear, the march was leisurely, but the
trains moving on the Bentonville road were reached about 9 p. m.
The horrible roads, which had to be corduroyed almost the entire
way, the long train of wagons, and the ambulances filled with wound-
ed made progress slow. The division marched all night in the rain
covering but ten miles, and camped at Lee's Store.
On Sunday, March 19, the Third Division rested a few hours,
and at 9 a. m., still covering and assisting the trains, marched east
on the Bentonville road. At 1 1 .-30 A. m. the sound of cannon reached
our ears, but caused Uttle remark, for we knew the enemy was in our
front retiring on Smithfield, where there was a bridge over the
Neuse River. As we advanced the artillery firing increased in
1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 201
volume, and shortly after the noon meal an order came to leave the
wagons and hurry to the front. The road was crowded with ar-
tillery, the infantry marched alongside or in the fields, and a great
rush to reach the front ensued. By fast marching the scene of action
was reached at 2 p. m. amid all the confusion of a battle in progress.
We soon learned that our advance column of the Fourteenth Corps
had developed a strong force of the enemy near Bentonville, at a
point where the roads leading to Raleigh and Goldsborough crossed,
and that Carhn's division of the Fourteenth Corps had been severely
handled, but that Morgan's division had stayed the tide and was
holding its ground. As the Third Division formed in support of
the fighting line on the left of the Goldsborough road the enemy
made several bold attempts to advance, and the crash of musketry
and roar of artillery were deafening. About 3 p. m. an officer rode
rapidly to General Cogswell, commanding the Third Brigade, and
explained that there was a gap between Carlin's and Morgan's divis-
ions of the Fourteenth Corps which needed but one brigade to fill it,
and gave an order from General Williams to advance and fill the
space. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio was the advance regiment of the
brigade and promptly plunged into the dense swampy forest of pines,
followed by the other regiments, marching parallel to the Golds-
borough road. The command had marched but a few rods when
it discovered marching directly across its path a Rebel command
which had found the gap, and was marching to flank Morgan's
division. The two lines were both amazed at the encounter, and but
few shots were fired. The Confederate command, which proved
to be the Consolidated Tennessee Brigade of General Palmer, at
once retreated; but parts of the Twenty-sixth and Forty-fifth Ten-
nessee were cut off, some were made prisoners, and a small detach-
ment escaped, and after a detour of many miles, got safely away.
The colors of the Thirty-sixth Tennessee were captured by Captain
Blasland of the Thirty-third Massachusetts. General Cogswell's
brigade was now formed in two lines and, having located the right
of Carlin's division, advanced upon the enemy. The swampy forest
was not an ideal ground for marching, and the line was much broken,
but advanced till near the farther edge of the swamp; a line of thick
bushes indicated the main road, and from this line came a tremen-
203 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
dous fire of musketry. The fire was vigorously returned, the men
lying down and seeking the cover of the forest. The enemy were
reinforced by Pettus's brigade, and endeavored by sheer weight of
fire to drive our line, but failed, and the contest was fierce till night
fell. Adjutant Chase and Captain Osborn, of the Fifty-Fifth, ex-
plored the right of the line and found that the gap was not by any
means closed; the ground had evidently been fought over, for they
secured and brought to the regiment a dozen muskets each, and
as many cartridge boxes. Darkness brought comparative quiet,
the pickets were carefully advanced only to find the pickets of the
enemy close at hand, and Sergeant Robert Fewson, a veteran of Com-
pany I, was captured. Defences were erected in the night in rear
of the advanced line, and at midnight both Unes were sleeping the
deep sleep of exhaustion. Shortly after midnight the roar of mus-
ketry from a full Une of battle woke the tired soldiers; but it ceased,
and quiet again reigned. This tremendous volley was for a long
time a subject of wonder among the men, and was afterwards
explained by an ofiicer of Mitchell's brigade of the Fourteenth Corps,
who related that upon that night, as General Mitchell was preparing
to rest after placing his picket line, as he sat by his bivouac fire of
pine-knots, a young officer, neatly dressed in a new Confederate
uniform, stepped out of the darkness, and, saluting, said : " Sir, General
Hardee presents liis compliments, and says he is about to charge the
enemy in your front; please be governed accordingly." General
Mitchell at once saw that this was a Rebel aide who had lost his
way in the darkness and the rain, and had thus disclosed the plan
for a night attack on the Union lines. Calling an orderly, General
Mitchell asked the officer, "Have you had anything to eat? Or-
derly, take this young gentleman to the rear and give him something."
The aide was overwhelmed as the situation dawned upon him, but
it was too late. General Mitchell called his regimental commanders
together and gave orders to advance the line of battle to the picket
line, and at a given signal to deliver a volley. This was the volley
that had awakened our line. General Mitchell described the result
afterwards. As the noise of the firing ceased sounds of pain, distress,
and dismay were heard mingled with the sound of retreating foot-
steps. He met the Colonel of the First South Carolina Infantry
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afterwards in Raleigh at a private house where he was staying, a
wounded prisoner, and learned from him that this regiment had
served as heavy artillery in the defences of Charleston, and had seen
very little fighting. Both men and officers were anxious to take
part in this battle and had persuaded him, though reluctantly, to
arrange this night attack. The Colonel ruefully remarked that he
hadn't seen a man of them since that night, and he imagined they
had all they wanted of night fighting.
On the morning of March 20 Cogswell's brigade was relieved
by Hobart's brigade of the Fourteenth Corps and returned to its
division, now in trenches behind the artillery of the corps. Before
noon, however, the brigade marched to the left of the line some two
miles and erected a line of works, while two regiments supported
the pickets in a reconnaissance. The command was much depleted
by the casualties of the action and details for hospital and camp
work. On the 21st the command marched back to the entrenched
line in rear of the artillery. On Wednesday, the 2 2d, the whole
army moved tov/ard Goldsborough and the brigade marched eight
miles to Falling Creek, which it crossed on about the most rickety
bridge which ever did duty. The brigade was two hours in passing
the stream. The relief from the strain of close contact with the
enemy made the marching dehghtful. There was bright sunshine
with a high vnnd. Venus shone brightly in the heavens and " Sher-
man's Star" was the universal exclamation.
On the 23d the march continued eight miles east, crossing the
Neuse River at Coxe's bridge, and on Friday, March 24, after a cold
and very dusty march of eleven miles, the corps reached Golds-
borough, passing on the way Ferry's Tenth Corps, which had marched
from Wilmington, and, under General Schofield with the Twenty-
third Corps, was destined to form the centre of General Sherman's
army. One division of the Tenth Corps was composed of colored
troops; their clean and whole uniforms and generally well-kept
condition was in strong contrast with the ragged, shoeless, but
hearty veterans who, under Sherman, now ended the great march
which for the right wing (Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps) had
begun at Memphis, and for the left wing at Chattanooga on
May 2, 1864.
204 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
The battle of Bentonville, which proved to be the last battle of
the army under General Sherman, was one of the great battles of
the war. The important and absorbing nature of the events which
followed in quick succession have obscured its importance and
detracted from its interest, but in no single engagement was the
fighting quahty of the volunteer soldier more fully displayed.
Eight brigades of Sherman's army withstood the shock of a
headlong assault made by 20,000 Confederate veterans, and held
their ground till reinforcements could arrive.
It was, too, on the part of the Confederate General, Johnston,
an example of brilliant generalship. The records of the RebelHon
show that he had carefully chosen a time when, being near Golds-
borough, General Sherman had allowed his right wing to reach out
for its final destination, and become somewhat separated from the
left wing, marching over diflScult roads and near the enemy. General
Johnston had, by forced marches, concentrated his forces and
suddenly pounced down upon the Fourteenth Corps, marching with
difficulty over the swampy country through dense pine forests. He
intended to crush the divisions as they slowly emerged one by one,
but the veterans of Chickamauga and Atlanta had great powers of
resistance, while the losses of General Johnston's army could not
be repaired. The First Division of the Fourteenth Corps could
not be driven, and, although in sore distress, held on until the Third
Division of the Twentieth Corps came to its reUef .
The right wing responded instantly to the call for help. Hazen's
division of the Fifteenth Corps marched nearly all night to reach
the scene of action. They closed in on General Johnston's left and
soon convinced him of the hopeless nature of his operations. He
manoeuvred a day or two till his wounded could be removed, and
on the 2 2d retired over Mill Creek by his sole remaining bridge,
then seriously threatened by the Seventeenth Corps, and marched
for Raleigh via Smithfield.
The Fifty-Fifth Ohio suffered severely in this battle. Seven
were killed and twenty-three wounded. The killed were: R. S.
Williams, Corporal, Company A; W. L. Sisty, Company C; John
M. Young, Company C; David Francis, Company D; David Gates,
1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 205
Company E; John H. W. Dildine, Company H; John Freeh, Com-
pany I. This loss, with that of thirty-nine killed and wounded at
Averasborough, and the necessary details for hospital and extra duty
service, depleted the regiment till it was but a remnant of the com-
mand that marched from Chattanooga in May, 1864, to begin the
great march now so successfully ended.
As compared with the March to the Sea, the campaign of the
Carolinas was, in respect to labor, hardship, danger, and difficulties
to be surmounted, as ten to one.
The march from Savannah to Goldsborough covered 465 miles
of roads generally of the worst description, comprising all varieties
of soil, and of which fully 150 miles were corduroyed. Five
great rivers were crossed, usually on canvas pontoons. Num-
berless smaller streams were either waded or bridged, and
these streams were swampy and miry beyond description. An
engineer officer computed the bridges at a total length of forty-
seven miles. The troops marched usually alongside of the
wagons, affording assistance when needed. More than fifty
miles of railroad was thoroughly destroyed, the ties being burned
and the rails twisted. The average day's march was fifteen miles.
After sixty days of this toilsome and laborious work, two battles
were fought, which fully tested the courage and endurance of veteran
troops. The army destroyed 22,000 bales of cotton by order, not
counting that burned by foragers. At least 500 cotton-gins were
destroyed, and over fifty rosin and turpentine stills, with 20,000
barrels of rosin. There were taken for use in the trains at least
2,000 horses and 3,000 mules, besides 4,500 head of cattle killed for
food. The amount of food taken by the foragers and consumed by
the army can hardly be estimated, but not less than 30,000
rations of beans, peas, sweet potatoes, and corn meal were con-
sumed daily for the sixty-seven days of the campaign, and not the
least of the trials of the march was the fact that rain fell on twenty-
one days.
On March 22 General Sherman issued a special congratulatory
order, which summed up the results of the campaign in his peculiarly
terse and vigorous style.
2o6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
Special Field Order No. 35.
Headciuarters Military Division of the Mississippi, in the field, Bentonville,
N. C, March 22, 1865.
The general commanding announces to this army that yesterday it beat on
its chosen ground the concentrated armies of our enemy, who has fled in disorder,
leaving his dead, wounded, and prisoners in our hands, and burning his bridges
on his retreat. On the same day Major-Gencral Schoficld, from New Berne,
entered and occupied Goldsborough, and Major-General Terry, from Wilmington,
secured Coxe's Bridge Crossing, and laid a pontoon bridge across Neusc River,
so that our campaign has resulted in a glorious success. After a march of the
most extraordinary character, near five hundred miles, over swamps and rivers
deemed impassable to others, at the most inclement season of the year, and draw-
ing our cliief supphes from a poor and wasted country, we reach our destina-
tion in good health and condition. I thank the army and assure it that our
government and people honor them for this new display of the physical and
moral qualities which reflect honor upon the whole nation. You shall now have
rest and all the supplies that can be brought from the rich granaries and store-
houses of our magnificent country before again embarking on new and untried
dangers. VV. T. Sherman,
Major-General, Commanding.
CHAPTER XII
THE LAST CAMPAIGN
ON March 24, 1865, General Sherman's armies were grouped
about Goldsborough. The Army of the Ohio, which, under
General Schofield, had advanced from New Berne and Wilmington,
occupied the town and guarded the avenues of supply from the
seaboard. This army now consisted of the Twenty-third Corps
under General Cox, and the newly organized Tenth Corps under
General Terry.
General Howard's command, the right wing, was encamped
north and west of the town; and General Slocum's, the left wing,
on the west and south; while General Kilpatrick and his command
of cavalry were posted at Mount Olive Station, south of the city.
The railroad from Wilmington had been repaired, and supplies
came in freely. New clothing shone brightly in the ranks of faded
uniforms, and the barefooted rejoiced in new shoes. A few days
of rest repaired the fatigue of the long march, and officers and
soldiers were ready for another campaign. From March 25 to April
10 appeared a long rest for these hardy campaigners; but the events
which proved the total exhaustion of the Confederacy came on in
startling succession.
On April 2 General Joseph A. Mower was placed in command
of the Twentieth Corps, and General A. S. Williams returned to
the command of the First Division. This seemed but a poor return
for the long and admirable service which General Williams had
performed, but General Mower had impressed General Sherman
as an adventurous fighter, and he was determined to have his army
in the most efficient condition for a final campaign. He feared a
possible union of the armies of Lee and Johnston as a last resort,
and a sudden and overwhelming attack on his command. On
April 5 he issued orders contemplating a movement to a point north
of the Roanoke River, where, having Norfolk as a base, he would
be in direct communication with the Army of the Potomac.
207
2o8 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
General Mower reviewed his new command in Goldsborough,
April 6, and on that date the news of the fall of Richmond and
Petersburg was received, and that the Rebel Army and the Rebel
Government were in full retreat. The excitement was intense;
brigades and divisions cheered in unison. The Third Brigade was
marched to the front, fired a salute in line of battle, and returning,
drank General Cogswell's health in tin cups out of a barrel of com-
missary (with the head out) at his headquarters. At parade General
Grant's telegram was read, announcing the capture of Richmond
and Petersburg, closing with the injunction, "Push on from where
you are, and let us see if we cannot finish the job with I-ee's and
Johnston's armies." Johnston's army was now our objective; the
whole army was ready to push on; and, having drawn rations, three
days' bread and ten days' sugar, salt and cofifee in haversacks, and
twenty days' in wagons, it concluded that about thirty days would
finish the job.
General Johnston's army posted in front of Smithfield was es-
timated at 35,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry. The three armies
of General Sherman comprised 75,000 infantry and 6,000 cavalry,
and about one cannon to each thousand men. On Monday, April
10, the whole army marched straight to the front against the Con-
federate position. Ward's division broke camp at 5:30 a. m., and
following the Fourteenth Corps, marched west upon the Smithfield
road. Rain fell heavily during the day and the roads were, in the
lowlands, very bad. We crossed Little River, Beaver Dam, Moc-
casin and Raccoon creeks. At the latter crossing the enemy had
broken a dam and flooded the road. Eleven miles was made.
Following the same road on the nth, fourteen miles was covered in
a rapid march, hoping to catch the retiring enemy at the crossing
of the Neuse at Smithfield; but the advance under General Geary
could catch only the rear guard and found the bridges destroyed.
On AprU 12 seventeen miles was covered, the men crossing the Neuse
upon a pontoon bridge and camping near Swift Creek at 3 130 p. m.
The advance had encountered the enemy's cavalry within six miles of
Goldsborough, and at Smithfield expected to find the enemy in force;
but General Johnston with his usual skill had made effective use
of the railroad and had retired his army in good style. He had
Evelyn E. Husted
Sergeant, Company D
Died April io, 1865, at Goldsborough, N. C.
OF Wounds Received March 19, 1865
Henry W. Husted
Company D
Killed May 2, 1863, in Battle of
Chancellorsville
i86s] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 209
reason enough for prompt action, for General Howard had pushed
the right wing far to the north and west, and General Terry, with
the Tenth Corps, had marched up the right bank of the Neuse,
threatening him from the south and west. Delay would have re-
sulted in the capture of his army. He moved rapidly through
Raleigh and found rest at Hillsborough, on the railroad, twenty-one
miles west of Raleigh. General Sherman issued, on April 12th,
a special field order to the army, as follows:
"The general commanding announces to the army that he has official notice
from General Grant that General Lee surrendered to him his entire army on
the 9th inst. at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Glory to God and our coun-
try; and all honor to our comrades in arms, towards whom we are marching.
A httle more labor, a little more toil on our part, and the great race is won, and
our government stands regenerated after four long years of war."
Lee's surrender was announced to the marching column on the
13th by an aide, who shouted the glad news as he rode by. The
bands broke out into patriotic music, the columns cheered and
cheered, and went forward with renewed vigor.
The Twentieth Corps reached Raleigh at 6:30 p. m. and went
into bivouac near the Insane Asylum, about two miles from the
centre of the city. April 14 was a day of rest, but in the evening
orders came to march at 6 A. m., and on the morning of the 15th,
as the leading brigade filed out of camp, a furious rainstorm made
life very unpleasant. Before the Third Brigade had begun its march
the movement was countermanded. General Johnston had sent a
letter to General Sherman by flag of truce through General Kilpatrick
at Durham Station, requesting a temporary suspension of hos-
tiUties and a proposal to discuss the subject of terminating the
existing war. General Sherman at once replied that he was em-
powered to arrange for a truce, and was prepared to abide by the
same terms and conditions as had been agreed upon between Generals
Grant and Lee. On the i6th General Sherman received a second
communication from General Johnston proposing a meeting between
Durham Station and Hillsborough the next day. On April 17, at
8 A. M., General Sherman took a railway car for Durham Station.
Before leaving he received a telegram v/hich was of such serious
import as to cause him to order the operator to keep it absolutely
2IO TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
secret until his return. Having reached Durham at 10 a. m. he was
escorted by General Kilpalrick and a squadron of cavalry about
five miles further on the Hillsborough road, and there met General
Johnston and General Wade Hampton and their aides. The prin-
cipal figures in this drama had never met before, although each had
tested the other's mettle on many a hard-fought field. After the
u.sual formalities and introductions, they retired to the house of a
farmer named Bennett near by and were soon alone. General
Sherman at once .showed General Johnston the telegram announcing
the assassination of the President and the attempt on Secretary
Seward's life. General Johnston was deeply moved. He denounced
the crime, and hoped the Confederate Government would not be
suspected of complicity in it. General Sherman assured him that
he did not believe that he or General Lee or any other Confederate
general or ofi&cer was responsible; but that he reserved his opinion
as to Jefferson Davis and some others. Discussion of terms of
surrender followed, and the generals parted to meet at noon of the
following day. The news of the proposed surrender reached Raleigh
on the 17th, and the whole army gave itself to unrestrained joy
and hilarity; but joy was turned to mourning when the news of
Lincoln's assassination was received. Sorrow filled every heart,
and the officers found it necessary to double the guards and take
special precautions to prevent an outbreak against the Confederate
office-holders and sympathizers of the city. General Sherman took
counsel of his principal officers on the i8th. All advised him to
agree to moderate terms, as it was feared that Johnston's army might
break up into a horde of small commands and cause endless worry
and trouble. General Sherman accordingly made a tentative agree-
ment with General Johnston, arranging for a truce until the Govern-
ment could be consulted, but to be terminated at any time at forty-
eight hours' notice.
On April 19 the Twentieth Corps arranged for a permanent
camp, and settled down for a few days of quiet until the negotiations
could be concluded. The soldiers admired the beautiful State
Capitol, of Grecian design, and the bronze statue of General Wash-
ington in front. The spacious grounds about the Capitol, the
handsome residences and well-kept grounds of the houses of the
1865] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 211
city, were in striking contrast to the usual ill-arranged and worse
kept towns and villages we had visited. Among the citizens was a
man named Husted, who was pleased and saddened to find in
Company D some of his nephews. General Sherman reviewed the
Twentieth Corps on April 22, and on the 24th the Seventeenth
Corps. These parades were most imposing. The reviewing officers
took their stand before the Capitol and presented an array of dis-
tinguished commanders rarely equalled. The troops were a bronzed
and sinewy column, vigorous and sturdy, hardened by their long
service and equal to any enterprise. The surprise of the day was
the presence of General Grant, who rode with General Sherman.
It was soon known that General Sherman's agreement had been
disapproved at Washington, and at night orders for marching the
next day were received. The necessary forty-eight hours' notice
of the termination of the truce had been given, and General Sherman
prepared to move at once against his enemy. At 9:30 a. m., April
25, Ward's division moved west upon the Aven's Ferry road or
Fayetteville pike to Holly Springs, fourteen miles. In the mean time
General Johnston asked for another conference, and on the 26th
final terms v/ere agreed upon at Bennett's house; and an agreement,
which General Johnston, to soften the blow, explained to his troops
was a convention and not a surrender, was signed. This included
all the Confederate troops in Georgia and Florida also, and a
total of 90,000 officers and men were surrendered to the United
States.
The terms of surrender having been arranged, the troops returned
to Raleigh on the 28th. General Grant returned to Washington
on the 27th. He had performed an unpleasant duty with tact and
without interrupting the warm friendship which existed between
General Sherman and himself, and had secured the surrender of
the principal armies of the Confederacy. General Sherman called
all his army and corps commanders together on the 28th, explained
his plans, and gave orders for future movements. He directed
General Schofield's army and the cavalry to remain in North Caro-
lina. The right and left wings were directed to march by easy
stages on parallel roads to Richmond, and there await further orders.
The Twentieth Corps reached its old camp at Raleigh on the evening
213 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
of April 25, and the last campaign was ended. It now only remained
to prepare for the homeward march.
Having given his armies marching orders, General Sherman
took his departure for the South to inspect the captured cities of
Charleston and Savannah, and to arrange details for the good order
and safety of the people now about to receive their defeated
veterans.
Preparations for the homeward march began at once. All
ammunition was turned over to the ordnance officers except twenty-
five rounds per man. The wagons were loaded for a march of
twenty days, and on April 30 the march began. The columns
moved, having the Seventeenth Corps on the right, the Fifteenth,
Twentieth, and Fourteenth in order from right to left as named.
The orders prescribed easy marches, but there was a good deal of
emulation among the division commanders, and the first week was
marked by longer and harder marches than was really necessary.
Leaving the camp near the Insane Asylum on Sunday, April 30, at
7:30 A. M., Ward's division marched in rear of the corps and reached
the Neuse River at Manteo's Paper Mill at 8:30 p. m., covering
twelve miles. The bridge was rickety, and broke with Geary's
trains, and the division camped on the south side. On May i the
Neuse was passed, and in the afternoon the Tar River at Dickerson's
Bridge. Having made twenty miles, camp was made at 8:30 p. m.
May 2 the division covered sixteen miles, marching via Salem Church ,
and went into camp at 6 p. m. May 3 the march covered twenty-
two miles, crossing the Roanoke at Taylor's Ferry upon a double
pontoon. May 4 the division marched nineteen and one-half miles,
through WiUiamsborough, crossing the Meherrin River at SafTold's
Bridge, and camped at 3:30 p. m. May 5 the route crossed the
Nottaway River, and being in the advance, the division made nine-
teen miles and camped at 3 :3o p. m. On May 6 the division marched
fifteen miles, reaching Blacks and Whites Station on the South
Side Railroad, and camped at i p. m. On May 7, Sunday, the
divisions having the advance marched at 4:30 a. m. and, having
crossed the Appomatox River upon pontoons, camped at Clover
Hill Coal Mines, having marched sixteen miles. May 8 a march of
thirteen miles brought the command to camp about five miles from
William E. Childs
First Lieutenant, Company H
Thomas C. Taylor
Bugler, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, Co. D
i865] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 213
Manchester, a suburb of Richmond, at noon. On May 9 the division
moved two miles nearer Richmond and bivouacked.
Major- General Halleck had, on April 22, been placed in com-
mand of the Military Division of the James, with headquarters at
Richmond, and upon the arrival of General Sherman's armies gave
orders for a march in review as the Western armies passed through
Richmond. He wrote General Sherman on May 8, asking him to
stop at his headquarters, where he would provide rooms for his aides
as well. General Sherman had seen a telegram of date April 26, from
General Halleck to the Secretary of War, in which General Halleck
advised the Secretary that he had given orders to Generals Meade,
Sheridan, and Wright not to obey any orders from General Sherman
and to disregard the truce. General Sherman was outraged at the
undue haste exhibited by General Halleck to take action that would
discredit him in the eyes of the whole nation, and replied, declining
the invitation in emphatic terms, saying Ke would march with his
troops, and preferred they should not meet. General Halleck re-
phed, disclaiming any intention of offence, but the angry general
refused to be placated, and countermanded the orders for review.
At 10 A. M., May 11, the corps left its bivouac near Manchester
and marched in triumph through the capital of the Confederacy.
General Devens of the Twenty-fourth Corps turned out his command
as the corps passed Manchester and did honor to the marching
column. He had at Chancellorsville commanded the Second Divis-
ion of the Eleventh Corps, and was known to many of the Twentieth
Corps who had taken part in that battle. The march through the
Rebel capital was a memorable one for the regiments of the Third
Brigade. Two years ago we had threatened it from the north, and
now, after many weary marches and toilsome campaigns, our reward
had come. The triumphant columns, attended by cheering crowds
of whites and blacks, passed Capitol Hill, and for a brief moment
the arms, as if in review, came down from a "right shoulder" to a
"shoulder" when passing the equestrian statue of Washington, doing
honor to the Father of his Country; passed Jefferson Davis's White
House, now deserted; passed the prisons of Castle Thunder, Libby
Prison, and Belle Isle, and, marching north, encamped at 6 p. m.
on Brook Creek, four miles from Capitol Hill, on ground made
214 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
historic by General Kilpatrick when he trained his guns on Rich-
mond in 1862. We had marched ten miles from our bivouac.
The march of the 12th was only eight miles, through the Chick-
ahominy swamps and crossing the river of that name. From here
the country was all historic, almost a succession of names made
familiar by daily reports of marches, skirmishes, and battles for all
the four years of the war. Saturday's march of sixteen miles took
the command through Ashland, and after crossing the South Anna
and New Found rivers, we camped at 5 p. m. On Sunday, the 14th,
a march of nineteen miles brought us over the Virginia Central
Railroad and the North Anna River at Anderson Bridge, to camp
at 6 P. M. Monday, the 15th, the command covered nineteen miles
to familiar grounds, as we passed through Spottsylvania Court
House and into the tangled Wilderness region. We crossed the
Ta, Po, and Ny rivers and camped at ill-fated Chancellorsville.
Our comrades of the Fourteenth Corps examined the ground with
the interest of soldiers and commented freely as the veterans of
Chancellorsville piloted them to the points of interest and pointed
out the positions of the contending armies. No member of the old
Eleventh blushed for his corps. Their record in the past two years
had been proof of their quality, and that the errors of that field were
not those of the rank and file. Our march of the i6th still north
covered twenty-two miles, over the Rappahannock at United States
Ford, to camp on ground familiar to those who made that horrible
journey in rain and mire after the battle. Some of them, too, remem-
bered all too vividly a long train of army wagons filled with groaning
men, who endured the torture of the corduroy road all night, till
dawn brought rest and the ministrations of the sanitary camp. We
dined at Hartwood Church just as when we had marched from
Brooke Station in 1863; then moved north to Town Creek and
camp at 7 130 p. m. May 1 7 in our seventeen miles we passed camp-
grounds and places familiar in our mouths as household words.
Catlett Station, Brentsville, Kettle Run, and Broad Run recalled
memories of the early summer of 1863, and the expedition under
Colonel Buschbeck after a railroad train, besides a hundred similar
incidents. Friday, the i8th, we passed just east of Centreville,
and after a march of twenty miles camped at Fairfax Station.
1865] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 215
The march reminded all of Bull Run Second and of the Gettysburg
campaign, which for us began on this route. A short march of nine
miles on Saturday, the 19th, and we had reached Fairfax Seminary,
four miles west of Alexandria. Our march of twenty days from
Raleigh had covered 286 miles.
General Sherman reached his camp near Alexandria on the 19th,
and announced his arrival in a note to General Grant's chief of
staff, so characteristic as to be worth preserving:
Headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi. Camp near Alexandria,
May 29, 1863.
General John A. Rawlins,
Chief of Staff,
Washington, D. C.
General:
I have the honor to report my arrival at camp near the Washington road,
three miles north of Alexandria. All of my army should be in camp here to-
day. I have seen the order for the review in the papers, but Colonel Sawyer says
it is not here in ofl&cial form. I am old-fashioned and prefer to see orders
through some other channel, but if that be the new fashion, so be it. I will be
all ready by Wednesday, though in the rough. Troops have not been paid for
eight or ten months, and clothing may be bad, but a better set of legs and arms
cannot be displayed on this continent. Send me all orders and letters you may
have for me, and let some one newspaper know that the vandal Sherman is en-
camped near the canal bridge, half-way between the Long Bridge and Alexan-
dria, to the west of the road, where his friends, if any, can find him. Though
in disgrace, he is untamed and unconquered.
As ever your friend,
W. T. Sherman,
Major-General.
From May 20 to 23, inclusive, the four corps of Sherman's army
rested and prepared for the Grand Review, which had been ordered
for May 24. The Army of the Potomac marched in review on the
23d. Many members of the Western army visited Washington and
enjoyed, as only soldiers can, the pomp and magnificence of a well-
drilled and well-appointed army displaying the resources and strength
of a great country.
Thfe 24th day of May, 1865, was one memorable forever in the
history of Sherman's armies. Leaving camp at an early hour, the
sinuous line marched over Arlington Heights, from which elevation
3l6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
many saw the Capitol for the first time, crossed the Long Bridge,
and at last passed out of Secession's domain. The head of the
column passed around the Capitol, and following the General and
his staff, entered Pennsylvania Avenue at exactly 9 a. m. Dense
masses of spectators filled doorways, windows, balconies, and every
available place of observation. They gazed with curious and admir-
ing eyes at General Sherman as he rode at the head of his command,
and after he had passed, at his scarred and war-worn legions,
remembering their record of heroic service, their march of 2,000
miles from the Mississippi to the Potomac, their bloody battles
recorded on the tattered banners now flung proudly to the breeze.
For six and a half hours the avenue, from the Capitol to the Presi-
dent's House, heard the steady tramp of regiments, brigades, divisions,
and corps, till 70,000 veterans had passed by, rejoicing with the
wildly enthusiastic crowds in their great and final triumph. Proudly
the veterans of the Fifty-Fifth received the greetings of their Ohio
friends as they displayed the blue banner of the State and the faded
and torn colors of the Union, inscribed with the names of more
than twenty great battles and marches, from Franklin and Bull Run
to Averasborough and Bentonville. Their uniforms were faded,
but their arms were bright, and their free and vigorous swing and
the uniformity of motion which distinguished the entire column,
told a tale of discipline and drill hardly expected of "Sherman's
Bummers." The rear of each division, too, afforded interest and
amusement; for the army was not only marching in review, it was
changing its camp, and as the pack animals appeared carrying their
accustomed load of camp-kettles and frying-pans, neatly stored, and
bearing aloft a pet dog or a rooster, a 'possum or a negro boy, the
mascot for the command, cheers and laughter followed the sight.
In its turn each regiment of the brigade — the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, the
Seventy-third Ohio, Thirty-third Massachusetts, Twenty-sixth Wis-
consin, Twentieth Connecticut, and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth
New York — dipped its colors before the President, General Grant,
General Sherman, Generals Logan and Slocum, and a host of digni-
taries, both home and foreign, who stood on the reviewing platform
before the President's house.
i86s] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 217
After passing the reviewing stand, the corps took up its line of
march to a new camp-ground on the north, near Fort Lincoln, on
the Anacostia River. The day's march had been twelve miles, and
most welcome was the camp by the cool stream after a fatiguing
tramp over the unyielding cobblestones of the streets of Washington.
THE MUSTER-OUT
While encamped in the environs of Washington, the organiza-
tion of the Twentieth Corps was discontinued. The veteran regi-
ments were organized into a provisional division and, under command
of General A. S. Williams, were attached to the Fourteenth Corps,
which was then commanded by General Jefferson C. Davis.
The Ohio regiments were brigaded under General J. S. Robinson;
the brigade comprised the Fifty-Fifth, Sixty-sixth, Seventy- third,
and Eighty-second regiments of infantry; and on June 15 it left
Washington for Louisville and final discharge.
The brigade left Washington late in the afternoon by the Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad, and notwithstanding an hour's delay at
Cumberland in the morning, reached Parkersburg in good time by
dayhght of the second day. From Parkersburg the command
traveled by steamer to Louisville — an uneventful journey. The
steamer tied up for the night near Gallipohs; and in the morning,
as the Ohio towns were passed, the soldiers crowded to the Ohio
side of the boat, cheering the grateful throngs who crowded the banks
and waved their salutes. Guards had to be stationed along the
center of the deck to keep the boat on an even keel. Cincinnati
was passed on the afternoon of the 19th, and Louisville was reached
about 10 A. M. of the 20th.
The division was marched to camp at Speed's Plantation about
three miles east of the city on the Bardstown pike, where great trees
afforded a welcome shade, and the work of preparing the final rolls
was taken in hand.
On July 4 the command paraded in honor of the day, and also
to welcome General Sherman, who came to bid the veterans of the
Twentieth Corps a final adieu. It was an intensely hot day, and
some men gave out under the strain.
2l8 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
The remnant of the corps was drawn uj) in mass at the foot of
a slight elevation, from the summit of which the General gave us
his last word as our commander. No one who heard his somewhat
low, but resonant, voice can ever forget the^emotions which were
expressed in his simple but forceful words; sorrow for the heroic
dead, sympathy for the broken and disabled, and joyful congrat-
ulations for the' living who had done so much to redeem and to save
the Union. He frankly told that portion of the corps which had
come to his command from the Eastern Army of his lack of complete
confidence in it at first in its ability to meet the assaults of our valiant
enemy; but he said that after Resaca, and New Hope Church, and
especially after Peach Tree Creek, his confidence was completely
gained, and he never afterwards hesitated to rely on the Twentieth
Corps as completely as he did on the Fifteenth Corps, and he could
say no more than that. He recited the history of the corps under
his command, and gave it his warmest commendation. With sincere
words he counselled the men to equal in civil life the record which
they had made as soldiers; and with his best wishes for our welfare
he gave us his blessing and farewell.
On July II the rolls were completed and the regiment was mus-
tered out of service. It was ordered to Cleveland for pay and final
rendezvous. On July 12 we left camp at Louis\dlle, and were
separated from the Seventy-third Ohio Infantry, with which we had
been brigaded for nearly four years. The Seventy-third was drawn
up in b"ne, and as the Fifty-Fifth marched past both regiments gave
three cheers as a final salute to each other. The journey to Cleveland
was by steamer as far as Cincinnati, and thence by train; and on the
fair grounds, southeast of the business portion of the city, our final
camp was made. Some days were occupied in preparing pay-rolls,
but at last the demands of red tape were satisfied, and, having been
paid in full, on July 20, about noon, the regiment was drawn up in
line for the final command. The names of more than 500 ofl&cers
and men were on the rolls, but absences on sick leave, in hospital,
and on detached service had reduced the number of fit for duty;
only 298 oflftcers and men remained of the 1,384 who had at one
time or another been counted as members of the regiment.
a 2:
1865] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 219
Colonel E. H. Powers made a short address, as follows:
"Officers and soldiers of the FJty-Fifth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry:
The hour has come when this regiment is to disband, and its members to return
to civil life. Its history as an organization is completed. When you break
ranks now, there will be no longer a Fifty-Fifth Regiment in existence. You
will then, each and all, be private citizens of this great nation which you did so
much to preserve from destruction. Let it be the proud aim of every member
of this grand regiment to return to civil hfe better prepared, if need be, to dis-
charge the duties of citizenship than before joining the army, because the
sacrifices made to preserve our hberties have been so great that we are better
fitted to properly appreciate their value.
"The Fifty-Fifth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry is one that Ohio may
well be proud of. It participated in many of the great battles of the war,
and scores of smaller engagements, as well as in some of the severest marches.
It was many times on short rations; but notwithstanding its great loss of life
in killed and died of wounds, its loss by disease and the hardships of camp-Hfe
was very small — the percentage of desertions much less than is ordinarily the
case in regiments that see such hard service.
"It was the Fifty-Fifth's great privilege to serve at the front during four years
of as hard fighting as this world has ever seen, and that service was rendered
cheerfully and loyally. We soldiered in the Eastern Army two years, and in
the Western Army two years, and in both were always at the front, and we
know what active campaigning means. We can proudly point to our record of
deeds well done. Many of our brave comrades — Colonel Gambee, oflftcers,
and men — have given their lives to perpetuate our glorious Union, while we
have been graciously spared. Let us keep their memories green; and as we
return to our several homes, let us show to our neighbors and the world that
patriotic citizen -soldiers are not necessarily demoralized and unfit for the
ordinary avocations of life by war's desolations.
"With these parting words I now declare the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Veteran Vol-
unteer Infantry disbanded."
There was a moment's pause, the company oflficers gave the
command "Break ranks!" — and the long term of patriotic service
was ended. The members of the regiment hastened to join their
friends, some of whom had come to Cleveland to see the final cere-
mony, and others of whom had gone to seek them at their homes,
where many a joyful reunion took place.
The members of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio were strongly attached to
each other, as might well be expected ; and as these lines are penned
it is worthy of record that for thirty-nine consecutive years the
220 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
regimental association has lieid annual reunions, which have been
largely attended. On September 20 and 21, 1904, at Bellevue, O.,
one hundred and twelve survivors of the regiment met to dedi-
cate a monument to Colonel Gambee, a like tribute to Colonel Lee
having been erected at Tiffin, O., in 1898.
It has not been possible in a simple record of this kind to do
justice to the loyalty, courage, and endurance which marked the
history of this command ; but as its members one by one pass beyond
the veil they will leave a record of duty faithfully performed as a
precious legacy to generations yet unborn who may read hereafter
of the Trials and the Triumphs of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry.
CHAPTER XIII
WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR
By Chaio-otte Wooster Boalt
WHEN the nation was at war, the business of carrying on the
war was paramount. We all went into that business, even
we women, our part being to find and forward the things necessary
to the comfort of the soldiers in the field, and to add to that comfort
by looking after their families wherever there was need. At the
very beginning, every woman foresaw that there would be dire need
of comfort. Our soldiers were not out of first camps when our
women — almost all of them — all over the North, in every hamlet,
town, or city, were organized into the great Army of Aid. The
call did not come to one woman alone, and then from her to the rest
of us — we all had the call. If one voiced it, it was simply to make
a rallying point. We took up our scissors, thimbles, needles, thread,
our jellies and household stores, and flocked to those points, hundreds
of thousands strong. April 19, 1861, — four days after President
Lincoln's first call for troops, — the ladies of Cleveland published a
call for a general meeting next day. The hall was full, and they
organized and went to work.
Thirty-five years ago, 1869, some one wrote about that begin-
ning, some one who still felt the stirrings of heart of 1861 and whose
memory was fresh and true: "There were flushed faces aglow with
exalted feeling, troubled brows shaded by vague apprehension,
grave countenances pale with nameless forebodings, eyes that
sparkled with excitement, and eyes with a startled outlook, or dim
with gathering tears."
The same thing was going on all over the land. Down in Huron
County, in dear old Norwalk, the same call came, was heard, and
obeyed. The same excitement, startled outlook, forebodings, tears,
were there; and there, too, was the same determination to work.
Out from those maple-shaded homes flocked the best women who
ever lived, in obedience to that call.
222 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
I quote from a history written by Mrs. H. S. Mitchell twenty-
three years ago, in 1881, when memory was still fresh and true:
"Women took but little time to weep for the loved one gone
to the front. Not five days after President Lincoln's call for troops,
mothers, wives, and sisters were banded together, eagerly inquiring
what there was for them to do."
The first organization in Norwalk was in 1861. At first it was
composed of both sexes, the part of the gentlemen being to furnish
the money by quarterly subscriptions, the first installment of which
is dated May 18, 1861. The officers were:
President Charles B. Stickney.
Secretary J. C. Curtis.
Treasurer David H. Pease.
rMrs. G. G. Baker.
I Mrs. J. W. Baker.
Board of Directors -l Mrs. O. Jenney.
Mrs. C. E. Pennewell.
Mrs. S. T. Worcester.
Owing to the perplexing, harassing conditions of all business,
sure to come in war times, the gentlemen found difficulty in doing
their part of the work, namely, collecting the quarterly subscriptions.
Therefore, in August, 1862, the Alert Club, an organization of
young women and girls — mostly girls — was formed for the purpose
of collecting funds, and in November of the same year all the offices
of the Aid Society were transferred to the ladies. The officers,
after said transfer, were as follows:
President Mrs. J. M. Farr.
Vice-Presidents j Mrs. W. O. Barker.
' Mrs. C. E. Pennewell.
Secretary Mrs. M. A. Corwin.
Treasurer Mrs. N. S. Moulton.
Other and later presidents were Mrs. C. Gallup and Mrs. John
F. Dewey. Another vice-president was Mrs. E. E. Husted. Another
treasurer, Mrs. F. Sawyer.
Mrs. Samuel T. Worcester
Mrs. Lizzie H. Fakr
Mrs. Henry M. Wooster
WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR 223
The officers of the Alert Club were:
President Mrs. S. T. Worcester.
Secretary Miss Lizzie Gallup.
.' Miss Mary Graves.
Treasurers : \ Miss Lucy Preston.
( Mrs. T. W. Christian.
Directresses \ ^'^^ ^- Rowland.
' Miss C. H. Jenney.
Collectors The Whole Society.
Later a new office — that of recorder — was created, and Miss
S. C. Mason was elected thereto. Later, also, there were vice-
presidents, Mrs. T. W. Christian and Miss S. Rowland. Mary
Wickham was made corresponding secretary, and later Mrs.
William Cline became treasurer.
November 27, 1863, a new society, called the Norwalk Union,
was organized, of which the officers were:
President Mrs. Henry M. Wooster.
Tr T, -A . \ Mrs. Eli Peters.
Vice-Presidents \
' Miss Mary Ann Watson.
Secretary Mrs. J. M. Farr.
Treasurer Mrs. D. W. Newton.
[Mrs. D. H. Pease.
^. ^ .^ J Mrs. E. Peters.
f inance Committee i , , ^ _..
I Mrs. T. Tilton.
[ Miss C. H. Jenney.
In the records of the Norwalk Union Society is found the follow-
ing:
"July 10, 1863, the President reported as having received from
the Beehive (Children's Aid) Society $21.98, as one share in their
Fourth of July Festival. We take pleasure in acknowledging it,
and also in commending the energy and industry of the little girls."
Also:
"August II, 1863, quite a number of little girls came in and
industriously hemmed handkerchiefs, notwithstanding the extremely
uncomfortable state of the weather."
224 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
.The work of these societies, as shown in figures of the Norwalk
Soldiers' Aid Society, is as follows:
Total money raised .153,455.94
Total money disbursed 3,385.94
The balance, $70.00, was given to help to found the Young
Men's Library. The stores, sent out before the transfer of offices
to the ladies, were not counted or valued, but they were known to
be creditable. After the transfer, 225 barrels, boxes, or kegs were
sent forward.
The Alert Club records show:
Total money raised and disbursed $3,932.93
They sent forward 37 boxes, barrels, or kegs. They gave after
the war was over $900.00 to the Young Men's Library. (This is
included, I suppose, in above disbursements.)
The Norwalk Union, for the eighteen months of its existence,
reported :
Total money raised and disbursed $1,860.41
Total value of stores (200 boxes) 1,000.00
The society at the close of the war distributed the money on hand
as follows:
Columbus Soldiers' Home $100.00
Union Commission, New York 100.00
Cleveland Soldiers' Home 50.00
Young Men's Library, Norwalk 80.00
$330.00
(This is included in above disbursement of $1,860.41.)
There were mistakes, of course. The government made them;
the army made them ; why shouldn't we ?
The fijst mistake of record was Havelocks. We sewed our first
beautiful enthusiasm into expensive, stiff white linen, resulting in
bonnets that our soldier boys thought very funny, played pranks
in, and then threw away — hundreds of thousands of Havelocks.
The next notable mistake was Canned Chicken. "Chicken had
WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR 225
been prescribed for the soldier boys, and chicken they should have,"
says the Cleveland historian. The whole army of women went to
killing and canning poultry. Then the "bouquet de concentrated
chicken" began to fill the Aid rooms. "Business meetings were
conducted with great gravity, each member holding a saucer of
disinfectant under her nose." The Norwalk historian says they
"smelled to Heaven." And another, Mrs. D. H. Pease, writing
only the other day, says, "My standard may be low in the smeUing
line, but the fragrance of that canned chicken, which came in from
the country to be packed, has been with me, lo, these forty
years."
I quote again from the Norwalk historian, Mrs. H. S. Mitchell:
"Great rolls of bandages and lint, prepared by loving and un-
skillful hands, in every way but the right one at first, were embalmed
in tears and sent on their errand of mercy. Barrels of dry toast,
which became sour and mouldy, or were ground to powder in trans-
portation, were shipped by fastest freight. Had the kind sugges-
tion of one wise lady among us been heeded, the novel spectacle
would have been presented of long freight trains on their way to
the seat of war, loaded with umbrellas.
"But the days of experiment passed at last, and the Soldiers'
Aid Societies settled down to five years' steady, systematic work,
as surprising as it was gratifying in its immense results. Nothing
was too precious to be sent where the most precious had gone before."
Steady? Systematic? I should say so. The Alert Club, for
example, sixty in number, immediately revived the gentlemen's
quarterly subscriptions and collected the money. They established
a monthly subscription list for everybody in town, as low as a penny
a week, if I remember rightly, from those who could not give more,
and then went regularly after it. They divided the town into dis-
tricts, two girls to a district, and then they trudged miles every
month, rain or shine, cold or heat, after those pennies. Result, the
first year, $824.75. Steady? S)^stematic? Surely.
One day into Norwalk rooms came a pile of costly, beautiful,
unimpaired linen sheets, a part of the marriage outfit of the mother
sending them. They were for the Boy in Blue, of whom her boy
was image and representative. And so it was with everything and
226 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
every one. The most precious having gone lo the front, the irresist-
ible impulse was to send everything that was valuable after them.
Women gave up even precious old prejudices, and of these they
were the cheerfulest kind of givers. I quote from an old secretary
book, in which were recorded the minutes of meetings:
"July 21, 1863. Dr. Read has returned from Nashville. He
makes a piteous appeal for tobacco for the men; speaks of their
self-denial to get a small quantity for a single day; of men crawhng
out of trenches in the face of the enemy to procure a certain kind of
moss they had discovered.
"Our good friend, Mrs. Boalt, to whom I told this, says: 'Our
boys must have what they want, no matter what.' I am very much
of her opinion. When the lack of an accustomed article interferes
with their health, strength, and courage, it is no time to cure the
bad habit. And if our boys fight our battles, undergoing every
privation, we, at ease at home, have no right to deny them every-
thing that adds to their few comforts."
Under date July 28, 1863, the minutes record a discussion indi-
cating that the children wanted their gift (hereinbefore mentioned
as part of proceeds from a Fourth of July Festival) appropriated
for tobacco, and to this was added: "The ladies had become so
much interested in the tobacco question, as well as the children,
that it was finally decided to appropriate that (the children's gift),
and a sum not to exceed fifty dollars, for the purpose of supplying
tobacco to the Fifty-Fifth and One Hundred and First regiments."
Then under date of August 4, 1863, we read: "We also sent
to the same regiments, to the Fifty-Fifth 135 pounds of tobacco,
and to the One Hundred and First 100 pounds, there being about
200 men in the latter regiment and 300 in the former."
We had fairs, festivals, and shows without end in those days,
and we spent our money, ate, drank, danced, and gazed unweariedly.
The sounds of fair, festival, show, the bustle and the buzz, the
music and the murmurs of appreciation, were all in harmony with
one universal deep emotion that moved in all our souls. Adoration
of the heroism down in Dixie, an emotion that was a theme of music
running through all those times, every thought, word, and deed
being set to it.
WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR 227
"Smiles and tears," says the Norwalk historian, "grew very close
together in those days, and, as we look back upon the time, we
wonder that the aching, anxious hearts could, even for a few moments,
have been so charmed into forgetfulness."
But so it was. We were so charmed; but, though outwardly
forgetful, accompanying everything all along was the deep-toned
harmony I have spoken of, adoration of the heroism down in Dixie,
that never left us.
"And now began an era," continues the historian, "of cake and
ice cream. The frigid luxury was made away with in quantities
which seemed to set all rules of health at defiance. Gallons upon
gallons were, every few weeks, concocted in Mrs. Wickham's
hospitable kitchen, and eaten in old Whittlesey for the good of
the cause."
And then came the tableaux, the "Thousand and one nights"
of entrancement, the deep-toned harmony I have spoken of running
through everything the orchestra played and associating itself with
all the pictures.
"And such dramatic talent," says Mrs. Mitchell, "as those days
developed! Stars of the first magnitude burst suddenly upon the
astonished gaze of admiring friends. Statuary that the most eminent
sculptor might sigh in vain to equal, night after night charmed the
gaze of multitudes, who were glad even to find standing room in the
densely packed hall. At the very name of 'Night of Oppression
and Dawn of Liberty,' who does not see the curtain rising to soft,
sweet music as the fair-haired angel comes floating gently down, to
the intense dehght of a breathless audience ? The magnificence of
'Belshazzar's Feast,' the quaint attractions of 'The Cotter's Saturday
Night,' the lovely dream of 'Abou Ben Adhem,' the unspeakable
horrors of 'Blue Beard's Chamber,' or 'Witch of Endor's Cave' —
are they not pictures still to memory dear?"
Indeed they are. Over forty years again come the sights, the
sounds, and the old harmony of adoration of heroism that moved
the soul so constantly in the sixties. And among the sounds is
that of laughter when the machinery, by which the fair-haired angel
(Mary Wickham, I think) floated downward, stuck midway; and I
hear again the voice of Miss Lila Yale reading "The Cotter's Saturday
228 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Night," and that of Oscar E. Kellogg toning impressively our
favorite, "Abou Ben Adhem."
Smiles and tears are very close together still. The curtain is
down, the lights are out, but we remember. And the music of
adoration of heroism is deeper, more solemn, more sweet, for the
heroes are fast going over to the Immortals.
I have spoken of women's part in the war as part of its business.
And it was business; it constantly engaged us, and it was exacting.
Every day, all day, those women were at their posts. This
business dominated them, and would not even "let their religious
hours alone." Said Mrs. Farr, one Sunday, "I couldn't think of a
thing in church to-day but potatoes." Scurvy was making trouble
down in the army. Pickles of all sorts, especially artichokes and
onions, had been hurried to the front. The materials for pickles
were giving out. Word had come that pickled potatoes were next
to artichokes in merit, and so the country for miles around had been
canvassed for potatoes. The farmers had promised Uberally.
Mrs. Farr, looking intently at the preacher, Dr. Newton, was
thinking about those farmers. Would they come as they were ex-
pected, on the morrow ? And how many potatoes would they bring ?
And how could she best and most quickly distribute them among
the housekeepers for pickling, and how best regather, barrel, and
ship them ? She went over and over in her mind all the busy days
of the week before her, for "those soldiers must have those pickled
potatoes, and must have them quick." Potatoes, potatoes, potatoes !
They were hymn and prayer and sermon that Sunday to her.
The farmers came. I can remember the teams and teams, and
the bushels and bushels. I hear again their hearty words of cheer,
and their laughter of gladness that they could bring the soldiers so
much. I don't know how many potatoes went. But I do know
that over i,ooo gallons of "chopped pickle" went from the Norwalk
Union one summer.
Says Mrs. Pease, once before quoted:
"If any of the faithful show signs of being stoop-shouldered,
I think we can lay it in part to doubling up in those flour barrels
in which we packed our army stores. It was a long time before I
could pass one vdthout taking its measurement."
WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR 229
I fancy it was a long time before we could accustom ourselves —
when the war was over — to our ways of life before the war. Indeed,
some things have never left us. Women found out then what they
could do, especially if organized. And although organization may
be carried too far, the knowledge of the usefulness of allied woman-
hood dates from 1861.
And now the total results in dollars and cents. The three
Norwalk societies gave:
Money $9,249.28
Stores (a very incomplete estimate) 2,310.00
$11,559.28
The Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, headquarters at
Cleveland, had as its allies 321 societies in eighteen counties of
northeastern Ohio. Norwalk societies early arranged to ship
through the Cleveland society, which greatly facilitated the move-
ment of goods to their purpose and destination. The reports of
this Aid Society of Northern Ohio do not include the reports of these
branch organizations.
The money and army stores reported by the Cleveland ofl&cers
were of their own gathering; but the fact that all northern Ohio
contributed makes it proper to present the summing of their reports
here:
Money from April 20, 1861, to January i, 1869 $170,942.17
SuppUes from April 20, 1861, to January i, 1869 982,481.25
$1,153,423.42
If all the summaries of all the societies could be brought together
and added, we could have, in dollars and cents, the value of the
women in the business of war, and it might reach far over the milUon
mark. But nowhere — except in the memories that shall speak only
at the Last Day, when all the summaries shall be given — is it
known exactly what the women did.
CHAPTER XIV
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS
By Lieutenant-Coi.onel Charles P. Wickham
IN the spring of 1861, when it became apparent that the real
purpose of the Southern conspirators was the destruction of the
Union, and not alone the conservation of the institution of slavery,
the iron entered the soul of the North, and its patriotic people re-
solved that, come what would, the rebellion should be crushed. To
that end the great North became almost literally a miUtary camp.
From farm, and shop, and office, the youth of the land hastened to
enroll themselves in the service of their country. This situation was
brought about largely by the efforts of patriotic men who were too
old to enlist, but who could aid the great cause by the use of voice,
pen, and influence. When the Fifty-Fifth Regiment was organized
such friends of the cause were not wanting. There were many who
lent their aid, but, for want of space, only a few can be referred
to. Judge Samuel T. Worcester, Charles L. Boalt, and Judge Fred-
erick Wickham were among those who, by their influence and ener-
getic efforts, rendered great assistance in bringing about the rapid
and successful organization of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment.
Judge Samuel T. Worcester was born in the family homestead
in Hollis, New Hampshire, M'hich had been occupied by his ancestors
for three generations at least; by his great-grandfather. Rev. Francis
Worcester, his grandfather, Captain Noah Worcester, and his
father, Jesse Worcester. He was the thirteenth child of a family
consisting of nine sons and six daughters. He early exhibited
a taste for literary pursuits. He graduated from Harvard Col-
lege, with honors, in 1830. He removed to Norwalk in 1834,
where he was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts in 1835. Here
he practiced law most successfully, until his removal to New Hamp-
shire, in 1867, attaining an exalted position in his profession. He
was a member of the Ohio Senate during the years 1848-50. He
230
ve. ^i
%- *
Hon. SA^fUEL T. Worckster Charles L. Boat.
n: ^^'
Frederick Wickham
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 231
was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in October, 1858.
In the spring of 1861 he was elected Representative in Congress to
fill the vacancy occasioned by the elevation of John Sherman to the
United States Senate, to accept which he resigned the office of judge.
He served during the remainder of the term. He was greatly inter-
ested in the improvement and support of common schools, and while
in the Legislature was the author of a law "for the support and better
regulation of the public schools in cities and towns," which was the
foundation of our present admirable system of graded schools.
He was always deeply interested in pohtical questions, intensely
patriotic, and profoundly hated the system of negro slavery existing
in the South before the war. In Congress and at home he did all
he could to strengthen the hands of the government in the War of
the RebeUion. He took a lively interest in the enlistment and organ-
ization of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment, by his word and active influence
encouraging its formation and advancement. He was a man of the
highest character, and one against whose reputation as a man of
honor and uprightness no word was ever heard. He was a religious
man, having the most profound reverence for God, sincere gratitude
for His providence and mercies, a true love for His character, and a
deep sense of accountability to Him.
In 1835 he was married to Miss Mary F. C. Wales, of Stoughton,
Mass., who died at HoUis, New Hampshire, in the spring of 1874.
Judge Worcester departed this life December 6, 1882.
Charles Leicester Boalt was the second son of Captain John
and Ruth Lockwood Boalt, emigrants from Norwalk, Connecticut,
to Norwalk, Ohio, who had been "sufferers" during the Revolu-
tionary War by reason of the burning of Norwalk, Connecticut, by
the British, the destruction of which was so extensive as to leave
only five houses to mark the site of the pretty village. The family
availed themselves of the land bounty offered them by the Western
Reserve Firelands Association, and left relatives and home for a
pioneer life. At that early day the perils and dangers of such a
journey were great. A prayer-meeting was held at the old home-
stead before the family left, at which every blessing imaginable was
petitioned for, to lighten the privations and anxieties of the journey.
232 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Charles was about ten years old when the family reached their land
in Norwalk, part of which now constitutes beautiful Woodlawn Cem-
etery. In after years Mr. Boalt recalled with great pride his share in
planting the noble trees, many of which now adorn those beautiful
grounds. Mr. Boalt's early years were filled with struggle, industry,
and energy, traits so strong and enduring as to carry the boy through
many trials. Working diligently through the day he secured, by
studying nights, a respectable knowledge of letters. Schools were
few and far between; wild animals and Indians were plenty. In
his 'teens he began teaching school, and secured, through his own
efforts, an excellent knowledge of Latin. His pecuHar traits of char-
acter were observed by all his friends. No trouble was too great to
secure his objects, and no labor was too severe to secure his ends.
He chose law as his profession, and entered the law oflSce of his
brother-in-law. Judge Ebenezer Lane, for preparation. In 1827,
when twenty-five years of age, he was admitted to the bar. He be-
longed to the then so-called second generation of lawyers of the West-
ern Reserve. He first settled in Marion, Ohio, remaining there nearly
two years. In 1829 he formed a partnership in Columbus with the
elder Judge Parish. The death of his mother calling him to Nor-
walk, upon consideration he determined to remain there, where he
secured immediately a large and lucrative practice. In 1854 he
gradually withdrew from active practice, and engaged in railroad
and kindred pursuits. His were the heart and brains that insti-
tuted and successfully carried through the building of the Cleve-
land, Norwalk, and Toledo Railroad, placing its bonds, and buying
the rails in England through Baring Brothers. He returned from
Europe to become the first president of the company, which position
he held for several years, being succeeded by another Norwalk gen-
tleman, Mr. John Gardiner. Mr. Boalt was retained by eastern
capitalists as counsel and collecting attorney, and had many of the
prominent New York, Albany, and Buffalo firms as clients. In
1864 Mr. Boalt became president of the Sandusky, Mansfield, and
Newark Railroad Company, and was very influential in securing its
lease to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, himself drafting
the lease, which resulted in great benefit to both bondholders and
stockholders of the former company. He was a most enthusiastic
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 233
hunter and angler, and was at one time president of the Winous
Point Shooting Club, whose grounds were located at the head of
Sandusky Bay. Mr. Boalt died August 10, 1870, regretted by all
who knew him. He was a man of strong constitution and vigorous
make up, but an accidental injury two years before his death brought
on Bright's disease, which resulted fatally. He filled many positions
of trust, was president of several corporations, and was repeatedly
soUcited to allow his name to be used for political preferment, but
always replied: "I cannot afford pohtics." Of his patriotism it
seems hardly necessary to speak. His sympathies were always on
the alert in this direction. He gave largely for his means, and was
instantly ready to respond when asked to aid the Northern cause
in the Civil War. He gave his permission for his son of nineteen
years to enlist in the eighth regiment of Ohio volunteer infantry,
and also for the same son to enhst for the war in the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment. He made public speeches, and urged those men whose
enlistments were thought doubtful, to enlist at once and so help to
save their country. In a mass convention in Whittlesey Hall, Nor-
walk, he declared that, if necessary, he himself would enlist and would
shoulder his musket and head a company of enlisted men. Forty
years ago Mr. Boalt was of a type of manhood styled "self-made."
His career had been carved out of struggle for and by himself. This
he was very proud of, insisting that this free country of America could
stimulate the faculties of boy and man, and foster in him those qual-
ities necessary to success.
Judge Frederick Wickham was, at the time the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment was organized, editor and proprietor of the Norwalk Re-
flector, a paper which was established at Norwalk by Samuel Preston,
father-in-law of Judge Wickham, in the year 1830, and which had
been from that time one of the most influential journals in northern
Ohio. Mr. Wickham was born in New York City in 181 2, whence
his father removed with his family to Sodus Point, Wayne County,
New York, where the subject of this sketch grew up to manhood.
In 1833, when twenty-one years of age, he came to Norwalk, where
he lived until his death. In 1835 he was married to Lucy B. Preston.
Of this marriage there were bom thirteen children, of whom twelve
234 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
grew to maturity, Lieutenant-Colonel C. P. Wickham of the Fifty-
Fifth Regiment being the eldest of the family.
Judge Wickham was a man of strong convictions, of the strictest
integrity, and intensely patriotic. He was, during the life of the
Whig party, an adherent of that party, and after its dissolution he
became an enthusiastic and consistent Republican upon the organi-
zation of that party. Personally, and as editor of the Reflector, he
persistently, unceasingly, and ably advocated the principles of the
Repubhcan party, and by all honorable means sought and promoted
its success. He supported President Lincoln in his w-ar policy, and
through the columns of his paper urged and encouraged the organi-
zation of regiments under the President's calls. The Fifty-Fifth
Regiment was greatly indebted for its rapid and successful organiza-
tion to his patriotic efforts and the encouraging editorials of the
Reflector. He was entitled to be regarded as one of the promoters
of the regiment. Judge Wickham was for several years one of the
associate judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Huron County, as
it was organized under the old constitution. He was a member of
the State Senate in the time of the war, and in his later life Mayor of
Norwalk, besides having held other responsible official positions.
He died in January, 1901, in the 89th year of his age, on which occa-
sion the city council of Norwalk, although comprising gentlemen of
opposing politics, unanimously adopted resolutions expressing un-
qualifiedly their high appreciation of his character, abilities, and
official conduct.
The Fifty-Fifth Regiment was extremely fortunate in its original
field officers. They were gentlemen of ability, energy, and enthu-
siasm. They spared no effort looking toward an early enlistment
of the regimental quota ; and after the ranks were full, they proceeded
with great energy and intelligence to instruct both officers and men
in tactics and all the other essentials of military knowledge. No other
regiment from Ohio entered the field better prepared so far as tech-
nical know'ledge was concerned. The men were systematically and
persistently drilled from four to six hours a day for more than four
months. The line officers, in order to be prepared for that work,
were nightly instructed in an officers' school, which was held five
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 235
nights a week during the same period. When the regiment left for
the front, it could be handled in the manual of arms and in company
and regimental tactics with the precision of regulars.
When the regiment left Ohio, its field and staff officers were :
Colonel, John C. Lee; Lieutenant- Colonel, George H. Safford;
Major, Daniel F. De Wolf; Major-Surgeon, Jay KHng; Assistant
Surgeon, Captain Henry K. Spooner; Quartermaster and Commissary,
Lieutenant R. G. Pennington; Adjutant, Lieutenant Frank W.
Martin. This was the original field and staff. The regiment, as it
went to the front in all its fine efficiency, was the creature, so to speak,
of their handiwork. All of them had contributed to it by their
energy, abihty, unceasing labor, and watchfulness. It was a crea-
tion to be proud of, and they were proud of it. The history of the
regiment, thereafter to be written in toil and blood, justified their
hopes.
Colonel John C. Lee was born January 7, 1828, in Brown's
Township, Delaware County, Ohio. His ancestors on both sides
were from the North of Ireland. His parents, Hugh Lee and Mary
A. Lee, were natives of Virginia, and came to Ohio soon after their
marriage, setthng in Delaware County. The mother died in 1836,
and the father in 1859. The family removed to the town of Dela-
ware in 1838. The educational privileges of the son began in a rude
log school-house, and were limited to that until the removal of the
family to Delaware, Ohio, where the way was opened for his prepara-
tion for Central College, Franklin County, where he studied for one
year. Thence he went to Western Reserve College, at Hudson,
Ohio, in 1845, where he was graduated in 1848. Selecting law for
his profession, he entered the office of R. G. Pennington, of Tiffin,
in 1850, and pursued his reading until July, 1852, when he was
admitted to the bar and became a partner of his tutor whom he soon
succeeded in the practice. Upon the outbreak of the Rebellion in
April, 1 86 1, Mr. Lee surrendered his professional business to enter
the military service of the government, enlisting in the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which he was appointed Major, October
20, 1861, and was promoted to Colonel, November 28, 1861. At
Moorefield, W. Va., the regiment first met the enemy, who were
236 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
defeated and the town taken. After spending the month of March
as a member of a court martial at Charleston, Colonel Lee rejoined
the regiment at Romney. By order of General R. C. Schenck, he
was given command of the district of the South Potomac, and in
May, 1862, marched for the relief of General Milroy at McDowell,
took part in the Shenandoah campaign, and was in the battles of
Freeman's Ford, White Sulphur Springs, New Baltimore, New
Market, Thoroughfare Gap, Gainesville, Chantilly, the Second Bull
Run, and others, in which he bore a part which challenged the appro-
val of his superior officers. At Chancellorsville, in 1863, Colonel
Lee commanded his regiment in a brigade, consisting of the Twenty-
fifth, Fifty-Fifth, Seventy-fifth, and One Hundred and Seventh Ohio
Regiments, his bravery being evidenced by the fact that his horse
was shot under him. In consequence of the death of a child and the
serious illness of Mrs. Lee, the Colonel was forced to leave the field,
and his resignation was accepted May 18, 1863. The condition of
his family warranting his absence from home, in the spring of 1864,
he accepted the command of the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth
Regiment of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which was assigned for
service chiefly about the fortifications of Washington City, where it
remained with more or less activity, until the aggressive movements
against the Capital. During May, June, and July of 1864, he was
in command of all troops from Long Bridge to Chain Bridge in the
defences of Washington. His military service throughout was
marked by a degree of intelligence, earnestness, devotion, and con-
sideration for his command, which from the first challenged the ad-
miration and confidence of superiors and subordinates. On March
13, 1865, he was commissioned by the President Brigadier-General
by brevet, " for meritorious service in the field." The reports of the
second battle of Bull Run made special mention of Colonel Lee's
efficiency in command. His regiment had been sent to an advanced
position of great peril, and during the fight a rebel force made a flank
movement, forming a line at right angles with the Union lines, making
necessary a change of front by Colonel Lee, whose command was
already largely disorganized by being compelled to fall back to the
main fine from the advanced position to which he had been assigned.
Regardless of company organization, which was lost, and under the
MoNa'MKNT Kki:('ti;i) to Coloxi'.i. Lici;
Ai TiKFiN, Ohio, in icSgS, by the Rpxiimentai, Association
Fifty-Fifth Ohio Voi-unteers
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 237
raking fire of the enemy, he was able to change front successfully by
batallion, instead of by companies. Such an operation, under the
circumstances stated, could be possible only with men well disci-
pHned and having full confidence in their commander. Upon leaving
the army, General Lee resumed the practice of law at Tiffin. In
addition to this, he was largely identified with various interests of a
public nature, serving for five years as a member of the City Board
of Education, and for seven years as Chief Engineer of the Fire
Department. In 1869, he removed to Toledo, where he then formed
a partnership with James M. Brown, who had been a student with
him at Tiffin. This firm continued until 1882, when a son of the
senior partner, Harry E. Lee, was admitted, the firm's name becoming
Lee, Brown and Lee. This arrangement continued until the retire-
ment of the junior partner in 1887. For a few years after becoming
a voter, Mr. Lee acted with the Whigs, but from the time of its organi-
zation he co-operated with the Repubhcan party, both as a voter and
in such more general methods as occasion offered him. Upon the
declination by Samuel Galloway, in 1867, of a nomination as the
Repubhcan candidate for lieutenant-governor, General Lee was
selected for that position and was elected. He was again nominated
and elected to the same place in 1869, serving for both terms with
Governor R. B. Hayes. As presiding officer of the State Senate, he
commanded the respect and confidence of that body irrespective of
poHtical divisions. On the occasion of three State Repubhcan Con-
ventions, he was called to preside over the same. In 1868, he was a
delegate-at-large from Ohio to the Republican National Convention
and was a presidential elector-at-large from Ohio, and president of
the State Electoral College in 1872. He was appointed United States
attorney for the Northern District of Ohio, in 1877, his term expiring
in March, 1881. His special qualities both as a debater and orator
early made him a favorite at pubhc assemblages of all kinds. His
power in pohtical discussions was exceptionally great. The appre-
ciation of his talents and character is best seen in the extent to which
his services were caUed in public ways. Though without church
connections, he was for many years identified with Presbyterian and
Congregational churches; and while an earnest advocate of temper-
ance, he did not act with any temperance party. He was a trustee
238 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
of Western Reserve College from 1874 to 1891. On May 20, 1853,
at Tiffin, General Lee was married to Miss Charlotte E. Hoffman, a
native of Germany. General Lee died March 24, 1891, and was
buried at Tiffin, Ohio, where his survivors of the Fifty-Fifth and
One Hundred and Sixty-fourth regiments erected to his memory, in
1898, a beautiful granite monument.
Lieutenant-Colonel George H. Safford, at the time that he entered
the service, was successfully practicing law at Norwalk, Ohio, where
he at one time held the office of prosecuting attorney of Huron
County. He was born in 1824 and at the time he entered the ser-
vice in September, 1861, was thirty-seven years of age. He was com-
missioned Lieutenant-Colonel on the nth of that month. During
the organization of the command he was untiring in securing enlist-
ments, and labored zealously in that field. He was with the com-
mand during the West Virginia and Cross Keys campaigns and was
appointed to take charge of a detail of officers on recruiting service,
which left the command early in August, 1862. Upon his return the
regiment was in winter quarters at Stafford Court House. He re-
signed March 4, 1863, and resided for many years in Cleveland,
Ohio, engaged in the practice of law. He died at the house of his
son, Charles M. Safford, at North Judson, Indiana, April 21, 1903,
and was buried at his old home, Norwalk, Ohio, upon the 23d day
of the same month. The services were in charge of the Knights
Templar, of which order he was a member.
Lieutenant-Colonel Safford preserved many records of his mili-
tary life. The writer of these lines is indebted to him for much
valuable information. He was of a literary turn, and at a reunion
of the regiment at Norwalk in 1882 read a poem, the concluding
verses of which are here recorded.
By rivers of fraternal blood,
Poured for the nation's weal,
Ye met almost an equal foe,
And worthy of your steel.
The past is past, my brothers,
Old comrades tried and true;
Let the passions of that period fail,
But not its memories too.
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 239
Let's plant our trophies where we will,
Bring the Starry Banner out,
But silent be the voice of hate
And mute the battle shout.
Men i' the olden time have warred
For masterdom and sway,
And 'poured their blood like water out,
To moisten kindred clay.
And sometimes on the blackened leaf
Of Greece or haughty Rome,
Appear the names of demi-gods,
Who died defending home.
But where shall you, on history's page,
A million freemen see,
Who sank, in death's undreaming sleep,
Tha Dthers might be free ?
No herald's blazon decks the breast.
Of those who live to tell,
Nor nation's apotheosis
To honor those who fell.
But long as memory keeps her post
And guard within the brain,
The living shall strike hands, as now,
.\nd tears embalm the slain.
Daniel Fowler De Wolf was born in Sackett's Harbor, New York,
January 9, 1823. His father dying in 1829, he lived on a farm with
his uncle David Fowler, in Madison County, New York, until 1837.
During these years he was kept too busy to attend school. Then
for two years he worked by the month, attending school in the winter.
He taught school during the winters of 1839 and 1840. Ha^^ng
prepared for college at Fayetteville, New York, he taught during the
summers in Ohio, and attended OberHn College. He was in due
time graduated at that institution and afterwards it conferred upon
him the degree of Master of Arts. His leisure hours having been
employed in the study of law under the guidance of Hon. Samuel
T. Worcester, of Norwalk, Ohio, he was admitted to the bar, and in
1857 he became an equal partner in the firm of Noble, DeWolf and
Noble, of Tiffin, Ohio. He helped to raise the Fifty-Fifth Regiment
240 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
and was for a time its first adjutant. When the first officers of the
field and staff were finally appointed, he was commissioned and
mustered as Major November 25, 1861. Having received an injury,
resulting in physical disability, at Cross Keys, Virginia, he resigned
October 2, 1862.
In 1863, he raised and thoroughly drilled the One Hundred and
Sixty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which entered the service under
the command of Colonel Lee.
He was superintendent of the public schools of Toledo, Ohio,
from 1864 to 1876. After this he became Professor of Literature and
Modern Languages at Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio,
and while occupying that important position, received from that
institution the degree of Ph.D. While so connected with that college,
he did much to increase the size of the freshman classes, by addresses
made to the graduates of high schools on the advantages of a full
collegiate course of study.
In 1880 he left the college, having been elected State Commissioner
of Common Schools, which office he held for two terms. When run-
ning for the third term in 1884, he led his ticket by many hundreds,
but was defeated with his party. He then went to live in Georgia in
the hope of saving the hfe of his only son, whose health had given way
under the strain of too close application to work. He lived in Madi-
son, Georgia, until the summer of 1900, when he returned North, but
finding the cHmate too severe, he went back to Georgia, and resided
with his daughter at Marietta, Georgia, until his death, in his eighty-
first year, on August 18, 1903.
He was an ardent supporter of the theory of Dugald Stewart that
the exercise of the contriving, inventive, and creative faculties is one
of the most effective sources of mental growth. He vigorously
advocated the manual training school for city youth; and had the
satisfaction of seeing his own city, Toledo, Ohio, fully equip the first
manual training school that ever formed a substantial part of a purely
public school system.
During his residence in Georgia on his plantation, his leisure
hours were occupied in writing on reUgious and social subjects.
These writings were afterwards gathered into book form under
the title of " Character, not Creeds." He was also the author of
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 241
many poems which have been published considerably by the public
press.
He was for many years closely identified with the Masons in Ohio,
occupying many positions and being advanced to the thirty-second
degree.
Major Jay Kling, Surgeon, was born in Sharon, Schoharie County,
New York, November 14, 1828. He graduated from Albany Medical
College in February, 1850, and during the same year commenced the
practice of medicine and surgery in his native town. He was married
to Miss Maria T. Beekman October 30, 1850. He removed to Ply-
mouth, Ohio, in December, 1858, and continued the practice of his
profession in that place. He passed the examination as Major Sur-
geon at Columbus, Ohio, in September, 1861, and was appointed
Surgeon of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment by Governor Tod, October 3,
1 86 1, and immediately entered upon duty in the organization of the
regiment. He was mustered in as surgeon October 7, 1861. He
was appointed one of the operating surgeons in 1862, and acted in
that capacity until mustered out. In the summer of 1863 he received
the appointment of Brigade Surgeon of the Third Brigade, Third
Division, Eleventh Army Corps, and soon after that received the
appointment of Acting Division Surgeon of the Third Division,
Eleventh Army Corps. The duties of this place he performed until
relieved by the return of the Division Surgeon from sick leave in
October, 1863, at Bridgeport, Alabama, when he was ordered to
report for duty as Brigade Surgeon again.
In December, 1863, after the transfer of Assistant Surgeon H. K.
Spooner to the Sixty-first Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of
which he had been appointed Surgeon, Dr. Kling, at his own request,
was relieved from duty as Brigade Surgeon and returned to duty in
his own regiment. He was mustered out on account of expiration of
term of service at Atlanta, Georgia, October 12, 1864, but remained
on duty at Division Hospital, until October 16, when he left for home.
He was captured by the Confederate cavalry about fifteen miles from
Atlanta, Georgia, and held as a prisoner of war in Libby Prison,
Richmond, Virginia, until January 16, 1865. When liberated, he
returned to his home, and as soon as hi? health and strength per-
242 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
mitled, resumed his practice, but was compelled to relinquish it in
the summer of 1873, on account of returning ill health. Soon after
the death of his wife, which occurred January 7, 1880, he repaired to
the South, spending his winters there. Here, on the nth of November,
1886, he was married to Miss Adell C. Foster, of Madison, Georgia.
Soon after, he removed to Atlanta, Georgia, where he now resides.
Captain John G. W. Cowles was the first Chaplain of the Fifty-
Fifth Regiment, having been appointed December 10, 1861. He
was born in 1836. He resigned from the army August 7, 1862, and
settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where he became one of the most promi-
nent and successful business men in that great and thriving city, and
where he still resides. While in the regiment, he was zealous and
faithful in the performance of his duties; and although a young man
for such a position, he showed the quaUties which insured the large
measure of success that has marked his subsequent career.
Captain Frank W. Martin was born in Pennsylvania in 1829.
He came to Upper Sandusky about the year 1852, and was employed
as resident engineer in the construction of the Pittsburg and Chicago
Railway. Afterwards he engaged in the dry goods business at
Upper Sandusky, and continued in it, until the breaking out of the
War of the Rebellion, when he enlisted in Company C of the Fifteenth
Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was commissioned in that
regiment as First Lieutenant. At the end of his term, which was
three months, he enlisted in Company F of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment,
and was made First Lieutenant and Adjutant December i, i86i.
On the loth of March, 1863, he was promoted to Captain, and as-
signed to Company F, which ofl&ce he resigned June 6, 1863. After
the war, he returned to Pennsylvania and engaged as civil engineer
upon a railroad running through Oil City. While living there, he
was successful in business and amassed considerable property. He
died there not long after. He married Mary Pierson, who died in
1856. Captain Martin was a man of more than ordinary abiUty.
He had had excellent business training, and was a most competent
and efficient regimental adjutant. He was possessed of a keen sense
of humor, was not easily imposed upon, and was a good judge of
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 243
human nature. He was, as such characteristics entitled him to be,
very popular in the regiment, and the news of his untimely death
saddened the hearts of many of his comrades in arms.
Assistant Surgeon Captain Henry K. Spooner was bom in 1837.
He was the first Assistant Surgeon of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment, re-
ceiving his commission as such October 3, 1861. He was promoted
to Surgeon of the Sixty-first Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
November 20, 1863, and after that served with that regiment as its
surgeon until the end of the war. Since the war he has resided in
Republic, where he has successfully pursued the practice of his pro-
fession. He faithfully served his fellow- citizens during one term as
representative in the Ohio Legislature from Seneca County, to which
ofl5ce he was elected in spite of the fact that he was opposed by the
nominee of the dominant party in that county.
First Lieutenant Robert G. Pennington was born in 181 7. He
was the first Quartermaster of the Fifty-fifth Regiment, having been
appointed August 22, 1861. He resigned his office July 23, 1862,
when he retvirned to Tiffin, Ohio, where he resided until his death not
many years since. He was a lawyer by profession.
Colonel Charles B. Gambee was born April 5, 1827, on a farm in
Seneca County, New York. When he was nineteen years of age, he left
the farm and went to Lockport, New York, and entered a dry goods
store as clerk. When he was twenty-three years old he was united
in marriage to Rhoda Ann Peck of Orleans County, New York.
Four years after that he removed to Bellevue, Ohio, and entered a
dry goods store there, as clerk, where he remained a few years. He
then engaged in the same business for himself, and in this he remained
until he entered the army September 12, 186 1. He was the first
captain of Company A of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment, having been
commissioned as such September 30, 1861. He was promoted to
Major October 2, 1862, filling the vacancy occasioned by the resigna-
tion of Major De Wolf. On the 4th of March, 1863, he was appointed
Lieutenant-Colonel, succeeding Lieutenant-Colonel Safford, who
resigned that day. He was commissioned Colonel May 8, 1863,
844 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
succeeding Colonel Lee, thus becoming the second colonel of the
regiment. He was killed atResaca, Georgia, while leading his regi-
ment in the bloody battle at that place. His remains were brought
to Ohio and deposited in the beautiful cemetery at Bellevue, where
on the 2 2d of September, 1904, his survivors of the Fifty-Fifth Regi-
ment, with appropriate ceremonies, erected to his memory an appro-
priate and costly granite monument. Colonel Gambee was a man
of courage, ability, and patriotism. He was respected and beloved by
his regiment, and had the entire confidence of his superiors.
Lieutenant-Colonel James M. Stevens was born in Erie County,
New York, January i, 181 7. His parents came to Melmore, Seneca
County, Ohio, at a very early date, and when he was a small boy.
His father was quite an extensive land-owner in Melmore and its
vicinity. Colonel Stevens, when the Fifty- Fifth Regiment was organ-
ized, was engaged at Melmore in the manufacture and sale of cabinet
ware. He enlisted the men that later formed Company H, and with
them enlisted in the regiment September 16, 186 1. He was com-
missioned Captain of Company H, October 16, 1861, the first to fill
that position. He was promoted to Major March 4, 1863, and to
Lieutenant-Colonel May 8, 1863. He was severely wounded, losing
an arm at the batde of Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, and he resigned
May 25, 1864. Shortly after the end of the war, he was elected
Auditor of Seneca County, and with his family removed to Tiffin,
where he lived until the death of his wife. He then removed to
Garnett, Kansas, where he lived with his daughter, Mrs. J. B. Thorn-
ton, until his death August 25, 1895. His remains are interred in
Rock Creek Cemetery, Seneca County, Ohio. Colonel Stevens was
a religious man, being a staunch Presbyterian. He and his brother
WilHam contributed the land on which the first Presbyterian church
in Melmore was erected. He possessed the homely and old-fashioned
virtues of honesty, sobriety, and industry. He was large-hearted
and intensely patriotic. He had a lively sense of humor, and always
saw the bright and funny side of things — a trait which served in no
small degree to reUeve the tedium of camp life for his comrades.
Captain Alfred Wheeler was born in 1836. He was appointed
Monument Erected to Colonel Gambee
At Bellevue, Ohio, September 21, 1904, by the Regimental Association
OF THE Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteers
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 245
Chaplain of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment September 15, 1862. He re-
signed August 16, 1863, and died in 1892. At the time of his death
he was editor of the Pittsburg Christian Advocate. Chaplain Wheeler
was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he was
recognized as a man of piety and excellent ability. While with the
Fifty-Fifth Regiment, he endeared himself to both officers and men
by his uniform kindness and affability, and his evident solicitude for
the welfare, both temporal and spiritual, of all under his charge.
Major Rudolphus Robbins was of good old New England ances-
try. His mother, Laura Nash, was one of the New England Nash
family, whose ancestor, Thomas Nash, a gunsmith, came from Eng-
land on the good ship Hector (or her companion ship) in 1637, with
the Reverend Davenport's party, who located their colony at Quine-
piac (New Haven), Connecticut. Major Robbins's father was
Nathan P. Robbins, son of Asa, a New Englander of Massachusetts.
Nathan left the Boston Latin School, without consulting his parents
when he was 18 years old, and enlisted in the War of 181 2, in which
he was commissioned Second Lieutenant. Later, when mustered
out, he was made Captain of the Home Company. So one may see
that Major Robbins came honestly by his patriotism. He was born
in Fremont (then Lower Sandusky), Sandusky County, Ohio, where
his parents had located. He moved with his parents later to Attica,
Seneca County, and thence in 1846 to Upper Sandusky, Wyandot
County, Ohio. In the fall of 1854, he was appointed conductor on
the Ohio and Indiana Railroad, and later on the Pittsburg, Fort
Wayne and Chicago Railroad, now belonging to The Pennsylvania
Railroad Company. He was married October 30, 1855, to Miss
Sarah C. Roberts, of Newton, New Jersey. He was a merchant in
Upper Sandusky from that time until his enlistment in the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment, October 8, 1861. He held at first a commission as Second
Lieutenant, but upon the final organization of the regiment, he was
commissioned Captain of Company K, November 21, 1861. He
was promoted to Major May 8, 1863. He was killed at Resaca,
Georgia, May 15, 1864, while gallantly supporting Colonel Gambee
in leading the regiment in that memorable and desperate fight. His
remains are interred in Oak Hill Cemetery, Upper Sandusky.
246 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Robbins Post, G. A. R., Upper Sandusky, is named for him. Major
Robbins was an intelligent, just, and brave officer, and a conscien-
tious and patriotic man. His name is enrolled among those of the
immortals.
Colonel Edwin H. Powers was the first Captain of Company E.
He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel May 25, 1864, and to Colonel
June 6, 1865. Colonel Powers served in this position until the muster-
out of the regiment, July 11, 1865. After the war he lived for a time
in Saginaw, Michigan, where he was elected and served as Prose-
cuting Attorney of the County of Saginaw. He subsequently re-
moved to Denver, Colorado, where for a number of years he practiced
law. He died about the year 1900.
First Lieutenant Benjamin C. Taber was born August 12, 1840.
He enUsted in Company D, and was appointed Quartermaster Ser-
geant September 13, 1861. He was the first person to enhst in the
Fifty-Fifth Regiment. He was promoted to First Lieutenant and
Regimental Quartermaster July 17, 1862; the latter office he held
until his muster-out on expiration of term of service, January i, 1865.
He was detailed as Brigade Quartermaster in the summer of 1863,
and served in this capacity until the Atlanta campaign, during which
he acted as Division Quartermaster. He was a most efficient and
reUable officer, never absenting himself a single day from duty.
Shortly after leaving the service he engaged in mercantile pursuits,
and has ever since been proprietor of one of the largest mercantile
establishments in Norwalk and its vicinity, in which business he has
been eminently successful.
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Preston Wickham was born at Nor-
walk, September 15, 1836. He is the son of Frederick Wickham
and Lucy B. Preston Wickham. Both of his parents were of EngUsh
descent: the father was born in New York, and the mother in New
Hampshire, their ancestors having been among the very early settlers
of New England. Colonel Wickham received his education in the
public schools and the old Norwalk Academy; this was supplemented
by several years' instruction in the printers' art in the office of the
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 247
Norwalk Reflector. In his twentieth year, he entered the law office
of Worcester and Pennewell as a student, where he remained eighteen
months. In 1857 he entered the Cincinnati Law School, where he
graduated in 1858, and was at once admitted to the bar. He com-
menced the practice of the law in Norwalk. From 1867 to 1871 he
was Prosecuting Attorney of Huron County. In 1880, he was elected
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which office he resigned in
October, 1886, to run for the position of Representative in Congress.
He was elected to the Fiftieth and Fifty-ffi^st Congresses. Upon
leaving Congress, he resumed his practice at Norwalk, in which he
has since been engaged. He was married in i860 to Miss Emma J.
Wildman, daughter of Captain F. A. Wildman of Company D.
Colonel Wickham erdisted as a private in Company D of the Fifty-
Fifth Regiment, September 13, 1861. He was commissioned First
Lieutenant October 20, 1861; Captain October 31, 1862; Major
June 27, 1864, and Lieutenant-Colonel June 6, 1865. On the 13th
of March, 1865, he was commissioned by the President Lieutenant-
Colonel of Volunteers by brevet, for "gallant and meritorious ser-
vices in Georgia and the CaroHnas," upon the recommendation
of General WiUiam Cogswell, commanding Third Brigade, Third
Division, Twentieth Army Corps.
Lieutenant John H. Boss enlisted as a private in the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment when twenty-three years of age, on the first day of October,
1 861. He was appointed Sergeant of Company E, December 31,
1 861; First Sergeant January i, 1864; Quartermaster Sergeant April
16, 1864; and promoted to First Lieutenant of Company E, August
19, 1864. He was appointed Regimental Quartermaster January i,
1865, and served as such until the muster-out of the regiment.
Major Hartwell Osborn was born at Norwalk, Ohio, August 17,
1840. He is the son of Hon. John R. Osborn, who was for many
years one of the most able and successful attorneys at the bars of
Huron and Lucas counties. Major Osborn entered Western Reserve
College in the class of '63, and received the degree of A.B. from that
institution in 1890. He enHsted in the Fifty-Fifth Regiment in
October, 1861, and was commissioned Second Lieutenant in Com-
348 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
pany I. He served with the regiment until its muster-out, holding
successively the rank of First Lieutenant, Captain, and Major, his
commission as Major bearing the date June 6, 1865. From 1867 to
1869 he was Deputy Collector of Customs at Toledo, Ohio. From
1870 to 1883 he was engaged in manufacturing at Toledo. Since 1883
he has been Railroad Commercial Agent in the South and at Chicago.
He is married and resides at Evanston, Illinois. Major Osborn was
one of the most intelligent, eflScient, and enthusiastic ofl&cers in the
Fifty-Fifth Regiment, enjoying the respect and confidence of his
companions in arms, without an exception.
Major Joseph Hebble was the second surgeon of the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment, joining the regiment as Assistant Surgeon February 13,
1864. He was promoted to Surgeon November i, 1864, after the
muster-out of Surgeon Jay Khng. Dr. Hebble served with the regi-
ment as its surgeon until its muster-out. He was a faithful and
efficient officer. Since the war he has resided in Clark County, Ohio.
Captain James C. Myers was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the
Fifty-Fifth Regiment January 25, 1865. He remained with the
regiment until its muster-out. After the war Dr. Myers returned to
his former residence in Attica, Seneca County, Ohio, and resumed
the practice of his profession, which he continued until his death.
Dr. Myers was a large-hearted, patriotic man, and an efficient and
learned surgeon and physician. The short time during which he
did duty with the regiment served to endear him to all the officers
and men in it. He died many years ago.
CHAPTER XV
PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS OF SOLDIERS
RECOLLECTIONS OF FIRST SERGEANT MOSES PUGH, COMPANY H
AS I reflect upon the four years spent in the war for the Union, sad
, memories float before my vision; yet there are many fraught
with pleasure. I participated in nineteen battles, and in skirmishes
by the dozen. As I think now of the battle-field of Gettysburg, where
we could have stepped on a dead man every step for eighty rods,
it seems Uke a horrible nightmare instead of a sadreality. I recall
vividly that at the time it seemed to me I was in more imminent
danger than at any time during my sojourn in the Sunny South.
Not far from Atlanta, on Sherman's march to the sea, when we
had marched several days, the corps on the extreme right failed in
the evening to give a signal of its whereabouts, and a caU came to
our regiment from headquarters for volunteers to reach the missing
corps. John Burket and I responded, and we were told not to
return until we could locate the lost corps. After I left my com-
rades on that dark night in an enemy's Une, among those mountains
infested with wild animals, I thought of "Mother, Home, and
Heaven," and of many incidents that had happened in my otherwise
almost uneventful life. After we had traveled about six miles
(during which time I never asked Burket what he was thinking
about), near eleven at night we came to a halt to listen for a moment,
and heard what we pronounced horses' hoofs approaching. This
opinion was verified in a few minutes, when a horse and his rider
came into view. We gave the challenge, " Halt ! dismount and give
the countersign." He was a messenger sent from the lost corps
to discover the location of the main army; we therefore marched
him to General Sherman's headquarters and found all was right.
At the second day's battle of Gettysburg there was the greatest
cannonading the world ever knew. I was stationed near a battery,
and counted one hundred and fifteen holes in the ground that had
been made by cannon-balls. On this field I spied a beautiful, new,
249
250 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
bright musket lying by the side of a dead Rebel, which 1 was not
long in taking in exchange for my own, for mine was somewhat
rusty and old. Upon examination I found it to be a Richmond rifle
of the same cahbre as the Springfield, the one I had been using near
Hagerstown, Maryland. While in close pursuit of Lee's retreating
army, on the eve of July 5, we were ordered to sleep on our arms, and
as it was raining sUghtly I greased my precious gun with a piece of
bacon rind. When I awoke in the morning my first act was to
remove the cap from the tube. Pressing the greasy hammer with
my thumb, I accidentally let it slip, whereupon my first Johnny ball
went through the blouses of three of my comrades and killed my
colonel's horse, which was tied to a stake about twenty rods away.
The boys often laughingly told me my gun would turn traitor, and
at that terrific report I began to believe it. But I must be brief.
Colonel Gambee was incensed at the death of his faithful horse.
He ordered my corporal's stripes to be taken off, and demanded pay
for the horse; but as we had not drawn any pay for six months,
money was scarce; so I gave him my note, payable on first pay-day.
But just before the battle of Resaca, Georgia, May 15, 1864, seeming
to have presentiments of impending danger, he came to me, gave
me the rank of a sergeant, and burned the note in my presence.
The brave, good Colonel was killed in that battle.
I did not bring my trophy home, for at the battle of Bentonville,
North Carolina, it was struck while I was loading it by a piece of
shell, and maimed so severely that I pronounced it unfit for duty
and turned it over to the Southern Confederacy. During the re-
mainder of the time I used the gun of a comrade who was killed by
my side.
Moses Pugh,
Tiro, Ohio.
INCIDENTS IN HOSPITAL, CAMP, AND FIELD
BY StTMNER A. WING, PRrVATE, COMPANY D
Comrades: Many years have elapsed since we stood shoulder
to shoulder upon the tented field. The years have mustered out
many of our comrades of the old Fifty-Fifth. Our friendship and
love have been cemented by many of our annual reunions, which
PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS 251
have warmed our hearts until another year. The years are not far
distant when those happy meetings will be a thing of the past.
Comrades, have you forgotten old Camp McClellan and our
leaving Norwalk for the front ? Oh, what memories come back to
us of those eventful days — our march to the depot, and the many
trying scenes enacted there ! Home and friends we bade adieu, and
with many it was a final one. Who can forget our ride through the
mountains and valleys to Grafton, West Virginia, our first camping
place. Our boys were wild with delight at the reception given them.
Old and young came out of their cabins on the hills, waving all sorts
of things in token of welcome. It was one wild huzza all the after-
noon. Sickness came to our regiment, and some twenty-two died
there. Company D lost their little drummer, a fair-faced boy of
less than sixteen, a mother's darling. He died for his country as
much as if he had fallen in battle.
One year made a great change in our regiment. We had been
sifted, as it were, and those that fell through were soon discharged.
Those that were left were tough, so to speak. The hardships they
could bear are almost beyond behef. The casualties of battle and
disease came to us as the war progressed. Captain Horace Robin-
son, of Company G, I think, was the first captain mortally wounded
in battle. He was a warm personal friend of mine even before the
war. How he did love his home and family ! His continued thought
of them was much against his recovery.
On the morning that our troops left for Chancellorsville I was
detailed to remain at our hospital, where our wounded would be
brought. It would appall a stout heart to see the number that came.
I will only mention three. Major James M. Stevens lost an arm.
He was cheerful amid all his surroundings. John J. Duesler, of
Company A, lost his right arm. C. B. Streeter, of Company D,
received a bad wound. I thought it was good-bye, Charley; but
pluck and a brave heart pulled him through.
Four days after the battle I went to our old camping place and
witnessed our regiment's return. I stood where I could see it for
some time. I shall never forget how our regiment looked as it came
back to take up its old quarters, and so many of om: boys left behind.
I am not ashamed to tell you tViat it was with moist eyelids that I
252 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
gazed upon the sad scene. I thought of the tents and messes that
would miss some light-hearted comrade, the life and joy of the com-
pany. Then the thought came that we were engaged in a terrible
war, and that war meant loss of life and many hardships.
In our regiment were a Klinefelter and a Kline. Now, Barna
Kline had frequent spells of great pain, and only something hot
and fiery would help him. Khnefelter one day took Barna's disease,
and an order came for some of the medicine at once. Somehow I
thought it was for our KUne fellow, and so I went to Barna's tent
and found him having a four-handed game; all was quiet and peaceful
with him. I said, "Barna, I have something for you." I cannot
tell you what he may have thought, but he took it down with a wry
face. Klinefelter was not benefitted, and a rush order soon came,
and both were made happy. Barna and I used to laugh over the
matter, and we thought the joke was on both of us. I remember
Wilham E. Pollock, a stalwart man of Company C, who was mor-
tally wounded at Gettysburg. He was torn by a piece of shell — a
terrible wound. I remember just how he looked, with his pale,
pleading face. Poor fellow, we could do but a Httle for him.
In the fall of 1863 we were sent into the western department at
Chattanooga, Tennessee. Comrades, do you remember Sunday
night, October 25, 1863 ? We made a short night-march from
Bridgeport, Alabama, to near Shell Mound, some eight miles. It
was a beautiful night. Never before had I seen fair Luna shine
with so much brilliancy and beauty. It was almost as hght as day;
the fields and troops were revealed to us clearly; some of our boys
said they could read a letter or print easily. We encamped close by
Nicajack cave. Our adventures in the cave were something to be
remembered. The rooms and arches, with the stalactites that were
revealed to us by the light of our candles and torches, were beautiful.
Captain Fred Boalt and, I think, Gilbert Gordon, of Company E,
got an old boat and went far up the dark stream. Our band went
into the cave and I doubt if those old vaulted chambers had ever
heard such fine music; the effect was grand beyond description.
The last days of November were thrilling days for us. The
taking of Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain will long live in
song and story. I remember brave, noble Ed Bromley, of Com-
PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS 253
pany G, as he was borne back to the rear, shot through the breast.
His face revealed nothing of the fearful struggle he had passed
through, but was calm and peaceful as though asleep. Another,
whose name I cannot recall, came back shot through the jaw. He
took it as a huge joke, for he said to Surgeon Spooner, with all the
laugh he could give, "I can learn to talk Dutch, now that my jaw
is broken."
Resaca brought sorrow to our regiment. Colonel Gambee and
Major Robbins were killed, also Captain Albert E. Peck and brother,
of Company E. What a fine officer Captain Peck made ! Sergeant
Henry W. Crosby, Company E, was mortally wounded. Abner
Twaddle, of Company D, was shot through the left breast. No
position gave him any relief, and he died while I held him at the
back. Few took army life easier than Abner. I don't know that
I ever saw him angry. He was slow but sure; he was always in
his place when needed. We cared for 613 wounded in our divi-
sion hospital. I want to mention Sergeant George Collingwood,
Sergeant Evelyn E. Husted and his brother Henry, and James L.
Seeley, of Company D. What grand boys they were, and how
we revere their memory! Brave Captain Charles M. Stone, of
Company G, fell at Averasborough, North Carolina. One wound
did not daunt him. He stood by his boys until the fatal shot
struck him.
I must not forget the part that our noble women of the North took
in our great struggle. I have seen the fruits of their labor in hos-
pital, and on many a field after a battle, when our boys had been
torn by shot and shell. What would we have done without the
clothing, jeUies, canned fruits, and other gifts of love and tenderness
from the fair ladies of the North ? I wish I could weave you a tribute
that would portray their love and devotion for our soldier boys.
As I cannot, pardon me if I quote a few words from that gifted writer
of the war, B. F. Taylor:
"How many noble women have threaded, like rays of sunshine, the heavy
cloud of war, women of the nineteenth century, fit to be named with Rachel,
Ruth, and Florence Nightingale ! No better epitaph could be traced upon their
tombstone than this: 'Each soldier's sister and each soldier's friend.' As with
the angel of the Crimea, so with them: the soldiers kissed the shadow that fell
254 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
upon the pillows as they passed by. When these scenes amid which we wait
and labor pass into the grand eternity of the historic page, the heart of the
world will warm to the women of the North; soldierly daring and womanly
deeds will be blended forever."
I have kind words for our surgeons and for Will Childs, our
hospital steward. Associated as I was with them so long, I learned
to love them for their many virtues and their kindness to me.
A. P. Smith, of Company A, Will Sabins, of Company B, were
fine nurses, kind and pleasant to all.
On the i6th of June, 1864, on our Atlanta campaign, among the
wounded was one borne to the hospital on a stretcher. He belonged
to the One Hundred and Fifth Illinois. He was shot through the
body. I looked at his wound, and called the surgeon's attention
to him at once. On examination he shook his head, and I knew
that he was slowly bleeding to death. I could not bear to see him
die without knowing something of his far-away friends. With a
low, pleasant voice he told me of his home, of the wife that would
mourn for him. I took her name and address and promised to
write her. After his death I found a new silk handkerchief. It
was saturated with his blood, but on washing it, all the blood came
out. At Atlanta I sent it to his wife in a letter, telling her all I could
of one whom she would never welcome at the old home, for he had
given his hfe for his country. At Savannah, Georgia, I received a
letter from her thanking me kindly for what I had done for her.
In our hospital at Savannah, Georgia, one of our sick boys had
a longing for milk, an article with which we were scantily supphed.
Ever mindful of their wants, I sallied forth, much as a tramp would
have done. I soon found a house that looked inviting, and on
knocking at the door, a young person made her appearance. She
looked Uke a lady. Over three years of army hfe had not brushed
away the pohteness of many of our boys. I told her pleasantly of
my errand, the wants of one of our sick boys. She did not seem
to be in a hurry, but began to tell me about our troops occupying
their city, and the bitter feeling they had for us Yankees. She told
me how they had intended to treat us when we came. I cannot tell
just what changed her mind, but she said, "After all I have told you,
I am standing here talking with you." The mother was not at home,
PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS 255
but she soon came. The daughter explained the cause of my visit,
and what she had said to me. The feeUng the daughter had ex-
pressed seemed to have fled from both of them, for they kindly
invited me into their home. When I went away I carried what
the boy longed for, and I trust the mother and daughter had kinder
feelings toward our soldier boys.
A large share of my army service was caring for our sick and
wounded. I should not have been so well satisfied with my work
had it never brought me into the storm of battle and danger. Those
dark days will never be forgotten. They were the saddest, and
the brightest, days of my life. Saddest, that so much hardship and
suffering were shown me; brightest, for the ministrations of love,
for the care and attention I could give our noble boys. It was not
deeds of bravery that I witnessed, but patient suflfering under many
discouraging circumstances. I am proud of my hospital work.
What a field it was for a willing worker! It was not a thankless
work. The many expressions of gratitude that were so kindly
given me have been cherished through all the years that have since
come to me. To my living comrades I have a warm heart. To
the dead, a loving memory of their virtue and worth.
Your Loving Comrade.
REMINISCENCES OF BAXTER TREVOR, COMPANY D
At the age of i8, and almost before the guns of Sumter were
silenced, an Englishman, I reached the country of my adoption,
America. "Hello Johnnie, you came to help fight the rebels, did
you ?" and like remarks greeted my ears. I thought them very bold,
for I had been raised reservedly, and the change was very noticeable.
My money was gone, and I went to work on a farm for a fellow-coun-
tryman near Monroeville, who, at that time, was called an "old cop-
perhead," and who felt it his duty to convert me to his poUtical views
by constantly condemning the black RepubUcans. I cared nothing
for this talk, but it caused me to think, and I went to James Rad-
cUff, a Republican neighbor, who explained to me the causes which
led up to the Rebellion.
I joined, at Monroeville, a company raised upon the call of Gov-
256 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
ernor Tod for the protection of Cincinnati, called the Squirrel
Hunters, and served eleven days. I was solicited to enlist in the 3rd
Ohio cavalry, and in the loist Ohio infantry, but my time had not
come. Later I joined a company for the protection of Put-in-Bay
Island, whose captain was young John Brown, of Harper's Ferry
fame.
When Lincoln's call for 75,000 troops, to close the RebeUion, was
made, I was so impressed by the masterful efforts of James A. Gar-
field, and convinced of my country's need, that I enhsted in the Fifty-
Fifth Ohio, at Sandusky, Ohio, on October 7, 1864. My first night
as a soldier was spent on Johnson's Island without food and with
the floor for a bed, in the clothes I wore. From there we went to
Chattanooga and camped on the hills. When morning came my
chum woke me by throwing water from his rubber blanket down
my neck as notice that it had rained during the night. From the
river bank came the melodious voice of Ed Dunlap singing, "Away
down there on yonder plain, some time ago a horse was slain — sing,
brethren, sing" — and in five minutes the whole camp was joining in
the chorus. Then came the duty of getting driftwood for the break-
fast fire, and then a tramp through mud (and such mud !), to our box-
cars for the journey to Atlanta, where I was assigned to Company D,
and met with a very different reception from the one at Johnson's
Island. The boys shared their rations, and said: "We haven't
much to eat, but we'll divide the last cracker." Here drilUng and
picket duty filled the time till November 15, when we began that
memorable "march to the sea," the first part of which I felt was
rather hard. I was so tired, and ached so after a rest of a few min-
utes, that I could hardly move or place to my lips the hot coffee that
my kind messmates, Auble and Osborn, handed me, until I had
stretched my arms and Hmbered up my legs.
There were few incidents in my brief army Hfe — but it was glory
enough to participate in those memorable marches, through mud, hft-
ing wagons, and building corduroy roads, of which hundreds of miles
were laid. My only complaint against Uncle Sam was rebuked by
Alonzo B. Keeler, who said, "Trevor, did you ever acquaint Uncle
Sam with his ill treatment of you ? If you have, I think he will fix
it all right." I never complained again.
PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS 257
At Savannah we guarded some large Parrott guns, near the river.
The enemy were active, but got away, as usual, and gave us the slip.
At Averasborough, N. C, on March 16, Mat. Donnelly, Potts,
and myself were detailed to skirmish and feel the enemy. Both of
my companions were wounded, and I was the only one of the detail
to return. Captain Wickham for a long time blamed himself for
the loss of my arm, but that was lost three days later at Bentonville,
N. C. Just before entering that fight I had filled my canteen with
water from a spring, and as the fever from loss of blood came on, I
found it the best water I ever drank. Now, for the first time in my
life, I was brought face to face with one of the misfortunes of war,
and with the problem before me of getting a living with only one arm.
I was taken in an ambulance thirty miles over a corduroy road to
Goldsborough, N. C, and from there on a flat-car to Newbern, N. C,
where we were placed on the hospital steamer, "Northern Light,"
and carried to the United States general hospital on David's Island,
New York Harbor. There, on the nth day of June, 1865, I was
discharged.
It is said that Americans put down the Rebellion, and I think this
is true, for no one could act or feel as I did when I entered the army
without being a true, patriotic American citizen, who would willingly,
if need be, lose his hfe for the best country on earth, and for the most
beautiful flag afloat.
Baxter Trevor,
Co. D., 55th O. V. Inf.
COURAGEOUS EXPLOIT OF BENJAMIN PEASE, COMPANY E
On July 3, 1863, at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., rebel sharp-
shooters, from the houses and barns in the outskirts of the village,
caused great annoyance and loss of Hfe to the Union troops by pick-
ing off the men as they moved about in the rear of the firing line.
General Howard called for volunteers to drive the sharpshooters out
from their hiding-places, and to capture them if possible. Five
members of the Fifty-Fifth responded. Upon a given signal this
force was directed to charge and drive away or capture the enemy.
The signal was given, but for some reason the line failed to respond,
except one man, Benjamin Pease, of Company E; he, supposing the
2S8 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
rest were with him, charged up to a brick barn, from which the fire
had been especially annoying, and pounding on the closed doors
with the butt of his musket, called loudly on the inmates to surrender.
One by one the rebel soldiers on the inside dropped their guns and
crept forth, till five had given themselves up. They were chagrined
to find their captor had no support; but it was too late, and they sul-
lenly preceded him to the Union lines, which cheered the valiant
soldier again and again.
RECORDS AND STATISTICS
how bright are the honors which await those who, with sacred
fortitude and patriotic patience, have endured all things that tetey
might save their native land from division and from the power of
corruption! The honored dead! They that die for a good cause
ARE redeemed FROM DEATH. THEIR NAMES ARE GATHERED AND GARNERED.
Their memory is precious. Oh, tell me not that they are dead I That
GENEROUS HOST, THAT AIRY ARMY OF INVISIBLE HEROES, THEY HOVER AS A
CLOUD OF WITNESSES ABOVE THIS NATION. ArE THEY DEAD THAT YET SPEAK
LOUDER THAN WE CAN SPEAK AND A MORE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE ? ArE THEY
DEAD THAT YET ACT? ArE THEY DEAD THAT YET MOVE UPON SOCIETY AND
inspire the people with nobler motives and more heroic patriotism ?
Till the mountains are worn out and the rivers forget to flow, till
the clouds are weary of replenishing springs and the springs for-
get to gush, and the rills to sing, shall their names be kept fresh
with reverent honors which are inscribed upon the book of national
remembrance.
HENRY WARD BEECHER.
ROLL OF HONOR.
LIST OF OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS KILLED OR MORTALLY
WOUNDED
Co.
Rank
Col.
Maj.
A
Sergt.
A
Corp.
A
Corp.
A
Corp.
A
Corp.
A
Mus.
A
Priv.
A
Priv.
A
Priv.
A
Priv.
A
Priv.
A
Priv.
A
Priv.
A
Priv.
B
Capt.
B
Corp.
B
Corp.
B
Priv.
B
Priv.
B
Priv,
B
Priv.
B
Priv,
B
Priv.
B
Priv.
B
Priv.
B
Priv.
Chas. B. Gambee
Rudolplius Robbins
Duesler, Miles
Franklin, Arthur
Fulkerson, Benj. F.
Williams, Russell S.
Barber, Nelson
Herring, Daniel
Chinrock, John
Ford, Ozias
Henney, Samuel
Haler, Chas.
Mohr, Mandes
Norris, John H.
Riley, Silas P.
Sowards, James
Sauter, Franklin J.
Beck, Felix H.
Ostien, John
Broka, William
Durfee, Homer A.
Fell, Nicholas
Harris, Benjamin
Hyler, Frank H.
Headley, James A.
Leather, Ezra
Martin, John
Stock, Christian
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
Bentonville,
N. C.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
Franklin,
W. Va.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
Gettysburg,
Pa.
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
Resaca, Ga.
Bull Run f2d)
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
Buzzard
Roost, Ga.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
all Run (2d)
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
ullRun(2d)
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors-
ville, Va,
Averasbor-
ough,N. C.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
261
May 15, '64
May I;, '64
May 2, "63
May 2, '63
Mar. 31, '6;
Mar. ig, '65
May 2, '63
May 27, '62
May 2, "63
July 2, '63
May 15, '64
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
May 15, '64
Aug. 30, '62
June 14, '64
May 2, '63
May 8, '64
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
Aug. 30, '62
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
Mar. 16, '64
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
Killed.
Killed.
Died of wounds, June 3,
1863.
Killed.
Lost on steamer "Gen.
Lyon" off coast of N. C.
Killed.
Died of wounds May 20.
Died in prison, Lynch-
burg, Va.. July 25, 1862.
Died of wounds, Washing-
ton, D.C., July 31, 1863.
Killed.
Died of wounds at Louis-
ville, Ky., June 7, 1864.
Killed.
Died of wounds at Wash-
ington, D. C, July 14,
1863.
Died of wounds, May 27,
1864.
Killed
Died of wounds, July 7,
1864,
Killed,
Killed.
Killed.
Died of wounds, Brooke
Station, June 2, 1863.
Died of wounds, Washing-
ton, D.CSept. II, 1862,
Killed.
Killed.
Died of wounds, Nash
ville, Sept. i, 1864.
Died of wounds at Annap
olis, May 28, 1863.
Died of wounds, April 25
1864.
Killed.
Died of wounds, Philadel
phia, Pa., July 18, 1863,
262
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Name
Co.
Rank
Place
Date
Remarks
Shesley, David
B
Priv.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30 ,'62
Killed.
Tyler, Providence
B
Priv.
Louisville,
Ky.
Bull Run (2d)
Va.
July 6, '65
Killed (accidental gun
shot wound).
Wolfret, John
B
Priv.
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Barnett, Albert G.
C
Corp.
Peach Tree
Creek, Ga.
July 20, '64
Killed.
Barton, Frank P.
C
Corp.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Died of wounds. May 22,
Killed.
Crawford, William H.
C
Corp.
Rcsaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Bellamy, William
C
Corp.
Bull Run (2d)
Bentonville.
N.C.
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Seaman, William B.
C
Corp.
Mar. 19, '65
Killed.
Bemis. Benjamin t.
C
Priv.
MissionRidge
Nov. 25, '63
Killed.
Hess Henry H.
c
Priv.
McDowell, Va
May 8, '62
Died inprison,July29, 1862.
Hull, Sylvester
c
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Lenox, George
C
Priv.
Madison, Ga.
Nov. 19, '64
Diedinprison, |an. 29,1865.
Myer, John R.
c
Priv.
Gettysburg,
Pa.
July 3. '63
Killed.
McGuckin, Samuel
c
Priv.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30, 'b2
Killed.
Mitchell, Jacob
c
Priv.
Gettysburg,
July 3, '&3
Killed.
Pollock, Wm. E.
c
Priv.
Gettysburg,
Pa.
July 3-'&3
Killed.
Sisty, Wm. L.
c
Priv.
Bentonville,
N.C.
Mar. 19, '65
Died of wounds at New
York, May 28, 1865.
Van Gorder, Robert
c
Priv.
Kenesaw
Mountain
June 21, '64
Killed.
Welch, Jerome
c
Priv.
Kenesaw
Mountain
June 21, '64
Died of wounds at Nash-
ville, July 10, 1864.
Died of wounds, April 16,
1865.
Young, John M.
c
Priv.
Bentonville,
N.C.
Mar. 19, '65
Collingwood, George
D
Sergt.
Kenesaw
Mountain
June 22, '64
Killed.
Husted. Evelyn E.
D
Sergt.
.Averasbor-
ough, N.C.
Mar. 16, '6S
Died of wounds at Golds-
borough, April 10, 1865.
Fetterman, Jacob
D
Corp.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Emrick, Peter
D
Priv.
Near Davis-
borough, Ga
Nov. 26, -64
Captured and missing.
Francis, David
D
Priv.
Bentonville,
N.C.
Mar. 19, '65
Died of wounds. Mar. 22,
1865.
Hannerott, John
D
Priv.
Siege of At-
lanta
Aug. 12, '64
Killed.
Husted, Henry W.
D
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Kennedy, Alexander
D
Priv.
Kenesaw
Mountain
June 22, '64
Killed.
Keeler, Clarence L.
D
Priv.
Moorefield,
W.Va.
June 7, '62
Accidental pistol shot.
Lynch, Owen
D
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Sibold, Adolph
D
Priv.
Buzzard
Roost, Ga.
May 8, '64
Killed.
Seeley, James L.
D
Priv.
Siege of At-
lanta.
Aug., '64.
Died of wounds, Nash-
ville, Sept. 8, 1864.
Twaddle, Abner D.
D
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, "64
Died of wounds at Wash-
Volck, Edward
D
Priv.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30. '62
ington, D.C., Sept. 25,
Wilson, Thomas
D
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
1862.
Killed.
Cowpe.John
E
ist Serg
Peach Tree
Creek
Resaca, Ga.
July 20, '64
Killed.
Crosby. Henry W.
E
Sergt.
May 15, '64
Died of wounds, May 22,
1864.
Peck, Chauncey T.
E
Corp.
Resaca. Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Sharp, Edward
E
Corp.
Near Mem-
phis
April 27, '65
Explosion of Steamer
"Sultana" on Missis-
sippi.
ROLL OF HONOR
263
Name
Co
Rank
Place
Date
Remarks
Brumby, Thomas
E
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Died of wounds, Aug. 23,
1863.
Died of wounds, March 21,
1865.
Wounded, and left on
field.
Gates, David
E
Priv.
Bentonville,
N. C.
Mar. iQ, '65
Leiser, Daniel
E
Priv.
Averasbor-
ough, N. C.
Moorelield,
W. Va.
Mar. 14, '65
Minus, George W.
E
Priv.
April 14, '62
Drowned while scouting.
Opher, Henry
E
Priv.
Gettysburg,
July 3, '63
Killed.
Shaner, Adam J.
F
ist Serg
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Craun, William D.
F
Sergt.
Averasbor-
ough, N. C.
Mar. i6, '65
Killed.
Rumbaugh, James
F
Corp.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Reynolds, David C.
F
Corp.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Rumbaugh, William J.
F
Corp.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Bridenstine, Joshua F.
F
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Boyd, Geo. W.
F
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 3, '63
Killed.
Edwards, William F.
F
Priv.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Kime, James M.
F
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Klinefelter, Joseph
F
Priv.
Gettysburg,
Pa.
July 3, '63
Killed.
Nye, Benjamin F.
F
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Sprout, Michael
F
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Died of wounds at Brooke
Station, May 24, 1863.
Robinson, Horace
G
Capt.
Chancellors-
ville, Va-
May 2, '63
Killed.
Stone, Charles M.
G
Capt.
Averas' or-
ough, N. C.
MissionRidge
Mar. 16, '65
Killed.
Bromley, Edward
G
2dLieut
Nov, 24, '63
Killed,
Hopkins, Remain C.
G
Sergt.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Neiman, Herman F.
G
Corp.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Burmingham, Patrick
G
Priv.
Peach Tree
Creek.
July 20, '64
Killed.
Burr, Ira
G
Priv.
Gettysburg,
July 2, '63
Killed.
Crater, Abraham
G
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Died of wounds. May 31,
1864.
Dwire, William J.
G
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Died of wounds. May 31,
1864.
Died of wounds, Nov. ig,
1863.
Killed,
Farr, Haskell
G
Priv.
Gettysburg,
Pa.
July 2, '63
Fisher, William H.
G
Priv.
MissionRidge
Nov. 23, '63
Otto, Peter
G
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Died of wounds. May 2g,
1863,
Killed,
Longstreet, Thomas A.
G
Priv.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30, '62
Park, David W.
G
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville. Va.
May 2, '63
Died of wounds. May 4,
1863.
Killed.
Killed.
Smith, Giles F.
Thompson, Wm. H.
G
G
Priv.
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
Troxel. Henry
G
Priv.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Albert E. Peck
H
Capt.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Mesnard, Eri
H
Sergt.
Kenesaw
Mountain
June 22, '64
Killed.
Conger, John B.
H
Corp.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 31, '62
Killed.
Perkey, Lewis
H
Corp.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15. '64
Killed.
Spurrier, Dennis
H
Corp.
Siege of At-
lanta
Aug. 17, '64
Died of wounds, Chatta-
nooga, Sept. 3, 1864.
264
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Name
Co
Rank
Place
Date
Remarks
Case, Joseph E.
H
Priv.
Bull Run (2d
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Case, Augustus B.
H
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Crum, Frederick A.
H
Priv.
Kenesaw
Mountain
June 26, '64
Killed.
Ditto, Adam
H
Priv.
Near Fayette
ville, N.C.
Mar. 12, '65
Killed.
Dildine, John H. W.
H
Priv.
Bentonville,
N.C,
Mar. 19, '65
Died of
1865.
Killed.
wounds. May 22,
Falkner, Abraham D.
H
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, V'a.
May 2, '63
Green, Ebenezer B.
H
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Died of
1864.
Killed.
wounds, July 27,
Hinchey. Edward
H
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Kuhlman, Samuel
H
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Livensparger, Philip
H
Priv.
Chancellors-
villa, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Runner, George W.
H
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Steward, George W.
H
Priv.
Gettysburg,
July 4, '63
Died of
1863.
wounds, July 14,
Starkey, William
H
Priv.
Gettysburg,
July 3- '63
Killed.
Seawalt, John A.
Tailman, William H.
H
H
Priv.
Priv.
Turner's
Ferry, Ga.
Bull Run {2d)
Aug. 27, '64
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Killed.
York, John B.
»
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Killed.
Sykes, Andrew J.
1
ist Serg
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Catlin, Mason
Sergt.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
May 2, '63
Died of
1863.
wounds. May 3,
DePuy, Isaac
Sergt.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Beard, Randolph M.
Priv
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Beck, Jacob F.
Priv.
Gettysburg,
Pa.
July 3. '63
Killed
Freeh, John
Priv.
Bentonville,
N.C.
Mar. ig, '65
Killed.
Hunt, Edward M.
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Johnson, Hiram M.
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Killed.
Pratt, George W.
Priv.
Resaca, Ga.
May 15, '64
Died of
1864.
Died of
1864.
wounds. July 2,
Robinson, Joseph S.
Priv.
Kenesaw
Mountain
June 19, '64
wounds, June 26,
Robinson, Jerome
Priv.
Chancellors-
ville, Va.
Bull Run (2d)
May 2, '63
Killed.
Rawson, Oscar
Priv.
Aug. 30, '62
Died of
1862.
Killed.
wounds, Sept. 4.
Stille, Ernest
Priv.
Averasbor-
ough, N. C.
Mar. 16, '65
Welsh, Benjamin
K
ist Serg
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Weise, Christian
K
Sergt.
Chancellors-
ville, Va
May 2, '63
Killed.
Gilliland, David
K
Corp.
Bull Run (2d)
Aug. 30, '62
Killed.
Price, George B.
K
Corp.
Siege of At-
lanta.
July, '64
Died of
1864.
wounds, Aug. 31,
Berry, James
Henry, James
K
K
Priv.
Priv.
Franklin,
W. Va.
Bull Run (2d)
May 27, '62
Aug. 30. '62
Died of wounds at Lynch-
burg, Va.
Killed.
Hoover, Joseph
K
Priv.
New Hope
Church, Ga.
June 27, '64
Died of wounds, June 29,
i«64.
Ketterman, Levi
K
Priv.
Bull Run (2d>
Aug. 30, '62
Died of
1862.
Killed.
wounds, Sept. 27,
Leith, Francis M.
K
Priv.
Magnolia Sta-
tion, N. C.
Resaca, Ga.
April 12, '65
McFarland, Edward E.
K
Priv.
May 15. -64
Died of wounds. May 17,
1864.
Killed by shell from Look-
out Mountain.
Marquot, Peter
K
Priv.
Lookout Val-
ley, Ga.
Nov. 9, '63
Sohn, John
K
Priv. BullRun(2d)lAug.3o, '62 1
Killed.
LIST OF KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED
BY BATTLES AND BY COMPANIES
BATTLES
Field
and
Staff
COMPANIES
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
1
K
Total
I
5
I
5
6
5
2
....
3
2
3
7
3
2
3
2
2
I
Chancellorsville, Va
Gettysburg Va
34
I
3
2
I
2
I
Resaca Ga
4
2
4
4
2
b
1
29
Peach Tree Creek Ga
I
2
Madison Ga
■
I
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
Bentonville, N. C
■
I
—
I
15
17
-^
14
12
17
21
13
12
Total
2
146
265
ORIGINAL MUSTER AND ADDITIONS DURING SERVICE
DECEMBER 7, 1861, TO JULY 11, 1865
ORIGIN.AL
ADDITIONS
•a
ii
T3
0
C
a
1
1
■s
Q
1
3
s
3
7
9
130
129
145
144
\'4
124
137
■1
4
t
98
It
2
5
?g
18
23
12
30
11
14
36
Company Officers and Enrolled Men
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
10
5
4
10
8
12
21
22
20
13
3
7
20
Company D
Company E
Company G
Company H
Band.. ■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.'.■.■.
38
029
242
57
118
1,384
967
417
LOSS WHILE IN SERVICE
»By order of War Department.
DEAD
DISCHARGED
TOTAL
CASUALTIES
COMPANY
5
0
0
XI
5
'c
'I'i
1
c
c
Ii
■0
•I
3 rt
1-0
a S
1
1
I
6
Field and Staff
2
14
15
17
14
9
12
17
21
13
12
11
3
3
6
4
2
3
2
2
2
6
50
51
44
59
53
53
19
130
129
145
144
Hi
124
137
'^
26
3
19
14
11
21
16
21
34
14
17
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
1
K
Band
'I
15
II
9
10
13
4
31
30
32
31
26
28
31
31
12
13
9
7
7
10
8
8.
7
9
12
5
15
't
21
II
15
13
II
*a6
15
24
146
10 1
321
90
151
38
537
1,384
200
78
366
''One equal temper oj heroic hearts"
ROLL OF VETERANS.
List of members of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry who
re-enlisted as Veteran Volunteers, at Lookout Valley, Tennessee, in
1864.
NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF
January i, 1864: William E. Childs.
COMPANY A
January i, 1864: William E. Miller, Ross C. Tremain, Thomas
Beckley, Henry R. Carver, Stephen Beckley, David McCormick,
Martin J. Ford, George B. Goodell, Charles Haler, Henry Henney,
John Gleason, Henry J. Hayv^ard, Elias Smith, Alonzo Corser, John
Peightal, Lyman T. Ford, William Sowards, Asahel P. Smith,
Russell S. WilUams, George O. Winters, James Sowards, Jonas
Shumaker, Moses W. Wilt, Thomas A. Kunkel, Benjamin Zim-
merman, WilUam Stegman, Samuel Henney, George W. Orwig,
Charles H. Welch, James Slinker, Benjamin F. Fulkerson, Uriah M.
Eckhart, Philip Beckley. February 23, 1864: William H. Hassinger.
COMPANY B
January i, 1864: Orrin Stearns, David Baird, William Sabins,
CeUus W. Worman, William Werner, Charles Beckwith, Felix H.
Beck, John Barrie, Abraham Burket, Adam L. Cramer, James F.
Cook, Adam Cramer, Samuel Disinger, Leonard Doke, John Fink,
John G. Green, Alonzo L. Heminger, Frank H. Heyler, Rufus R.
Harris, John A. Jones, Charles F. Munger, Martin Nighswander,
Andrew Nighswander, Robert Nighswander, Henry J. Pelton, John
W. Rumple, John F. Swaney, Solomon Sheller, William H. Baird.
February 25, 1864: Socratus Brooks.
267
268 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
COMPANY C
January i, 1864: Jonathan Welch, Andrew W. Clawson, Albert
Miles, William A. Crawford, Charles C. Lowe, Henry J. Fay, William
B. Seaman, James Hartney, Henry Sheminaur, James H. Stage,
Robert Young, Alonzo Keeler, Robert A. Baldwin, Xavier Burgmeyer,
Hiram Gregory, Silas Brown, Anthony A. Simmons, John Taylor,
Lewis Roberts, Frank P. Bartow, Azenia A. Nichols, John C. Purdy,
Henry Hess, Francis M, Nichols, Robert Blake, Enoch M. Bell,
Benjamin Tanner, David A. Warren, Henry B. Warren.
COMPANY D
January i, 1864: Evelyn E. Husted, Loren C. Hill, Charles L.
Hurlbut, Charles H. Horton, Michael Hartnick, Alonzo B. Keeler,
Gustave Knapp, John Keller, Peter Ludwig, Luther B. Mesnard,
Jairus H. Rowland, John Stoutenour, WiUiam K. Starr, Adolph
Sibold, Anthony Steinley, Abner D. Twaddle, Thomas C. Taylor,
Sumner A. Wing, Theodore M. Wood, Joseph Zimmerman, Jacob
Brown, Robert E. Bailey, Finley Benson, George H. Bailey, Alvin
B. Chase, George Collingwood, Charles Florence, Jacob Goble, John
Hannerott, Samuel Ashbolt.
COMPANY E
January i, 1864: George H. Motley, Benjamin Proute, James
H. LowTy, Anson Pease, Myron B. Runyan, Henry Hefifron, Ambrose
Rice, Henry Baxtine, John Cowpe, John W. Saltman, John Winkle-
pleck, John Bellman, Alpheus J. Peck, John H. Boss, Jr., Robert
R. Scott, Allen E. Winters, John Coppin, SterHng H. Post, Benjamin
Pease, Melville Jameson, John Bowers, Edward Sharp, Frank Wyatt,
Ira S. Jump, Edwin T. Hood, William Callin, Benjamin C. Robinson,
David Gates, William Jones, Jedediah D. Smith, Henry W. Crosby.
COMPANY F
January i, 1864: William E. Luman, John B. Gatchell, Taylor
Filson, John Lambright, John Mirar, Henry Hapwood, James A.
Kittle, William Rook, Jeremiah Pisel, Hugh M. Vanwagoner, Ben-
jamin F. Meyers, John R. Meyers, WilUam Harley, Anson Brewer,
ROLL OF VETERANS 269
Francis M. Edwards, Joseph N. Lane, David Warner, William D.
Craun, Adam J. Shaner, Joseph Schindoff, John Byers, Moses Brown,
Uriah Sour.
COMPANY G
January i, 1864: Albert Bloomer, James Lanning, George W.
Wert, George A. Blackwell, James T. Boyd, Isaac Bowerman, James
McGrady, Darius C. Harris, Willard J. Davis, William H. Karschner,
Robert R. Gardner, Charles F. Ricketson, Murray Bromley, Patrick
Burmingham, Hobart B. Olds, Asa F. Osborn, Burton H. Parsons,
Romain C. Hopkins, Phihp Cann, Otho H. Hull, CHnton Paines,
William H. Robison, Samuel Sherman, Elisha P. Wilkinson, Joseph
Fisher, Charles W. Shetterley, William J. McFarland, Amos Metzgar,
Jason H. Osborn, Abraham Crater, James H. Gallup, William H.
Rodgers, Return B. Forster, Charles A. Lapham. February 24,
1864: Joseph E. Osborn.
COMPANY H
January i, 1864: James P. Boston, Enoch B. Watson, Charles
L. Wilson, Michael Shiffler, Thomas B. Fox, Horace R. Starks,
Samuel Stom, Jonathan Shell, Dennis Spurrier, Corwin K. Sites,
Moses Pugh, Lewis Perky, Lewis Peck, Lewis Mesnard, Edwin S.
Morse, Joseph McConahy, Eri Mesnard, Jacob Myer, William W.
Lawton, John L. King, Clark M. KHne, Ebenezer B. Green, Addison
Golden, Jacob Fronce, Benjamin Dunlap, Adam Ditto, Robert G.
Dutcher, John H. W. Dildine, Augustus B. Case, Horace M. Cham-
berlain, Frederick A. Crum, George W. Button, Sidney C. Brown,
Charles H. Boroff, John Burket. January 16, 1864: Thomas S.
Hosier. March id, 1864: Isaac Reid.
COMPANY I
January i, 1864: Joseph McConnell, Charles Clark, Joseph S.
Robinson, Burdett Goodell, Edmund Franklin, George F. May, John
Fewson, John Shea, Randolph M. Beard, Joseph Benson, Charles
A. Carr, Oliver B. Johnson, Harvey A. Coss, Warren V. Frankhn,
Minor L. Day, William H. Barber, Andrew J. Sykes, Robert Fewson,
Jerome Franklin, Jonathan L. Shamp, Emory Owen, Hiram M.
270 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Johnson, Isaac Depuy, Alonzo D. Barber, Henry E. Boroughf.
January 3, 1864: John Reimal. February 24, 1864: Joseph Zuber.
COMPANY K
January i, 1864: George B. Price, Isaac Dippery, Nelson H.
Counterman, Calvin Dodge, Henry J. Compton, Samuel P. Doebler,
Henry Farenbaugh, WilUam H. Cole, Henry W. Miller, Reuben
Dodge, Aaron McCoy, George Rineberger, Frederick Rieser, An-
thony Vogel, William Winch, Henry Carr, Francis M. Leith, David
Malay, Hugh Guthrie, John Halbedal, Joseph Hoover, Levi Adams,
John Bowsher, Frederick Althauser, John Quackenbush, John
Rinkard, Charles Tucker, Henry Little, Conrad Miller, William
Farenbaugh, George W. Hawk, William Goodin, George H. Clark,
Jesse W. Branderburgh, Charles McClary, Samuel Cox, Ellas Morris,
Philetus C. Lathrop, Charles D. Allison. February 10, 1864:
Alvarado Quackenbush. February ii, 1864: William H. Edging-
ton.
CHAS. P. WICKHAM, C. B. GAMBEE,
Captain 55th Regt. O. V. I., Col. ssth Regt. O. V. I.
Special Mustering OflScer.
ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH
OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY
1862
The West Virginia Campaign
January 25; Traveled from Camp McClellan en route to Grafton, W. Va.,
by railroad. January 26: Arrived at Grafton (passed Benwood at night).
Joined Schenck's brigade, Lander's division, Army of West Virginia, W. S.
Rosecrans commanding. 302 miles.
February j; Grafton to New Creek by railroad. 79 miles. February 6:
Expedition to Romney; camped in the snow. 15 miles. February g: Retimied
to New Creek. 15 miles. February 10 : Expedition to Moorefield; 73d Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Orland Smith commanding, accompanied. 10 miles.
February li: Marched 20 miles. February 13-14: Returned from Moorefield to
New Creek. 30 miles. February 18: Returned to Camp Kelley, Grafton, by
railroad; measles in camp. 79 miles.
March ji: Moved from Grafton to Green Spring Run by rail. 116 miles.
April i: In camp at Green Spring Run, Va.; order issued by quartermaster;
train, wagons, mules, etc. April j: Marched to Springfield, Va. 6 miles.
April 6: Marched to Romney, Va., Colonel Lee commanding; distance from
Springfield, 8 miles. April 15: Marched en route to Moorefield. 22 miles.
April ly: Arrived at Moorefield; Schenck's brigade organized. April 2Q:
Marched from Moorefield; followed the south branch of the Potomac River;
diflScult mountain trail; companies D, G, and E left at Moorefield. 6 miles.
[Note. — Expedition under Lieutenant Boalt, Company D; Umbaugh killed,
and others wounded.]
May i: Arrived at Petersburg. 10 miles. May j; Marched from Peters-
burg towards Franklin, crossing the south branch of the Potomac River. 10
miles, ilfoy 5.- Arrived at Franklin ; camped 9 miles south. 11 miles. May 6:
Marched south toward Monterey; Lieutenant-Colonel Safford detached to scout,
with three companies. May y: Joined Milroy at McDowell; forced march —
34 miles in 24 hours. May 8: Battle of Bull Pasture Mountain. May Q:
Marched north. May 10: Marched north; halted at the junction of the road
to Monterey, 13 miles from McDowell; remained there from 8 A. M. to 2 P. M.
12 miles. May ii: Arrived at FrankUn. 9 miles. May 14: Arrival of Blenker's
division. General Fremont arrived with advance brigade; serious shortage of
provisions; skirmishing at Franklin. May i§: Reorganization of Schenck's
brigade.
271
272 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
The "Cross Keys" Campaign
May 2j: Marched from Franklin north. 12 miles. May 26: Arrived at
Petersburg. 9 miles. May 2Q: Arrived at Moorefield. r6 miles. May 30-ji:
Crossed Branch Mountain, Shenandoah Mountains. 30 miles.
June I: Marched at 7 a. m.; cannonading; in line of battle at 10:30 A. M.;
heavy rains. 15 miles. June 2: Marched early, over heavy roads. 10 miles.
June y. Passed through Woodstock in the morning; dinner at Edinburgh;
camped at Mt. Jackson at 11 P. m. 22 miles. Jwie 4: Bivouacked at Mt.
Jackson. June 5.- Crossed the Shenandoah River; camped at New Market.
8 miles. June 6: Marched early; halted near Harrisonburg and supported the
cavalry in action; Rebel General Ashby killed. 17 miles. June "j: Made a
reconnaissance toward Cross Keys, returning at 10 p. m. 10 miles. June 8:
Battle of Cross Keys; thunder storm. 5 miles. June g: Pursuit of Jackson
to Shenandoah River. 5 miles. June 10: Marched to Harrisonburg. 10
miles. June 12: Marched to Mt. Jackson. 18 miles. June ig: Marched
to Woodstock. June 20: Marched to Strasburg. June 24: Marched to
Middletown. 24 miles. General Pope assumed command of the Army of
Virginia; reorganization. June 2"/: Arrival at Middletown of the camp equipage
left at Petersburg; General Schenck assumed command of the ist Corps, Army
of Virginia; General Pope issued a general order; General Fremont reUeved of
command. June jo: Camped at Middletown; General Sigcl assumed command
of the ist Corps, Army of Virginia.
The "Second Bull Run" Campaign
July 4: At Middletown; reorganization of the 2d Brigade. July 7.- Drew
Enfield rifles; marched via Front Royal from Middletown. July 8: Marched to
Front Royal. 10 miles. July g: Marched to Thornton's Gap; cherry-trees in
fruit. 18 miles. July 10: Marched to SperryvUle, crossing the Blue Ridge.
12 miles. July 14: In camp at Sperrjrville. July 25: Quartermaster A. G.
Pennington resigned.
August 8: Marched at 5 P. m. toward Culpeper; on the march all night;
distance about 28 miles. August g: Battle of Cedar Mountain; arrived
at Culpeper at 11 A. M.; marched 3 miles south; bivouacked on the battle-
field. August 14: Marched to Robertson's River. 5 miles. August 18:
Marched to Culpeper. 8 miles. August ig: Marched to Rappahannock
Station. 15 miles. Band mustered out by order of the War Department;
recruiting party sent home. August 22: Marched northeast. 8 miles. Ar-
tillery duel at Freeman's Ford. August 2j: Marched up the river. 5 miles.
August 24: Marched from Sulphur Springs Station to East Waterloo Bridge.
5 miles. August 2j: Marched at midnight for Warrenton. August 26: Reached
Warrenton at daybreak. 10 miles. Rested all day. August 27.- Marched via
Auckland's Mills to Gainesville. 13 miles. August 28: Marched southeast;
crossed Manassas Gap Railroad; very hot and dusty; much useless manoeu-
vring; camped at night near Groveton, parallel to Warrenton turnpike on the
ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 273
Henry House Hill. 8 miles. August 2g: Manceuvred past Groveton, south-
west. 2 miles. Artillery shelled our woods. August jo: In line north of
Warrenton pike, near the Dogan House, till noon; then moved to the left of
the pike, supporting a battery; at 4:30 p. m. retired to Bald Hill and, wheeling,
joined the brigade amid hot firing; at 6 p. m. Corporal Bellamy was killed by
a solid shot in the Valley of Young's Branch; marched for Centreville at 10 p. m.
5 miles. August ji: Arrived at Centreville at daybreak. Bivouacked all day.
September i: Marched from Centreville to Fairfax. 8 miles. September 2:
Marched from Fairfax Court House to Chain Bridge. 17 miles. General
Order No. 129 issued: ist Corps, Army of Virginia, changed to nth Corps,
Army of the Potomac. September 10: Marched to Fort DeKalb. 2 miles.
September 22: Marched to Centreville. 22 miles. September 25.- Buschbeck's raid.
Marched from Centreville at 2 p. m. to Weirs House, i mile from Manassas
Junction. September 26: Marched at daybreak; halted at Bristoe Station at
II A. M.; advanced to Catlett; attacked the enemy, 300 strong, in cars; camped
at Warrenton Junction. 12 miles.
In the Defences of Washington
September 27.- Marched to Bristoe Station. 9 miles. September 28:
Marched to Centreville. 9 miles. September 2Q: Camped at Centreville.
October i: At Centreville; Major DeWolf resigned. October 2: Captain
Gambee promoted to Major. October 27: Reorganization of the nth Corps
as follows: General Sigel commanding the nth Corps; General J. Stahel the
ist Division; and General N. C. McLean the 2d Brigade, consisting of the 25th,
55th, 75th, and 82d Ohio. October Jl: Captain Ira C. Terry resigned.
November 2: Marched from Centreville to Manassas Junction. Ordered to
cover Thoroughfare and Hopewell Gaps and New Baltimore, g miles. No-
vember j: Marched to Gainesville. 9 miles. November 6: Thoroughfare Gap.
November y: Waterloo Bridge. 5 miles. November g: General Bumside
assumed command of the Army of the Potomac, relieving General McClellan;
marched to Hopewell Gap. 5 miles. November 18: Marched from Hopewell
Gap via Sudley Springs to Stone Bridge, Bull Run. 12 miles. November ig:
Marched from Stone Bridge to Chantilly. 8 miles. November 20 to December
g: In camp at Chantilly.
The Fredricksburg Campaign
December 10: Marched from Chantilly south. 15 miles. December 11:
Marched via Wolf Run Shoals. December 12: Marched to near Dumfries. 10
miles. December 13: Marched from Dumfries, via Aquia Creek, to Falmouth.
18 miles. December ij: Camped at Stafford Court House. During the month
the brigade was reorganized at Stafford Court House (2d Brigade, ist Divis-
ion, nth Corps). December 18 to January ig: In camp near Stafford Court
House.
2 74 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
1863
January 20: Marched to Belle Plain Landing. 10 miles. Ordered to cover
ground from Falmouth to Hartwood Church, ist Brigade moved to Belle
Plain Landing; nth and 12th Corps, Grand Reserve Division, General Sigel
commanding; General Stahel assigned to command of cavalry; General Carl
Schurz commanding the corps; McLean the ist Division; Richardson (25th
Ohio) the ist Brigade. January 22: Marched to Brooke Station. 8 miles.
January 20 to January 24: The " Mud March." 8 miles. January 26: General
Hooker assumed command of the Army of the Potomac.
" Winter Camp "
February i: Marched to Belle Plain Landing. 8 miles. Grand Reserve
Division abrogated; General Sigel assumed command of the nth Corps.
February 12: General Sigel requested to be relieved of the command; General
Hooker reluctantly consented; Captain F. A. Wildman resigned. February 13:
General A. von Steinwehr temporarily in command.
March i: Bristoe Station; George H. Safford, Lieutenant-Colonel, resigned.
March 4: Major C. B. Gambee promoted; Captain D. S. Brovi^n resigned,
March 6: Captain H. N. Shipman resigned. March 16: Captain A. S. Bement
resigned. F. J. Sauter promoted to Captain Company B ; corps badges first
used. March 18: Review by General Stahel; bade troops adieu; Colonel Lee
replies in happy style. March 31: General O. O. Howard assigned to the nth
Corps temporarily.
The Chancellorsville Campaign
April l: At Brooke Station. April 8: Review by President Lincoln of the
2d Corps, General Couch; of the 5th Corps, General Sickles; of the 6th Corps,
General Sedgwick. April 10: Review of the nth Corps, General Howard.
April II to 27: In camp at Brooke Station. April 15: General Order War
Department No. 96; General O. O. Howard assigned to command of the nth
Corps. April 20: Brigadier-General Charles Devens assigned to the nth Corps.
April 2y: Marched from Brooke Station to Hartwood Church; 8 days' rations;
hot weather. 14 miles. [2 Field Officers, n Staff, 23 Line, 99 Non-commis-
sioned Officers, 343 Men.] April 28: Marched from Hartwood Church to
Kelly's Ford, Rappahannock River. 14 miles. Camped at 4 P. M. April 2Q:
Marched from Kelly's Ford to Germanna Ford, Rapidan River; followed the
12th Corps; camped very late. 12 miles. April 30: Marched on Plank road.
9 miles.
May i: In line of battle near the TaUey House. May 2: Same till 5 :30 p. M. ;
attacked by the enemy on right flank and rear; formed at 10 p. m. near the Chan-
cellor House. May 6: Crossed the Rappahannock River at United States Ford.
Marched 12 miles. Camp at Brooke Station. May 8: Lieutenant-Colonel C.
B. Gambee promoted to Colonel to succeed John C. Lee, who resigned on the
ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 275
same date; Major James M. Stevens promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel to succeed
Gambee; Captain R. Robbins promoted to Major to succeed Stevens. May
11: Brooke Station. May 3/.- 33d Massachusetts, 136th New York, 73d
Ohio, 55th Ohio, assigned to 2d Brigade, 2d Division, Colonel Orland Smith
commanding.
The Gettysburg Campaign
June 12: Marched to Hartwood Church. 14 miles. June 13: Marched
to Catlett Station. 22 miles. Camped on Cedar Run near Orleans and
Alexandria Railroad bridge; water very scarce. June 14: Marched through
Manassas Junction toward Centreville. 20 miles. June 15: Marched to
Centreville. 4 miles. June ij: Marched to Cowhorn Ford or Trappe Rock,
Goose Creek; very hard march; hot; camped 6 miles from Leesburg. 20 miles.
June 20: Moved to east bank of the creek. June 21: The 55th was detached to
guard Grimes's Ford, i}4 miles north; fine water. June 24: Marched to Ed-
wards's Ferry, Potomac River; joined division en route. 10 miles. June 2^:
Marched to Jefferson, Md.; crossed the Potomac River; marched via Pooles-
ville; many Union flags and friendly greetings. 18 miles. June 26: Marched
from Jefferson to Middletown; band played for the citizens; rain all the morning;
citizens demonstrative; 55th on provost duty. 8 miles. June 28: Marched
from Middletown to Turner's Gap, South Mountain; ist Brigade further up the
pass; bivouacked at i A. m. 12 miles. June 2Q: Marched to Emmettsburg;
started at 7 A. m.; marched straight through, 37 miles in 25 hours; Stone pike;
rain. 25 miles.
July i: Marched to Gettysburg, following ist Corps, ist and 3d Divisions;
nth Corps in advance. 12 miles. Posted as a reserve at the corner of Em-
mettsburg and Taneytown roads; slept on arms in the cemetery. July 2:
Battle of Gettysburg; fierce attack of Louisiana Tigers; hand-to-hand fight on
Cemetery Hill over the artillery; complete repulse of the enemy. 4 miles.
July 3: Battle of Gettysburg; fierce fighting; Pickett's charge. July 4: Battle
of Gettysburg; hard rain in the morning; shortage of rations. July 5; Marched
to Rock Creek; camped at 11 P. m.; muddy roads. 5 miles. July 6: Marched
to Emmettsburg; camped at 1:30 A. M. 10 miles. July y: Marched to near
Middletown (6 miles northeast); severe march over awful roads; cherries ripe.
20 miles. July 8: Marched to Turner's Gap, South Mountain; over the moun-
tain in hard rain; scene from the summit when the fog lifted. (News of Vicks-
burg's surrender.) 4 miles. July 10: Marched to Beaver Creek. 7 miles.
July 12: Marched to Funkstown. 7 miles. July 14: Marched via Hagerstown
to Williamsport. 10 miles, /w/y 75.- Marched via Hagerstown to Middletown;
forced march. 20 miles. July 16: Marched via Jefferson to Berlin. 10 miles.
July ij: Rain. July ig: Crossed the Potomac; marched to near Hamilton, via
Lovettsville and Waterford; oppressive weather. 18 miles. July 20: Marched
via Mt. Gilead to Mountsville. 18 miles. July 25.- Marched to New Balti-
more via Middleburg and White Plains; very hot; blackberries plenty. 24
miles. July 2§: Marched to Warrenton Junction, arriving at noon; severe
276 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
march; very hot. 17 miles. July 30: Brcntsville; camped at 2 A. M. on the
1st of August.
August i: Marched at daylight; severest march of the campaign; great heat;
no water. 12 miles. August 2: Moved to Catlett Station. August 3: Sheet
iron from cars burned in Pope's campaign used for huts. August 6: General
Gordon's Division (ist nth Army Corps) leaves the army for Charleston,
S. C; Captain Wickham with Gordon. August 18: Marched to Bristoe Station.
September i: Camped at Bristoe Station; Catlett Station. September 24:
Marched to Manassas Junction; started at midnight; General Joseph Hooker
assigned to command of the nth and 12th Corps. Total distance marched
on Gettysburg campaign, 341 miles.
Chattanooga — The Knoxville Campaign
September 25: Marched from Manassas Junction to Washington; got cars
at noon; left Washington at sunset. September 26: At Harper's Ferry in the
morning; New Creek at sunset. September 27: Grafton at daylight; Benwood
at noon; passed Zanesville and Columbus at night. September 28: Dayton in
the morning; Indianapolis about sunset; marched to soldiers' barracks for
supper. September 2g: Passed through Louisville, Ky.; Nashville in the after-
noon. September jo: Arrived at Bridgeport at noon. 994 miles in 6 days.
Explosion of fixed ammunition.
October 10: Marched to Stevenson, Ala. October ij: Election for Governor;
Regiment gave unanimous vote for John Brough. October 21: General Grant
arrived at Stevenson en route to Chattanooga. October 27: Crossed Tennessee
River at Bridgeport; marched to Whitesides at 8 p. M. 6 miles. October 28:
Marched at 5 a. m. to Lookout Valley (noon); camped at Brown's Ferry at
5 p. M.; skirmish with the enemy from Lookout Mountain; on picket duty at
night. 28 miles. October 2g: Camped on slope of Smith's Hill; enemy used
artillery on the wagon-train from Kelley's Ferry. 2 miles.
November 22: Marched at 1:30 p. m. to Chattanooga, crossing river at
Brown's Ferry and Chattanooga; bivouacked in front of Fort Wood. 5 miles.
November 2j: At 3 P. M. advanced to the railroad; in reserve to 14th and 4th
Corps; advanced on Orchard Knob. 2 miles. November 24: In line all day.
Lieutenant Bromley killed. November 2j: Marched at 10:45 A. M. to Sher-
man's pontoon bridge; thence to Boyce Station; assault of the Army of the Cum-
berland at 5 P. M. 3 miles. November 26: Marched at daylight in pursuit of
the enemy; camped near Graysville. November 2y: Marched from Graysville
to Parker's Gap and to Red Clay Station, and returned 11 p. m.; destroyed
railroad at Red Clay. 27 miles. November 28: Camped all day near Parker's
Gap. November 2g: Marched from Parker's Gap to Cleveland, Tenn. 18
miles. November jo: Marched to Charleston on the Hiawassee River. 10 miles.
Decemfter /.• Marched to Athens. 17 miles. Camped at 5 p. m. December
2: Marched to Philadelphia. 20 miles. Camped near Loudon at 8 p. M.
December j: Marched through Loudon; camped on the Little Tennessee. 5
ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 277
miles. December 4: Camp near Loudon. December §: At i A. m. marched
across the river toward Unitia; camped near Louisville, arriving via Morgan ton.
24 miles. December J: Started march in return. 15 miles. Camped at 5 p. m.
December 8: Marched toward Chattanooga. 12 miles. Camped at Sweet
Water. December g: Marched at 7:30 p. m. to Athens. 12 miles. December
12: Marched at 7 A. m. to Charleston. 18 miles. Camped at 11 A. M. Decem-
ber ly. Marched at 7 a. m. to Cleveland. 9 miles. December 16: Passed through
McDaniel's Gap. 12 miles. Big rainstorm. December 17: Marched from
the Gap to camp in Lookout Valley. 24 miles. Large number of bare-foot
men; Captain Osbom in charge. 232 miles, total. .
1864
January ll: Re-enlistment as Veterans, and Veteran furlough. January 11:
27 officers, 423 men (118 men transferred to 136th New York Volunteers).
February 11: Returned from Veteran furlough. February 12: In camp at
Lookout Valley. 520 miles.
April 10: General O. O. Howard supersedes General Granger in command
of the 4th Corps. April 14: 20th Corps organized by consolidation of nth
and i2th Corps, General Joseph Hooker commanding; 3d Division, Major-
General D. Butterfield commanding; 3d Brigade (20th Connecticut, 33d Massa-
chusetts, 136th New York, 55th Ohio, 73d Ohio, 26th Wisconsin), Colonel James
Wood commanding. (20th Connecticut joined late in May.)
The Atlanta Campaign
May 2: 6 A. m. marched from Lookout Valley to Lee and Gordon's Mills
via Rossville and Chickamauga battle-field. 15 miles. May 4: Marched
from Lee and Gordon's Mills to Pleasant Grove Church, near Taylor's
Ridge on East Chickamauga Creek. 11 miles. May 6: From Pleasant Grove
Church to Leet's Tannery on Pea Vine Creek. 6% miles. May /.- From
Leet's Tannery to Wood's Store, passing through Gordon's Gap, Taylor's Ridge.
15^ miles. May 8: Moved to reconnoitre Buzzard Roost Gap. Companies
B and D assaulted and captured liill in the Gap. May g: Regiment moved to
foot of captured hill; marched in the afternoon to Pleasant Grove Church, near
Wood's Store. 2 miles. May 11: Marched at 4 A. m. to and into Snake Creek
Gap. 14 miles. Camped at noon; did work on road in the Gap. May 12:
Marched at 10 a. m. toward and through the Gap. 4 miles. May ij: Marched
toward Resaca; formed hne in rear of left of 15th Corps; reheved at midnight
by Morgan's brigade, 14th Corps. 3 miles. May 14: Skirmished with the
enemy; erected breastworks. May ij: Marched at daylight to the left of the
army, near the Dalton and Resaca road. 3 miles. Assaulted the enemy's
line at i P. M.; Colonel Gam bee, Major Robbins, and Captain Peck killed.
May 16: Marched through Resaca; crossed the Oostenaula River at Field's
Mill, 11:30 p. M. 16 miles. May IJ: Marched from Field's Ferry on the
278 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Cassville road. 17 miles. Camped at 9 p. m. May 18: Marched toward
Cassville "cross-lots." 17'^ miles. Reached Gravelly Plateau at 4 p. m.;
skirmished with the enemy. May ig: Marched due south toward Two Run
Creek. 10 miles. Enemy in force very near; advanced on Cassville at 5 p. m.
May 20: In camp near Cassville. May 2j: Marched to Euharlee (south of
the Etowah River). 16 miles. May 24: Marched to Burnt Hickory. 18
miles. May 2§: Marched from Burnt Hickory to near New Hope Church. 8
miles. Attacked enemy on their left flank at 4 p. m.; reUeved at midnight; heavy
rain. May 26: Bivouacked. May 2y: Marched to the right and rear of the
Corps. 3 miles. May 28: Relieved the ist Brigade, 3d Division, in the front
line; worked on intrenchments.
June i: Marched at noon from New Hope Church to the left of the army.
5 miles. June 2: Marched to the left near McLean House, 2 miles in the rear
of Hovey's brigade, 23d Corps. June 4: In bivouac. June 6: Marched on
the Ackworth road, near the Sandtown road crossing. 2 miles. June 7;
In trenches. June 15: Marched at 2 p. m. on the Sandtovra road. 2 miles.
June ly: Marched at 9 A. m. toward Noyes Creek. 2 miles. June 18: Biv-
ouacked in the trenches. June ig: Marched on Dallas and Marietta road,
crossing Noyes Creek. 3 miles. In line near Kenesaw Mountain. June 20:
Marched to the right to support the ist Di\'ision; returned to camp. 3 miles.
June 21: Marched to reconnoitre the enemy in front at 11 A. M. 2 miles.
136th New York, 55th Ohio, and 73d Ohio Volunteer Infantry in reserve; the
55th did all the work. June 22: Marched against the enemy's line; charged
the hill; were relieved at 5 p. m.; marched to right in support of the ist Division.
3 miles. June 2j: Marched to the Powder Springs road; position behind two
brigades. 2 miles. June 24: In the works near Powder Springs road. June
2J: Moved to the front hill.
July i: The enemy retired from Kenesaw Mountain at night. 3 miles.
July 2: Marched on the Marietta road two miles, then south on the Sandtown
road. July j: Bivouacked. July 4: Marched south; built works; enemy
retreated. 2 miles. July 5.- Marched in pursuit, very slowly; crossed Nickajack
Creek. 3 miles. Camped on the west bank, two miles from the Chattahoochie
River. July 6: Moved to the east bank of Nickajack Creek. iK miles.
Camped. July 17: Marched at 3 p. m.; crossed the Chattahoochie River at
Pace's Ferry; marched northeast three miles; camped near Nancy's Creek.
July 18: Marched toward Buck Head on the Dalton road; arrived at 5 P. M.
5 miles. Took position on the left of Buck Head south of the Decatur road.
July 20: Marched, crossing Peach Tree Creek at 11 A. M.; deployed to the right;
enemy assaulted the line at 3 P.M.; sharp fighting. 2 miles. July 22: Marched
to near Atlanta; made breastworks. 3 miles. July 2j: Moved to right; re-
lieved Ruger's brigade, ist Division, i mile. Worked all night on breast-
works. July jo: Marched to the right to support Davis's division near East
Point. 5 miles.
August 2: Rfturned to the main line; built works on the right of the 2d
ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 279
Division, near i6th Corps. August 5; Bviilt breastworks. August y: Worked
all night on new line of works in advance. August 8: Moved into new line.
August g: Worked at night on advance line. August 10: Moved to advanced
hne. ^M^M5/25.- Withdrew from line across Proctor's Creek. 2 miles. Halted.
August 26: Marched at 2 a. m. to Turner's Ferry, Chattahoochie River. 5
miles. Built breastworks. August 2y: In the defences at Turner's Ferry;
attacked by the enemy under General French.
September i: Enemy retreated from Atlanta at night. September 2: Detach-
ment of 400 men under Major Wickham and Captain Smith entered Atlanta
and remained there. Septetnber 4: Marched into Atlanta. 7 miles. Camped
on the south side. Distance marched from Chattanooga to Atlanta, 261 miles.
The "March to the Sea"
November 11: Army of Georgia organized, Major-General Slocum com-
manding; Brigadier-General A. S. WilHams commanding the 20th Corps;
Brigadier-General W. T. Ward the 3d Division; Colonel Samuel Ross the 3d
Brigade (20th Connecticut, 33d Massachusetts, 136th New York, 55th Ohio,
73d Ohio, and 26th Wisconsin). November ij: Marched from Atlanta at 7
A. M. east to Stone Mountain. 9 miles. November 16: Marched to the Yellow
River at Rock Bridge. 15 miles. Camped i mile east. November 17:
Marched to Sheffield. 16 miles. November 18: Marched 'to Social Circle.
15 miles. Camped; destroyed railroad. November ig: Marched to Madison
through Rutledge; destroyed railroad and cotton at the depot. 7 miles.
Camped 4 miles southeast. November 20: Marched to Eatonton. 12 miles.
Hard frost at night. November 21: Marched through Eatonton toward Mil-
ledgeviUe. 13 miles. Camped at Dennis Station. November 22: Marched
to Milledgeville. 10 miles. November 24: Marched to Hebron, crossing
Bluff Creek. 13 miles. November 2$: ■ Marched to Sandersville, crossing
Buffalo Creek. 8 miles. November 26: Were posted to guard trains and
artillery all day. November 2y: Marched 'to Davisborough. 15 miles.
November 28: Marched with train to Louisville. 12 miles. November 2g:
Guarded trains at Louisville; crossed the Ogeechee River. 9 miles. Novem-
ber JO.- At Louisville.
December i: Marched through Birdville. 13 miles. Camped on Bark
Camp Creek. December 2: Marched to Buck Head Court House. 11 miles.
December 3; Crossed railroad 3 miles above Millen; camped on Horse Creek
at midnight. 15 miles. December 4: Broke camp at 7:30 A. m.; marched to
the Little Ogeechee River. 15 miles. Rain; horrible roads. December j:
Marched south toward Sylvania. 6 miles. December 6: Marched to Spring-
field. 13 miles. December j: Marched south toward Monteith to Turkey
Creek. 10 Miles. December 8: Marched toward Monteith plantation. 10
miles. December g: Marched to Monteith. 9 miles. December 10: Marched
south to the defences of Savannah. 10 miles. The 55th in advance. December
11: Camped before defences; Winegar's battery captured the steamer "Reso-
28o TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
lute" and 7 officers and 16 men. December ig: In line between the Savannah
River and the Georgia Central Railroad; skirmishing and picket duty. Decem-
ber 21: At 6 A. M. found the enemy's Hne abandoned and entered Savannah.
Distance marched from Atlanta to Savannah, 295 miles.
1865
The Carolina Campaign
January i: In camp i mile northwest of Savannah, Ga.; marched across
to the river. 3 miles. Heavy rains; went back to camp. January 2: Crossed
the Savannah River on the steamboat "Planter"; landed at Cheves's Landing;
marched to Hardee's Farm via Union Causeway. 6 miles. January 4: In
camp at Hardee's Farm. January 16: Brevet Brigadier-General Wm. Cogswell
took command of the brigade (Colonel Ross on leave of absence); brigade
organization, 20th Connecticut, 33d Massachusetts, 5Sth and 73d Ohio, and
136th New York: 88 oflficers and 1,399 men. January IJ: Marched to Hardee-
ville on Charleston and Savannah Railroad. 8 miles. January 2g: Marched
north on the Robertsville road; camped near Bethel Church. 15 miles. Very
cold. January jo: Marched north to Robertsville. 7 miles. January jl:
Marched to Maner's Plantation and camped, i mile. Worked on Sisters'
Ferry (corduroy) road, i mile.
February I: In camp on Sisters' Ferry road, near Robertsville. February
2: Marched northeast to near Lawtonville; advanced to the left in line of battle.
15 miles. February j; Marched northwest to Duck Branch Post Office. 10
miles. February 4: Marched through Sm)Tna to Moore's Crossroads. 10
miles. February 5.- North and northeast toward Buford's Bridge, Salkehatchie
River. 10 miles. February 6: Northeast with wagon train at 7:30 A. M.;
crossed the Salkehatchie River and marched toward Graham Post Office on
the Augusta and Columbia Railroad. 9 miles. February y: Marched northwest
on Augusta and Columbia Railroad. 8 miles. Cold rain; swampy roads.
February 8: Northwest on the railroad; destroyed the railroad; sandy barrens.
8 miles. February g: Marched northwest on the railroad to Blackville Station.
II miles. February 10: Marched west to White Pond. 12 miles. Destroyed
railroad. February 11 : Marched east and north to the south fork of the Edisto
River. 12 miles. February 12: Marched and crossed the north fork of the
Edisto River; waded in water 12 to 36 inches deep. 13 miles. Heavy frost.
February 13: Marched at 8:15 A. M.; crossed the north branch of the Edisto
River. 6 miles. Camped 6 miles beyond, on the Columbia road; hard-wood
timber. February 14: Marched at 12:30 p. M. toward Lexington Court House.
6 miles. February ij: Marched at 8 A. M., guarding trains; crossed a branch of
Congaree Creek on Lexington Court House road. 9 miles. High vdnds;
burning fences; smoky march. February 16: Marched east to a point 2 miles
from Columbia. 8 miles. February ly: Marched northwest to Zion Church,
near Saluda River. 5 miles. February 18: Marched at 8:10 A. m.; crossed
the Saluda River; marched northwest toward Broad River. [The Saluda and
ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 281
the Broad rivers form the Congaree.] j^i miles. February ig: Marched
toward Broad River 4 miles on the Newberry road, and back at i P. M. by a
crossroad. 8 miles. February 20: Marched north at 3:15 P. m. towards Winns-
borough. 8 miles. Camped near the town; crossed Broad River. February
21: Marched at 7 A. M.; passed through Winnsborough at noon. 12 miles.
Camped 3 miles beyond, on the Rocky Mountain road. February 22: Marched
at 7:15 A. M.; crossed Wateree Creek to Rocky Mountain Post Office on the
Catawba River. i6>^ miles. Crossed the Catawba and bivouacked at
midnight. February 2j: Marched at 7 A. M. north on the Lancaster road. 3
miles. Camped for the day. February 24: Marched all day, guarding trains. 1%
miles. February 2j: Marched at 6 A. m.; heavy rain; made corduroy road to
Russell's Store. 3>^ miles. February 26: Marched at 8 A. m.; ordered back;
marched again at 10:45 a. m., to Hanging Rock Post Office. 6 miles. Feb-
ruary 27; In camp all day. February 28: Marched at 10 A. M.; crossed Hanging
Rock Creek; waited for the wagon-train till 4 p. m. 5 miles. Moved i mile;
rested until 6:30; then marched till 12:30 a. m.
March i: Marched at 6:45 a. m.; crossed Lynch's Creek and moved 2 miles
beyond, toward Chesterfield. 12 miles. March 2: Marched at 6:30 A. M.;
crossed Black Creek; camped 4 miles northeast. 6 miles. Delayed by bridge
building. March j: Marched at 7:45 A. m.; arrived at Chesterfield Court House
at 4 P. M. II miles. Bad roads. March 4: Marched on the Sneedsborough
road to Westfield Creek. 10 miles. Camped on Grady's Farm. March 6:
Marched to Cheraw, southeast; crossed the Great Pedee River at 2:45
p. M.; bivouacked at 2 p. M.; explosion of ammunition at Cheraw. 12
miles. March 7: Marched at 10:30 A. m. northeast toward Lumber River. 18
miles. Severe storm; rained all day and all night; Laurel Hill. March 8:
Marched at 8 A. m. northeast and east toward Lumber River. 8 miles. Rain.
March g: Marched east to the bank of the Lumber River. 8 miles. Severe
rainstorm. March 10: Crossed Lumber River at 7 A. M.; marched east. 8
miles. March ii: Marched at 6:30 A. m.; crossed Rockfish Creek. 22 miles.
Camped half a mile from Fayetteville at 8 p. m. March Ij: Marched through
Fayetteville; crossed Cape Fear River; brigade camped four miles out 8 miles.
The 55th Ohio and 33d Massachusetts camped 2 miles beyond the brigade.
March 14: Marched at 10 A. M. on reconnaissance to Taylor's Hole Creek, on
the Raleigh road. 21 miles. The 55th reached Black or South River; skir-
mishing. March ij: Marched on the Raleigh road northeast 14 miles. March
16: Marched on the Raleigh road northeast toward Averasborough. 3 miles.
Moved south to Smith's Farm; battle of Averasborough; Captain Stone killed.
March IJ: Marched on the Raleigh road northeast to Averasborough. 5 miles.
March 18: Marched on the Bentonville road. 10 miles. Crossed Black River
in rear, covering train; marched all night. March ig: Marched on the Benton-
ville road at 9 A. M. and at 11:30 A. M.; sounds of battle heard; arrived on the
battle-field at 2 p. M.; hotly engaged till night; slept on arms. 8 miles. March
20: Relieved by the 14th Corps; moved to the left of the line and fortified.
282 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
3 miles. March 22: Marched on the Goldsborough road. 8 miles. March
23: Marched on the Goldsborough road; crossed the Neuse River at Coxe's
Bridge. 8 miles. March 24: Marched on the Goldsborough road to Golds-
borough. 8 miles. March 25: In camp at Goldsborough. Distance, Savan-
nah to Goldsborough, 495 miles.
April 2: Major-General A. Mower assumes command of the 20th Army
Corps. April 10: Broke camp at 5:30 A. M.; marched toward Raleigh on the
Smithfield road. 11 miles. April ii: Marched all day in the same direction.
14 miles. April 12: Marched all day in the same direction; crossed the Neuse
River in the morning at Smithfield. 17 miles. Camped near Swift Creek.
April ij: Marched at 4:30 p. m., arriving at Raleigh. 17 miles. Camped near
the State Insane Asylum. April 14: In camp all day. April ij: Lincoln's
assassination announced. April ig: Removed to permanent camp-grounds.
April 22: Reviewed by General Sherman in Raleigh. April 2§: Marched at
9:30 A. M. on the Aven's Ferry road toward Jones's Crossroads. 13 miles.
April 26: Bivouacked all day. April 28: Marched at 6:30 a. m. back to the
camp at Raleigh. 13 miles. April jo: Marched at 7 :3o a. m. north; homeward
bound, to Manteo's Paper Mills. 12 miles. Camped on the south side of
the Neuse River.
May i: Broke camp at 7:30 A. M.; crossed the Neuse River, and in the after-
noon crossed the Tar River at Dickerson's Bridge. 20 miles. Camped at
8:30 p. M. May 2: Marched at 7:30 A. M. via Salem Court House. 16 miles.
Camped at 6 p. m. May j: Marched at 6 p. m. via Williamsborough. 22 miles.
Crossed the Roanoke River on pontoons at Taylor's Ferry. May 4: Marched
at 6 A. M. northeast; crossed the Meherrin River at Saffold's Bridge. 19^^
miles. Camped at 3:30 p. m. May 5.- Marched at 6 A. M. northeast; crossed
Nottaway River. 19 miles. Camped at 3 p. m. May 6: Marched northeast
to Blacks and Whites Station, on the south side railroad. 15 miles. Camped
at I p. m. May 7; Marched at 6 A. M. northeast; crossed Appomattox River
on pontoons. 16 miles. Camped near Clover Hill at 2 p. m. May 8: Marched
northeast 13 miles; camped at noon. May g: Marched northeast 2 miles.
May 10: In camp. May 11: Marched at 10 A. M. through Richmond, crossing
the James River. 10 miles. Camped near Brook Creek on Mechanicsville
turnpike. May 12: Marched through Chickahominy swamps; crossed Chicka-
hominy River. 8 miles. May ij: Marched through Ashland; crossed the
South Anna and New Found rivers. 16 miles. Camped at 5 p. m. May 14:
Marched north; crossed the North Anna River at Anderson's Bridge. 19
miles. Camped at 6 p. m. May ij: Marched at 6 A. M., northward; crossed
the Mattapony and Po rivers. 19 miles. Camped at 6 p. M. near Chancel-
lorsville; passed through Spottsylvania Court House; familiar ground May 16:
Marched at 5 A. M.; crossed the Rappahannock River at United States Ford;
passed Hartwood Church. 22 miles. Camped on Town Creek at 7:30
p. M. May 17: Marched to near Catlett Station; thence northeast to Brents-
ville at 5 P. M. 17 miles. May 18: Marched northeast; crossed Bull Run.
ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 283
20 miles. Camped at Fairfax Station at 3 p. m. May ig: Marched toward
Alexandria. 9 miles. Camped 4 miles west. May 24: Marched in the Grand
Review before the President, General Grant, and General Sherman. 12 miles.
Camped near Fort Lincoln on the Anacostia River. May 2j: In camp.
June i: In camp near Fort Lincoln. June 10: 55th and 73d Ohio Volunteer
Infantry transferred to the 14th Army Corps by special order to the 84th Army
of Georgia, dated June 4th. 20th Corps discontinued. June 15: Travelled by
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. June 18: Left Parkersburg by steamer.
June 20: Arrived at Louisville at 10 a. m.; marched to camp 3 miles east on
Bardstown pike.
July 4: Parade; General Sherman's address to 20th Corps. July 11:
Muster out; rolls completed; command ordered to Cleveland for final ren-
dezvous. July 12: Marched from Camp Louisville; took steamer for Cincin-
nati. July 14: Marched to Cleveland; camped on Fair Ground. July 20:
Colonel Powers's farewell address; final pay; broke ranks; disbanded.
TRANSPORTATION RECORD
Miles by
Steamboat
and Miles
Railroad. Marched.
From Norwalk, O., to Grafton, W. Va. • 302
From Grafton, W. Va., expeditions to New Creek
and Romney 248
West Virginia Campaign 444
Bull Run (Second) Campaign 388
Gettysburg Campaign 341
Manassas Junction, Va., to Bridgeport, Tenn. 1029
Relief of Knoxville Campaign 232
Re-enlistment, Lookout Valley to Ohio and return 1040
Atlanta Campaign 261
Savannah Campaign (March to the Sea) 295
Campaign of the Carolinas and Grand Review 975
Washington to Louisville 724
Louisville to Cleveland, O. 413
3508 3184
Total number of miles 6692
"Far better is it to dare nnghty things, to win glorious triumphs, even
though checkered by failure, than to take rank among those poor spirits who
neither enjoy nor suffer much, because they live in the gray twilight that
knows neither victory nor defeat." — Theodore Roosevelt.
m.m. J = 100. played twice
■Pa 'N p^« h ,^ i--rr4||
0^4: J' r / — j-w^-q P-^
bugle-call of the regiment
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND
[Abbreviations: E. S., Entered Service; M. O., Mustered Out; Vet. Res.
Corps, Veteran Reserve Corps.]
Adams, Albert. Age i8. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
discharged 5 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Adams, Alonzo. Age 21. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C
no further record.
Adams, Chauncy. Age 29. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D
discharged 12 Jan. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabihty.
Adams, Ebenezer. Age 40. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. B; discharged 14 Oct. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's cer-
tificate of disability.
Adams, Horace B. Age 22. E. S. 19 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 29 Feb. '64, at Alexandria, Va.
Adams, Levi. Age 21. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Agnew, James K. Age 25. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to 2d Lieutenant 21 Nov. '61; resigned 16 July '62.
Ahlfeld, Zenas W. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Ainesly, William. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 27 Feb. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Allison, Charles D. Age 22. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Altman, John. Age 19. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. E;
M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
284
Captain Charles M. Smith
As Color-Sergeant
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 285
Anderson, Andrew. Age 2;^. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 8 Sept. '63, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Anderson, Jackson. Age 23. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Anderson, Jackson. Age 37. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at. Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Anderson, John. Age 21. E. S. 25 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May 63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; M. O.
9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Andlefinger, Frank. Age 40. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 5 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Andrews, John H. Age 23. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Anson, Ernest. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; discharged 30 May '64, at
Camp Dennison, O.
Arganbright, George. Age 40. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private
Co. D; drafted; M. O. 9 June '65 at Washington, D. C, by order of War
Department.
Armstrong, Jeremiah G. Age 23 E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Armstrong, John M. Age 26. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Arne, Nicholas. Age 35. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 18 Nov. '63, at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
abiHty.
Ashbolt, S/Vmuel. Age 19. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal i May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
AsHBROOK, William H. Age 25. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; promoted to Sergeant; discharged 22 Feb. '62, on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Ashton, Charles L. Age 18. E. S. 18 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Atkinson, George. Age 22. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 30 June '65, by order of War Department.
Atkinson, James. Age 33. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart-
ment.
Au, Charles. Age 33. E. S. 7 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. H; sub-
stitute; M. O, II July '65.
286 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
AUBLE, Andrew C. Age i8. E. S. 12 Feb. '64. 3 y^^^> Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
AULTHAUSER, FREDERICK. Age 28. E. S. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; appointed Brigade Butcher at Sperryville, Va., 30 July '62; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Ayet, John. Age 28. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F; substitute;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Babcock, Lucius. Age 27. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
transferred to Co. F, 17th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Babcock, William F. Age 26. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Bailey, George H. Age 19. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
promoted to Corporal i July '65; wounded 20 July '64 in battle of Peach Tree
Creek, Ga., M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Bailey, Robert E. Age 23. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Baird, David. Age 24. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; captured 27 Aug. '64, in action near Atianta,
Ga.; M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran.
Baird, William H. Age 26. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician
Co. B: reduced to ranks; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Baker, Andrew S. Age 20. E. S. 29 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 5 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Baker, David. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal; discharged 27 May '62, at Moorefield, Va., on sur-
geon's certificate of disability.
Baker, Joel. Age 29. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E; drafted;
M. O. 5 June '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Department.
Baldwin, Charles. Age 24. E. S. 3° Sept. '64. i year; substitute;
Private Co. B; wounded in action 16 Mar. '65; M. O. 24 May '65, at
Beaufort, N. C, by order of War Department.
Baldwin, Robert B. Age 28. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C. Veteran.
Ball, Joseph. Age 18. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
transferred to Co. B, ist Vet. Res. Corps 15 Aug. '63.
Balser, Peter. Age 26. E. S. 13 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; died 23 Mar. '65, at David's Island, N. Y.
Banning, Thomas. Age 42. E. S. 6 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 18 May '62, at Green Spring Run, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Barber, Alonzo D. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 287
Barber, Edgar W. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; transferred to Co. K,
5th Vet. Res. Corps, 17 Dec. '63.
Barber, Hiram S. Age 18. E. S. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 8 June '63; M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of
service.
Barber, Nelson. Age 19. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 10 Jan. '63; died 20 May '63, of w^ounds received in battle
of Chancellorsville, Va., 2 May '63.
Barber, Orison. Age 18. E. S. 23 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 7 July '65, at Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., by order of War
Department.
Barber, William H. Age 28. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Barker, Irvin E. Age 19. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Barnett, Albert G. Age 36. E. S. 16 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 4 Nov. '62; wounded 25 Nov. '63, in battle of
Mission Ridge, Tenn.; killed 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.
Barrett, Erastus. Age 18. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 5 Apr. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Barrick, William. Age 20. E. S. 4 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Bartlett, Horace A. Age 33. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 15 Oct. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Barton, Frank P. Age 20. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; died 22 May '64, of wounds received
15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Battie, David. Age 18. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
died 5 July '62, at Clarysville, Md.
Bauer, Lewis. Age 26. E. S. 17 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. C
transferred to Co. D, 14th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 July '63.
Baughman, Henry. Age 29. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Baughman, Reuben. Age 24. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I
drafted; died 14 Jan. '65 in hospital at Savannah, Ga.
Baxtine, Henry. Age 19. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Beach, George C. Age 23. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I
substitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Beard, Joshua A. Age 18. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
288 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Beard, Randolph M. Age 27. E. S. 24 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; 2 May '63, in battle
of Chancellorsville, Va.; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Beck, Felix H. Age 20. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; killed 8 May '64, in action at Buzzard Roost
Gap, Ga. Veteran.
Beck, Henry C. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; dis-
charged 25 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Beck, Jacob F. Age 26. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Beck, James M. Age 27. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Beck, Peter A. N. Age 20. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
promoted to Corporal ; transferred to 126th Co. 2(1 Battalion Vet. Res
Corps 28 Dec. '63.
Beck, William. Age 18.. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G:
M. O. II July '65.
Beckley, Philip. Age 22. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A:
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Beckley, Stephen. Age 23. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal i Jan. '64; promoted to Sergeant 17 Dec. '64; M. O
II July '65. Veteran.
Beckley, Thomas. Age 20. E. S. 24 Sept. '61; 3 years; Private Co. A:
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Beckwith, Charles. Age 21. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Bedell, Edwtn. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 28 Feb. '63, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Beer, Adam. Age 23. E. S. 28 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H; pro-
moted to Corporal 22 June '64; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonvilJe,
N. C; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Beery, Martin. Age 24. E. S. 23 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. II July '65.
Bell, Enoch M. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Bellamy, William.. Age 24. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal and Color Bearer 16 Oct. '61; killed 30 Aug. '62, in
battle of Bull Run, Va.
Bellman, Frederick. Age 18. E. S. 18 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. E; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Bellman, John. Age 21. E. S. 15 Nov. '61. 3 years; appointed Cor-
poral Co. E 31 Dec. '61; promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant
20 July '64; to ist Lieutenant Co. C 24 April '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 289
Bellman, Lewis. Age 21. E. S. 15 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died II July '62, at Cumberland, Md.
Bement, Augustus S. Age 37. E. S. 11 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. B 10 Oct. '61; resigned 16 Mar. '63.
Bemis, BENj-i^MiN F. Age 29. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; killed 25 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Bemis, William H. H. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged 27 Oct. '62, at Newark, N. J., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Benfer, Hugh H. Age 21. E. S. 12 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 17 Dec. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Bennett, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, at McDougall Hospital, N. Y., by order of War
Department.
Benson, David P. Age 20. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis-
charged 28 Oct. '62, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, at battle of Bull Run, Va.
Benson, Finley. Age 20. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; to Sergeant i July '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Benson, Joseph. Age 21. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal i June '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Berger, Harrison. Age 18. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of the War De-
partment.
Bergmyer, Xavier. Age 31. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Bergstresser, Louis S. .\ge 24. E. S. i Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; transferred 20 May '64 to Co. G, 12th Vet. Res. Corps.
Berry, Clark S. .Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Berry, Jacob. Age 32. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Berry, James. Age 48. E. S. 25 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
died 31 Oct. '62, in prison at Lynchburg, Va., of wounds received 9 May '62,
in skirmish near Franklin, W. Va.
Betterman, John. Age 22. E. S. 15 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Betts, John F. Age 22. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged i July '62, at Middletown, Va.
Beyer, Russel H. .Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. H; promoted to Sergeant 19 Sept. '62; to ist Sergeant 3 Oct. '62; to
2d Lieutenant Co. H 16 Mar. '63; to ist Lieutenant 19 Mar. '64; to Captain
Co. A 3 Nov. '64; M. O. IT July '65.
29° TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
BiCKMORE, William. Age 33. E. S. 15. Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 31 July '63, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
BiLER, William. Age 36. E. 6. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 14 Aug. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Birds, Barnett F. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Bitterman, John. Age 19. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 15 April '63, at Brooke Station, Va./on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Bitting, James H. Age 20. E. S. 12 Feb. '64. Private Co. A; M. O.
II July '65.
Blackwell, George A. Age 20. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; wounded 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Blackwell, Sylvanus. E. S. ii Apr. '65. i year; Private, unassigned
M. O. 15 May '65, at Hart's Island, N. Y. Harbor.
Blake, Robert. Age 28. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Blockinger, John. Age 47. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
transferred to Co. E, 14th Vet. Res. Corps, 5 Aug. '63.
Bloom, Frederick. Age 22. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician
M. O. by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Bloomer, Albert. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; discharged 9 June '65, at Wash-
ington, D. C, for wounds received 9 Feb. '65, in action. Veteran.
Blough, George W. Age 24. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Boalt, Frederick H. Age 20. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. D 20 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 2 Oct. '62;
to Captain 4 Mar. '64; resigned 13 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Bolsinger, Anton. Age 22. E. S. 3 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 11 July '65.
Boos, Charles F. Age 32. E. S. Leader of the Band 4 Oct. '61.
3 years; M. O. by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
BoROFF, Charles H. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; M. O II July '65. Veteran.
BoROUGHF, Henry E. Age 27. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; to Sergeant i Dec. '64; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Boucher, Harmon. Age 28. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
BouGHTON, James. Age 29. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years. Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Boss, John H. Age 23. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; appointed Sergeant
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 291
Co. E 31 Dec. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant i Jan. '64; to Quartermaster
Sergeant 16 April '64; to ist Lieutenant Co. E 19 Aug. '64; to Regimental
Quartermaster i Jan. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteean.
Boston, James P. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; M. O. 1 1 July '65. Veteran
BowERMAN, Isaac. Age 23. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Bowers, John. Age 41. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. C
discharged 5 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Bowers, John. Age 29. E. S. 28 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
promoted to Corporal ; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough
N. C; M. O. 17 July '65, at Columbus, O. Veteran.
BowsHER, Amos. Age 22. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
BowSHER, Hiram. Age 19. E. S. 9 Mar. '65. i year; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65.
BowSHER, Jesse. Age 28. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; to Sergeant i Sept. '62; to ist Sergeant
6 Sept. '62; to 2d Lieutenant Co. K 6 Mar. '63; to ist Lieutenant Co. F
19 Mar. '64; to Captain 25 July '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
BowSHER, John. Age 20. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Boyd, George W. Age 34. ' E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
killed 3 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Boyd, James T. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed Cor-
poral Co. G 14 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 9 Apr. '64; wounded 15 May '64, in
battle of Resaca, Ga.;"promoted to ist Sergeant 20 July '64; to Sergeant Major
20 Mar. '65; to ist Lieutenant Co. G 24 Apr. '65; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Brabert, Lippe. Age 39. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; no
further record found.
Brand, John. Age 22. E. S. 30 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K; cap-
tured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; M. O. 9 June '65, at Wash-
ington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Brandenburg, Jesse. Age 30. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3"years; Private Co. K
promoted to Sergeant 21 Nov. '61; wounded 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg,
Pa.; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Breniman, Daniel. Age 23. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
no further record found.
Bretz, John L. Age 21. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
died 13 July '62, at Frederick City, Md.
Brewer, Anson. Age 28. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Brewer, Philip. Age 31. E. S. 10 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 27 June '65, by order of War Department.
292 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Brewster, Moses P. Age 41. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
dischajged 15 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Bridenstine, Joshua F. .\ge 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; private
Co. F; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Briggs, Charles M. Age 18. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
no further record found.
Briggs, Samuel. Age — . E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
no further record found.
Briggs, Sewell C. Age 30. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 22 Nov. '62, at New York, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in bat-
tle of Bull Run, Va.
Brinkman, William C. Age 20. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; promoted to Corporal; transferred to Co. A, 6th Vet. Res. Corps,
24 Aug. '63.
Broka, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 24 Nov.'62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Broka, William. Age 19. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 2 June '63, at Brooke Station, Va., of wounds received in action.
Bromley, Edward. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to ist Sergeant Co. G 14 Dec. '61; to Quartermaster Sergeant
II Jan. '63; to 2d Lieutenant Co. G 24 Mar. '63; killed 24 Nov. '63, in battle
of Missionary Ridge, Tenn.
Bromley, Murray. Age 16. E. S 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
reduced to ranks from Musician; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Bromley, Robert. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. G. 14 Dec. '6r; wounded and captured 30 Aug. '62, at bat-
tle of Bull Run, Va.; exchanged; 'promoted to Captain Co. D i6 Mar. '63;
resigned 4 Aug. '63.
Brookhart, James R. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of
Chancellorsville, Va; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Brooks, Socratus. Age 18. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; to Sergeant 8 June '65; wounded 2 July '63,
in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Browtst, Coleman. Age 22. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 9 Jan. '64, at Lookout Valley, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Brown, Daniel S. Age 31. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. F 16 Oct. '61; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.;
resigned 16 Feb. '63.
Brown, Henry. Age 22. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis-
charged 5 Mar. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 293
Brown, Jacob. Age 27. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; discharged 8 June '65, at Cleve-
land, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability. Veteran.
Brown, Jacob A. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expira-
tion of term of service.
Brown, James. Age 35. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; no
further record found.
Brown, John. Age 27. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B; trans-
ferred by re-enlistment to 13th N. Y. Independent Battery, 10 Jan. '64.
Brown, Moses. Age 19. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Brovw, Olcott K. Age 25. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 15 May '64, in Battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 9 June '65, at Camp
Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Brown, Sidney C. Age 19. E. S. 10 Dec. '61; 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal i Aug. '63; ist Sergeant i June '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
BROvra, Silas. Age 22. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department. Vet-
eran.
Brubaker, Jacob. Age 21. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 20 Sept. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Brubecker, Jeremiah. Age 20. E. S. 29 Oct. '64. i year; Private
Co. F; drafted; died 23 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Brumby, Thomas. Age 18. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 23 Aug. '63, of wounds received 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville,
Va.
Buckley, Thomas E. Age 21. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 3 Mar. '63, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run,
Va.
BuRCH, Jack O. Age 25. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C; no
further record found.
Burgess, George W. Age 27. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private
Co. F; drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War
Department.
BuRKET, John. Age 21. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; pro-
moted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; to Sergeant 9 June '63; to ist Sergeant i Sept. '64;
to Commissary Sergeant 26 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
BuRKETT, Abraham. Age 29. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Burlingham, Alonzo D. Age 19. E. S. 15 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; captured 9 May '62, near Franklin, W. Va.; wounded 20 July '64, in
battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.
294 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
BuRMiNGHAM, PATRICK. Age 32. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; killed 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga. Veteran.
Burr, Ira. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G; killed
2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Burr, Raymond. E. S. 4 Apr. '62. 3 years; ist Lieutenant Co. B;
promoted to Captain and Assistant Quartermaster 14 July '62.
BURRIER, John. Age 22. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
BuRT, JiRA. Age 31. E. S. I Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. E; no further
record found.
Busby, Eli. Age 41. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F; drafted
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Butler, Edwin H. Age 32. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; reduced to ranks; discharged 20 Jan. '63
at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Button, George W. Age 26. E. S. 30 Dec. '6i. 3 years; Private Co. H
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Byers, John. Age 18. E. S. 2 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;pro
moted to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant i Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July, '65
Veteran.
Cadwalader, Nathan A. Age 22. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; discharged 20 Oct. '62.
Cahoon, James F. Age 18. E. S. 26 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 11 July '65, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Cain, John. Age — . E. S. 8 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. H; substitute;
no further record found.
Cain, John A. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 27 Oct. '64, at Colum-
bus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Call, Noble. Age 23. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. D;
discharged i Dec. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Callin, William. Age 18. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
captured 30 Aug. '64; exchanged; discharged 20 June '65, by order of War
Department. Veteran.
Canada, Elias. Age 24. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Cann, Philip. Age 18. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Cannon, Samuel. Age 23. E. S. 20 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Carpenter, David L. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
ROSTER OP THE COMMAND 295
Co. D; captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 19 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Carper, Henry. Age 23. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 9 Oct. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Carper, James. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. B, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 8 Oct. '63.
Carr, Charles A. Age 22. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
transferred to Co. I, 8th Vet. Res. Corps, 9 Dec. '64; M. O. 25 July '65, at
Chicago, 111., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Carr, Henry. Age 22. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal; captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Carr, Thomas. Age 30. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged i Jan. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Carver, Henry R. Age 24. E. S. 19 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, at Bull Run, Va.; 15 May '64, at Resaca, Ga., and
I Mar. '65, at Silver Creek, N. C; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O.,
by order of War Department. Veteran.
Carver, James. Age 28. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 8 Oct. '63.
Case, Augustus B. Age 24. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Case, Butler. Age 22. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; ist Sergeant Co. F
promoted to 2d Lieutenant 23 July '62; to ist Lieutenant 10 Mar. '63; trans-
ferred to Co. B May '63; promoted to Captain 13 Apr. '64; resigned
10 Apr. '64.
Case, Joseph E. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3' years; Private Co. H;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Cashner, Jonathan. Age 39. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; discharged 17 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Castle, George W. Age 23. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; died 18 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Catlin, Mason. Age 24. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 7 Dec. '61; to Sergeant i Jan. '63; died 3 May '63, of
wounds received 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Chaffee, James M. Age 19. E. S. 28 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 29 Dec. '64, on ex-
piration of term of service.
Chamberlain, Horace M. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private
Co. H; promoted to Corporal i Sept. '64; to Sergeant 26 June '65; M. O. 11 July
'65. Veteran.
Chapman, Albert. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 28 Apr. '62, at Camp Lee, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
296 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Charville, William. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged i Sept. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty.
Chase, Alvin B. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. D;
appointed Sergeant i Oct. '62; promoted to ist Sergeant 18 Mar. '64; to Ser-
geant Major I Sept. '64; to ist Lieutenant 3 Nov. '64; appointed Adjutant
28 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Childs, William E. Age 21. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Hospital Steward 21 Nov. '61; to ist Lieutenant Co. H. 18 Jan. '65.
Veteran.
Chinrock, John. Age 18. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co A;
died 31 July '63, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 2 May '63, in
battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Chxjlip, Henry. Age 22. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Clark, Charles. Age 22. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Clark, George H. Age 21. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant 19 May '65; commissioned 2d
Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Clark, John. Age 27. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years. Private Co. H;
discharged 13 Nov. '62, at Hopewell Gap, Va.
Clark, John A. Age 21. E. S. 7 Mar. '65. i year; Private Co. K;
M. O. II July '65.
Clark, Norman. Age 51. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; dis-
charged 27 Aug. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Clark, William F. Age 22. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 4 June '62, by order of War Department.
Clawson, Andrew W. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 7 Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Clemens, John. Age 18. E. S. 12 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. B
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Cline, John. Age 24. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D; drafted
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Clinton, William. Age 21. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 21 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Cloffinger, Samuel. Age 44. E. S. 5 Dec. '61; Private Co. D; dis-
charged 17 Dec. '61, by order of War Department.
Cloninger, Philip. Age 21. E. S. 6 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Close, Frederick. Age 18. E. S. 20 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 12 Oct. '64, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Close, Levi. Age 18. E. S. 23 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; M. O.
2 Jan. '65, on expiration of term of service.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 297
Clowe, Hamilton. Age 18. E. S. 24 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Cobb, Elliott A. Age 19. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Coffey, Thomas. Age 19. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart-
ment.
CoFFMAN, Michael S. Age 38. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private
Co. E; M. O. 15 June '65, at Trenton, N. J., by order of War Depart-
ment.
Cole, Elisha. Age 18. E. S. 7 Dec. '61; 3 years; Private Co. I; pro-
moted to Corporal i July '62; to Sergeant i Sept. '62; transferred to Co. D,
6th Vet. Res. Corps, 4 Nov. '63.
Cole, Erwin R. Age 25. E. S. 10 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Cole, Francis M. Age 21. E. S. 26 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
died 15 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Cole, William H. Age 25. E. S. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal; wounded 28 July '64, at Atlanta, Ga.; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Coleman, Howard M. Age 26. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 25 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Collier, William. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; died 23 Feb. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
COLLINGWOOD, George. Age 20. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. D; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted to
Sergeant; killed 22 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Veteran.
COMPTON, Henry J. Age 25. E. S. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 19 Jan. '65, at Cincinnati, O., for wounds received 15 May '64,
in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Cone, William H. Age 24. E. S. 28 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal; absent without leave after 8 July '62.
Conger, John B. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Conger, William B. Age 26. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. H; discharged 19 Sept. '62, at AnnapoHs, Md.
Conner, John. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment
Cook, James F. Age 20. E. S. 24 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Cooper, Barna. Age 31. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. D;
discharged 26 Sept. '62, at Mount Pleasant Hospital Washington, D. C, on
surgeon's certificate of disability.
agS TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Cooper, Samuel. Age 26. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull
Run, Va.; discharged 19 Feb. '63.
CoppiNS, John. Age 24. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;died
28 July '64, in hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn. Veteran.
CORATHERS, WiLLiAM. Age i8. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; deserted 20 Jan. '62.
CoRBiN, Thomas B. Age 44. E. S. 20 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
CoRNELY, Nicholas. Age 17. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
CoRSER, Alonzo. Age 18. E. S. 11 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal i Jan. '64; promoted to Sergeant i Mar. '65; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Coss, Harvey A. Age 20. E. S. 6 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 22 June '65, at Dennison Hospital, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran.
CouLTRiP, William. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expira-
tion of term of service.
Counterman, Nelson H. Age 25. E.S.27 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Courtney, Robert G. Age 21. E. S. 13 Oct. '64. i year; Private
Co. E; drafted; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C.
M. O. 9 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Cover, D. M. V. B. Age 27. E. S. 4 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65.
Cowell, William. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; transferred to Co. H, 7th
Vet. Res. Corps, 12 Jan. '64.
CowLES, John G. W. Age 25. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Chaplain;
resigned 7 Aug. '62.
CoWLES, Milton N. Age 22. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal ; captured 8 May '62, at battle of McDowell, Va.;
exchanged; wounded in action 24 June '64; M. O. 29 Oct. '64, at Hospital,
Camp Dennison, O., on expiration of term of service.
CowPE, John. Age 30. E. S. 4 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; promoted to ist Sergeant
I May '64; killed 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga. Veteran.
Cox, Samuel. Age 24. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Coxley, Joseph. Age s^. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 299
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., 2 May '63; discharged 18 May '63, at Wash-
ington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Crabb, Charles. Age 18. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
no further record found.
Cram, James. Age 42. E. S. 15 Sept. '62. 3 years. Private Co. H
died 29 May '64, in hospital at Dallas, Ga.
Cramer, Adam. Age 34. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. B
promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle at Averas-
borough, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Cramer, Adam L. Age 27. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. B; promoted to ist Sergeant i Jan. '64; wounded 22 June '64,
in action near Marietta, Ga.; discharged 14 Feb. '65, at JefTersonville, Ind.,
on surgeon's certificate of disability. Veteran.
Cramer, Ephraim L. Age 30. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; died 2 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Cramer, Jacob. Age 45. E. S. 25 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 20 Apr. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Cranston, Arthur. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. C. 16 Oct. '6i; resigned 16 Mar. '62; Cadet West Point
Academy; 2d Lieutenant 4th Artillery 17 June '67; ist Lieutenant 30 Nov. '71
killed 26 Apr. '73, in action with Modoc Indians, Lava Beds, California.
Crapo, William F. Age 21. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 13 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Crater, Abraham. Age 22. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
died 31 May '64, in Field Hospital, of wounds received 15 May '64, in battle
of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Crater, John. Age 20. E. S. i Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G
captured while foraging, in 1864; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by
order of War Department.
Craun, Willl\m D. Age 20. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64; killed 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough.
N. C. Veteran.
Craun, William J. Age 30. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; private Co. F
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; died 11 Mar. '64, at Nashville, Tenn.
Crawford, Hebbard. Age 18. E. S. 25 Dec. '6i. 3 years; Private
Co. K; discharged 23 Feb. '63, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Crawford, William H. Age 26. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; killed 15 May 64, in battle of Resaca,
Ga. Veteran. ^.
Crockett, Milton. Age 39. E. S. 8 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 3 June '65, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
Crockett, Nelson. Age 36. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
300 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
l^romoted to 2d Lieutenant Co. B 16 July '62; wounded 30 Aug. '62, at Bull
Run, Va.; resigned 4 Apr. '63.
Cromwell, Willlam. Age 21. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; discharged 22 Dec. '62, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in battle of
Bull Run, Va.
Crosby, Henry W. Age 20. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Sergeant 31 Dec. '61; died 27 May '64, of wounds received 15 May
'64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Cross, Marion G. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Crum, Frederick A. Age 27. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; killed 26 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Veteran.
Cryder, William H. Age 33. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Wagoner
Co. A; died 26 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
Curry, Albert P. Age 28. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
transferred to 93d Co., 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Curry, George W. Age 20. E. S. 3 Sept. '62. 3 years; Musician Co. A
M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
CusiCK, Thomas. Age 39. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
transferred to Co. D, 14th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 July '63.
Daha, Sebastian. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 31 Jan. '63, at Columbus, O., for wounds received 30 Aug. '62,
in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Daly, John. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. B; sub-
stitute; M. O. II July '65.
Dancer, Nathan. Age 23. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. I;
died 12 July '62, at Baltimore, Md.
Davenport, Francis. Age 40. E. S. 14 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; wounded and captured 2d May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.;
discharged 16 Jan. '65, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Davis, Francis. Age 19. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 27 Sept. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Davis, Martin L. Age 44. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Davis, Thomas. Age 24. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 18 Mar. '64, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Davis, Willard J. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Day, Joseph L. Age 20. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 10 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Day, Minor L. Age 21. E. S. 7 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Department. Veteran-
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 30I
Deaver, Charles. Age 32. E. S. 11 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. D
substitute; M. O 11 July '65.
Decker, Francis. Age 19. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 12 Jan. '65, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Degarmer, Jerome. Age 23. E. S. Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment.
Deits, Lemuel. Age 34. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Wasliington, D. C, by order of War Department
Deitrich, George. Age 22. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Dejean, Cyrenus. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H
discharged 19 Jan. '64, for wounds received 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellors
ville, Va.; leg amputated.
Dejean, Parker. Age 17. E. S. 14 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H
discharged 13 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Delaney, Willlui. Age 42. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
died 14 Feb. '63, at Washington, D. C.
Denis, Valentine. Age 20. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. II July '65.
Denis, Valentine. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 16 Oct. '62, at Washington, D. C, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62
in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Dennis, David. Age 37. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C
drafted; M. O. 19 July '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment.
Dennis, Joseph A. Age 18. E. S. 21 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. I
substitute; M. O. 11 July 65.
De Puy, Isaac. Age 20. E. S. 8 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I:
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville. Va.; promoted to Sergeant
I Jan. '64; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
De Puy, Joseph A. Age 18. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Dev.\ult, Wesley. Age 30. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B
drafted; died 14 Feb. '65, near Hook's Farm, S. C.
DEViTEES, Jesse. Age 30. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. H
captured 15 Sept. '63, at Bristoe, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term
of service.
De Wolf, Daniel F. Age 37. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Regimental
Adjutant; promoted to Major 25 Nov. '61; resigned 2 Oct. '62.
DiELMAN, John. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at McDougall General Hospital, N. Y., by order
of War Department.
302 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
DiEMER, Peter. Age 20. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; discharged 11 July '65, by order of War Department.
DiLDiNE, John H. W. Age 20. E. S. g'jOct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Benton ville, N. C; died 22 May '65, at
Portsmouth Grove, R. I. Veteran.
Dill, Peter. Age 43. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. H; drafted;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
DiMiCK, Albert J. Age 23. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
promoted to Sergeant 30 Sept. '61; reduced to ranks; wounded 20 July '64, in
battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term
of service.
Dippery, Isaac. Age 19. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; private Co. K
captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; promoted
to Corporal 19 Jan. '64; wounded 19 June '64, at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.
promoted to Sergeant 2 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Dippery, William. Age 30. E. S. i Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K
no further record found.
Disinger, Samuel. Age i8. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; private Co. B
promoted to Corporal 7 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Ditto, Adam. Age 25. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; killed
12 Mar. '65, near Fayetteville, N. C. Veteran.
Dobney, Richard. Age 26. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
discharged 12 Jan. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Dodge, Calvin. Age 29. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
captured 8 Aug. '62, at Luray, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran
Dodge, Luther. Age 36. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Dodge, Reuben. Age 27. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
captured 8 Aug. '62, at Luray, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran
DOEBLER, Samuel P. Age 18. E. S. 23 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
captured 8 Aug. '62, at Luray, Va.; exchanged; wounded i Apr. '65, at Mag
nolia, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department
Veteran.
DoKE, Isaac J. Age 23. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
transferred i Feb. '64, to 147th Co. 2d Battallion Vet. Res. Corps.
DoKE, Leonard. Age 18. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Dole, Henry S. Age 18. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 30 July '62, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
Doll, George. Age 35. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
died I Sept. '62, at Alexandria, Va.
Doll, Noah. Age 21. E. S. 20 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. F; dis
charged 20 Apr. '62, by order of War Department.
Dolph, DeWitt C. Age 25. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 3*^3
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
DoNELSON, William. Age 36. E. S. 15 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
substitute; M. O. 7 July '65, at Tripler Hospital, Columbus, O., by order of
War Department.
Donnelly, Matthew. Age 28. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Donnelly, Matthew. Age 28. E. S. 14 Nov. '63. 3 years; Private
Co. D; promoted to Corporal i May '65; discharged 7 June '65, at CampDenni-
son, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Doolittle, Luther W Age 42. E. S. 12 July '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Doran, James. Age 23. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 20 June '64, near Marietta, Ga.; wounded 20 July '64, at battle of
Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Doughty, James. Age 20. E. S. 20 Dec. '61. 3 years. Private Co. E;
died 22 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
DouRiAN, William. Age 31. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 4 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Downs, George A.. Age 27. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; M. O. i Jan. '65, on expira-
tion of term of service.
Downs, James. Age 22. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G; M. O.
I Jan. '65, on expiration of term of service.
Drake, Charles G. Age 21. E. S. 26 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 8 Nov. '64; M. O. 9 June '65, by order of War
Department.
Drake, Francis M. Age 24. E. S. 10 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. A;
substitute; wounded 16 Mar. '65; at Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 8 June '65,
by order of War Department.
Dreskell, William M. Age 19. E. S. as Principal Musician 4 Oct. '61;
3 years; M. O. by order of War Department 13 Feb. '63.
Drury, Albert. Age 36. E.S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. C; drafted;
discharged 19 Dec. '64, by order of War Department.
DuDROW, Charles D. Age 20. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
DuDROW, Lewis D. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
died 4 Nov. '63, at Cumberland, Md.
DuESLER, John J. Age 26. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged '4 Aug. '63, for wounds received in action at Chancellorsville; right
arm amputated.
DuESLER, Miles. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
304 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
appointed Sergeant lo Jan. '63; died 3 June '63, at Annapolis, Md., of wounds
received May 2, '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
DUNLAP, Benjamin. Age 22>. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
DuNLAP, Edward. Age 22. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Dunn, William S. Age 24. E. S. 9 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
DuRFEE, Homer A. Age 18. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died II Sept. '62, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received in battle of Bull
Run, Va., 30 Aug. '62.
Dutcher, Robert J. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
captured 9 Dec. '64, near Savannah, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
D WIRE, William J. Age 18. E. S. 15 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 31 May '64, of wounds received 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Earp, Joseph. Age 26. E. S. 16 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B; M. O.
II July '65.
Eastman, Randolph. Age 25. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. H 24 Oct. '61; resigned 23 Dec. '62.
EcKHART, Uriah M. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Edgington, Clark. Age 20. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged Sept. '62, at Fairfax Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Edgington, Willlam H. Age 22. E. S. 10 Feb. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Edwards, Francis M. Age 31. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of
Bentonville, N. C; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War
Department. Veteran.
Edwards, William F. Age 28. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years. Private
Co. F; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
EiSEMAN, George. Age 43. E. S. 18 Nov. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Eldredge, Benjamin F. Age 32. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. A 30 Sept. '61; promoted to Captain Co. A 2 Oct. '62; re-
signed Dec. 28, '63.
Ellis, Henry C. Age 20. E. S. 25 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 8 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 305
Emmons, Aldin. Age 20. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. . 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal ; died 19 July '62, at Baltimore, Md.
Emrick, Peter. Age 22. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; captured 26 Nov. '64; no further record found.
Engrave, Augustus. Age 30. E. S. 28Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 15 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
EscHMAN, John. Age 42. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; discharged 22 May '65, at Savannah, Ga., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Evans, Benjamin F. Age 22. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co I 7 Dec. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant r Jan. '63; to Sergeant
Major I May '63; to 2d Lieutenant Co. I 8 May '63; to ist Lieutenant Co. B
1 April '64; to Captain Co. C 24 April '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Everett, Alfred I. Age 19. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
EwiNG, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
returned to first enlistment in 7 2d Ohio Volunteer Infantry 23 Dec. '61.
Falkner, Abraham D. Age 28. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Farenbaugh, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; promoted to Corporal 16 Jan. '64; to Sergeant i May '65; captured
2 May '63 in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Farenbaugh, William. Age 22. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Farnsworth, Burton. Age 25. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; discharged 13 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Farnsworth, Edward. Age 19. E. S. n Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Farnsworth, Marcus. Age 20. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. E; died i Sept. '64, at Chattanooga, Tenn.
Farr, Haskell. Age 18. E. S. 6 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 19 Nov. '63, at Gettysburg, Pa., of wounds received in battle 2 July '63.
Farran, John. Age 38. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. B; sub-
stitute; M. O. II July '65.
Fauble, Cyrus. Age 28. E. S. 21 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. ri July '65.
Fay, Henry J. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 6 Jan. '65; captured 8 May '62, in battle of McDowell,
W. Va.; exchanged; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
3o6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Fay, Wesley C. Age i8. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to Co. G, 12th Vet. Res. Corps, 20 May '64.
Fefifer, John. Age 33. E. S. 10 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E: sub-
stitute; M. O. II July '65.
Fell, Henry J. Age 21. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 9 June '65, by order of War Department.
Fell, Nicholas. Age 18. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
missing 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville; no further record found.
Ferguson, Herman R. Age 15. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. Musician Co. G;
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Ferguson, John. Age 37. E. S- 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 14 Feb. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Fetterman, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Fewson, John. Age 29. E. S. 17 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; M. O.
9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order] of War Department. Veteran.
Fewson, Robert. Age 23. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Sergeant 7 Dec. '61; reduced to ranks 17 June '64; promoted to
Sergeant 8 July '64; to ist Sergeant i Aug. '64; captured 19 Mar. '65, in bat-
tle of Bentonville, N. C; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order
of War Department. Veteran.
FiLSON, Taylor. Age 19. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Fink, John. Age 18. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B; pro-
moted to Corporal i Jan. '64; captured while scouting 24 Feb. '64, in South
Carolina; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran.
Fisher, John J. Age 28. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
transferred to 84th Co. 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps 2 June '64.
Fisher, Joseph. Age 42. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 30 April '62; M. O. 11 July '65
Veteran.
Fisher, William H. Age 18. E. S. 9 Aug. '62. 3 years. Private Co. G
killed 23 Nov. '63, in battle near Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Fitzcharles, Jacob. Age 21. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Flannegan, Israel. Age 22. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
transferred to 6ist Ohio Volunteer Infantry i July '62.
Fleaharty, John L. Age 22. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of
term of service.
Fleig, Frederick. Age 27. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65 at Washington, D. C., by order of War Department.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 307
Flinchbaugh, Sampson B. Age 23. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years. Pri-
vate Co. F; discharged 18 Aug. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Florence, Charles. Age 2,3- E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Foote, George W. Age 19. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; M. O. 9 July '63, for vyounds received in
action.
Ford, Lyman T. Age 25. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal Co. A 30 Sept. '61; promoted to Sergeant ; captured
30 Aug. '62, at battle of Bull Run; exchanged; wounded 16 Mar. '65, at
Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Ford, Martin J. Age 21. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal i Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Ford, Ozias. Age 31. E. S. 11 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
killed 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Ford, Wallace R. Age 20. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, by order of War Department, at Washington, D. C.
FoRNVi^ALT, Peter. Age 33. E. S. 11 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 8 Oct. '62, at Munson's Hill, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Forster, Return B. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; wounded 4 Aug. '64, near Atlanta, Ga.; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps
13 Mar. '65; M. O. 18 July '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Depart-
ment. Veteran.
Fortner, Peter. Age 41. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B
drafted; died 17 Dec. '64, at Savannah, Ga.
FotiNTAiN, John. Age 30. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
deserted 20 Jan. '62.
Fox, Henry. Age 32. E. S. 20 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E; drafted
died 25 Dec. '64, at Savannah, Ga.
Fox, Robert. Age 24. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 6 Oct. '62, at Centerville, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Fox, Thomas B. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
wounded 19 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Francis, David. Age 24. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Bentonville, N. C; died 22 Mar. '65.
Francis, Nelson. Age 23. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Franklin, Arthur. Age 25. E. S. 23 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 10 Jan. '63; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellors-
ville, Va.
3o8
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
E. S. 12 Oct. '6i. 3 years; Private Co. I;
E. S. lo Dec. '6i. 3 years; Private Co. I;
E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
year; Private Co. H
Franklin, Edmttnd. Age 23.
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Franklin, Jerome. Age 30.
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Franklin, Warren V. Age 19.
Co. I; M. O. II Jan. '65. Veteran.
Frazey, Guy S. Age 24. E. S. 26 Sept. '64.
substitute; on detached service as telegraph operator at Chattanooga, Tenn.
M. O. II July '65, by order of War Department.
Frech, John. .\ge 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I; drafted
killed 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Bentonville, N. C.
Freeman, Henry. Age 32. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
discharged 28 Feb. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability, at Brooke Station
Va.
Freeman, John. Age 18. E. S. 24 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. B
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Freese, Abraham. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
discharged 20 May '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
French, Edward. Age 35. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
French
drafted; M
ment.
French, Thomas E. Age 36. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; discharged 15 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Friesner, Eli. Age 37. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; died 19 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Fronce, Jacob. Age 22. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; captured 5 Mar. '65,
at Wadesborough, N. C; M. O. 23 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order
of War Department. Veteran.
Fry, John P. Age 24. E. S. 29 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I; M. O.
9 June '65, by order of War Department, at Washington, D. C.
Fulk, Abraham. Age 28. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 25 Oct. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
FtJLKERSON, Benjamin F. Age 18. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; appointed Corporal ; died 31 Mar. '65, in burning of steamer
" General Lyon," off coast of North CaroHna. Veteran.
Fuller, Jehiel H. Age 35. E. S. 4 Dec. '62. 3 years; Private, un-
assigned; no further record found.
Fuller, Oscar F. Age 30. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 3 Jan. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of [dis-
ability.
Miles. Age 41
O. 9 June '65, c
E. S. 30 Sept.
Washington, D,
'64. I year; Private Co. F;
C, by order of War Depart-
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 309
Gage, Albert. Age 36. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; pro-
moted to Sergeant 7 Dec. '61; discharged i Sept. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on
surgeon's certificate of disability.
Gaible, Nicholas. Age 28. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Gains, Bondy B. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
died 8 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Gale, Charles. Age 20. E. S. 19 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service-
Gale, Francis. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
discharged 24 Nov. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Gale, George H. Age 19. E. S. 19 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 18 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Gale, Henry. Age 24. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 23 Apr. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Gallop, James H. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. G 14 Dec. '61; to ist Sergeant 11 Jan. '63; to Sergeant-Major
9 Apr. '64; to ist Lieutenant and Adjutant 19 Aug. '64; to Captain Co. E.
24 Apr. '65; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Gambee, Charles B. Age 34. E. S. 12 Sept. '61. 3 years; Captain
Co. A 30 Sept. '61; promoted to Major 2d Oct. '62; to Lieutenant-Colonel
4 March '63; to Colonel 8 May '63; killed in battle of Resaca, Ga., 15 May
'64; buried at Bellevue, O.
Gants, Hiram. Age 23. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
died 14 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Ganitng, Charles E. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Garber, Samuel. Age 42. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B.
Garder, James. Age 24. E. S. 25 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G;
substitute.
Gardner, Henry. Age — . E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years;
M. O. by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Gardner, Robert R Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; M. O. ; Veteran.
Garfield, Edgar J. Age 30. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 15 May '62, near Franklin, W. Va.; exchanged; discharged 31 Dec. '62,
at Annapolis, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Gatchel, Jacob. Age 22. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; discharged 25 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station,
Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Gatchell, John B. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
3IO TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
promoted to Corporal ro Oct. '6i; wounded in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.,
3 July '63; promoted to ist Sergeant i Jan. '64; reduced to ranks i Mar. '64;
absent; clerk in hospital; discharged 15 Aug. '65, at Lookout Mountain,
Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of disability. Veteran.
Gates, David. Age 18. E. S. i Oct. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. E; died
21 Mar. '65, of wounds received in battle of Bentonville, N. C, 19 Mar. '65.
Veteran.
Gear, William R. Age 27. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. B; died 29 Sept. '62, in hospital at Annapolis, Md.
Gearing, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged Aug. — '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
George, John H. Age 30. E. S. 20 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Gibson, William A. Age 40. E. S. 13 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. II July '65.
Gilbert, John W. Age 20. E. S. 31 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Giles, William M. Age 25. E. S. 31 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 20 May, '65, at McDougall Hospital, N. Y., by order of War Depart-
ment.
Gllliland, David. Age 30. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run,
Va.
Gilliland, Edward. Age 34. E. S. 29 Dec. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. II July '65.
Gilliland, Madison. Age 22. E. S. 21 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; promoted to Corporal ; M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term
of ser\ice.
Gittinger, John D. Age 18. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Gittinger, William H. Age 20. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Gleason, John. Age 19. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
captured 28 Mar. '65, near Goldsborough, N. C; paroled; M. O. 27 June '65,
at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Goble, Jacob. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 28 Oct. '64; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War
Department. Veteran.
Godfrey, Charles C. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; discharged 9 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Golden, Addison. Age 30. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 311
wounded '20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; promoted to
Corporal 26 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Golden, Seth. Age 18. E. S. 19 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree' Creek, Ga.; discharged 20 May
'65, at Savannah, Ga., by order of War Department.
Golespie, David. Age 27. E. S. 20 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; died 26 May '65, at David's Island, N. Y.
Good, John. Age 18. E. S. 2 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; no
further record found.
GOODELL, Btjrdett. Age 18. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Goodell, George B. Age 42. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician
Co. A; reduced to ranks; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Gooden, William. Age 25. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
GOODSON, Wllliam H. Age 20. E. S. 26 Sept. '61; 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 22 July '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Gordon, Gilbert. Age 26. E. S. 8 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
captured 18 Nov. '64, near Atlanta, Ga.; M. O. 24 May '65, at Columbus, O.,
on expiration of term of service.
GoTTiER, Christian. Age 30. E. S. 5 Nov. '61. 3'years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Gould, Ozro B. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Sergeant 14 Dec. '61; to ist Sergeant i Jan. '63; to 2d Lieutenant
4 Apr. '63; wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville,
Va.; paroled and exchanged; promoted to ist Lieutenant 19 Mar. '64; to
Captain 26 Sept. '64; commanded Co. D, 16 Sept. to Oct. 31, '64; Co. E from
I Jan. to 16 Mar. '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Graffman, Adolph. Age 27. E. S. 15 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Graham, Arthur A. Age 23. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant
Co. H; transferred to Co. B, 2d Vet. Res. Corps, 16 Sept. '63.
Graham, Butler. Age 18. E. S. 4 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 9 Mar. '64, in Lookout Valley, Tenn.
Gray, Josiah. Age 21. E. S. 29 Dec. '63. 3 years; Private, unassigned;
transferred to Co. F, 14th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
Green, David. Age 24. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
absent without leave.
Green, Ebenezer B. Age 36. E. S. 19 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; died 27 July '64, at
Big Shanty, Ga. Veteran.
312 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Green, John G. Age 23. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Green, Richard. Age 37. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Green, Wilbert L. Age 21. E. S. 13 Jan. '62. 3 years. Mustered in
as Wilbert Gunn; Private Co. C; wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree
Creek, Ga; M. O. 14 Jan. '65, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Gregory, Myrum. Age 17. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 28 Dec. *6i; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull
Run, Va.; captured 28 Sept. '64; M. O. 20" May '65,"by order of War Depart-
ment. Veteran.
Griffith, Charles. Age :^t,. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Griffith, James W. Age 21. E. S. 15 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H
transferred to 148th Co. Vet. Res. Corps, 22 Jan. '64.
Grim, John B. Age 38. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Grove, Manasseh. Age 24. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Grubb, John. Age 42. E. S. 8 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; dis
charged 19 July '64, at Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Gruesbeck, Perry. Age 21. E. S. i Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. II July '65.
Gruntich, Jacob. Age 22. E. S. 15 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K
wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; transferred to 125th Co.
2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 18 Dec. '63.
Gxjarlach, Christian. Age 41. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private
Co. H; drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War
Department.
GuNDER, Harrison D. Age 26. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; discharged 6 Dec. '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Guthrie, Hugh. Age 35. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal ; captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville,
Va.; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Hackenbarger, Simon. Age 19. E. S. i6 0ct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Hadley, George. Age 19. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Haines, Eli. Age 24. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. i year; drafted; Private Co. D;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Halbedol, John. Age 19. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 2 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 313
Haler, Charles. Age 19. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
killed 25 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Halstead, John. Age :i^. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 13 Jan. '65, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Hamilton, Joseph G. Age 20. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private
Co. C; drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at McDougall General Hospital, N. Y.,
by order of War Department.
Hamilton, Robert. Age 24. E. S. 12 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, by order of War Department.
Hammond, Jacob. Age 44. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
substitute; M. O. 2 June '65, at Camp Dermison, O., by order of War Depart-
ment.
Hanford, Henry C. Age 18. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 8 Mar. '63, at Stafford Court House, Ya.., by order of War
Department.
Hankins, John J. Age 22. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Hannerott, John. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
killed 12 Aug. '64, in action near Atlanta, Ga. Veteran.
Hanson, William J. Age 22. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
captured 27 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va.; paroled.
Harkcom, George. Age 33. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Harland, James M. Age 28. E. S 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; transferred to Co. B, ist Vet. Res. Corps, 15 Aug. '63.
Harley, John D. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 21 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Harley, William. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant 16 Mar. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Harmon, George. Age 19. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Harpham, William. Age 25. E. S. 4 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Harrington, Samuel. Age 25. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; captured 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 19 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Harris, Benjamin. Age 29. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
missing 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Harris, Darius C. Age 35. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 20 Dec. '64, at Hospital, Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certifi-
cate of disability. Veteran.
Harris, Edward G. Age 24. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
314 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
discharged 20 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Harris, John. Age 27. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 25 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Harris, Rutus R. Age 19. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Harris, Thomas J. Age x8. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 4 Jan. '64, at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Harris, William. Age 18. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 7 Dec. '62, at Fairfax Station, Va.
Hart, Charles. Age 23. E. S. 31 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 16 Feb. '63, at Washington, D. C.
Harter, Joseph. Age 25. E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '6x. 3 years; M. O
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Hartman, Andrew. Age 18. E. S. 28 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Staflford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Hartman, William. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; transferred to i2Sth
Co., 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 18 Dec. '63.
Hartney, James. Age 19. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant 28 Oct. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Hartnick, Michael. Age 21. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; wrounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Benton-
ville, N. C; M. O. 25 July '65, at Columbus, O. Veteran.
Hassinger, Wllliam H. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. A 30 Sept. '61; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville,
Va.; promoted to ist Sergeant 14 Sept. '63; to Sergeant-Major 17 Dec. '64; to
ist Lieutenant Co. A 18 Jan. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hawk, George W. Age 28. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63; in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; promoted to
Corporal i May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hawk, James. Age 18. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G; dis-
charged 23 Oct. '62, at York, Pa., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Hay, John. Age 20. E. S. 12 Oct. '64. i year; substitute; Private
Co. A; M. O. II July '65.
Hayward, Henry J. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal ; wounded 16 Mar. '65, at Averasborough, N. C;
discharged 17 June '65, at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor, on surgeon's cer-
tificate of disability. Veteran.
Haywood, Edward. Age 34. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 3^5
promoted to Sergeant 21 Nov. '61; discharged 10 Dec. '62, at Stafiford Court
House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Headley, James A. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 28 May '63, at Annapolis, Md., of wounds received 2 May '63, in battle
of Chancellorsville, Va.
Hebble, Joseph. Age 41. E. S. 13 Feb. '64. 3 years; Asst. Surgeon;
promoted to Surgeon i Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Heffron, Henry. Age 19. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 20 July '64; to Sergeant i May '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Helfer, George. Age 37. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Heminger, Alonzo L. Age 19. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; promoted to Corporal 8 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hennecy, Michael. Age 18. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; transfeixed to 78th Co.
2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 19 Oct. '63.
Henney, S.amtjel. Age 24. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 7 June '64, at Louisville, Ky., of wounds received 15 May '64, in battle
of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Henney, Henry C. Age 23. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A:
M. O. July II '65. Veteran.
Henry, James. Age 28. E. S. 23 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Henry, John. Age 23. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F:
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 16 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Herring, Daniel. Age 23. E. S 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. A
captured 27 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va.; died 25 July '62, in Rebel prison
at Lynchburg, Va.
Hess, Henry C. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville. Va.; M. O. 8 June '65, at
Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability. Veteran.
Hess, Henry H. Age 45. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
captured 8 May '62, at battle of McDowell, Va.; died 29 July '62, at Lynch-
burg, Va.
Hesser, Andrew. Age 17. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Hevelone, Sylvester. Age 19. E. S. 19 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. July 11 '65.
Hewett, Joseph H. Age — . E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged .
Hice, Christian. .\ge 28. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; died 25 Feb. '65, in hospital at Savannah, Ga.
3l6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Hill, Andrew J. Age 26. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 29 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Hill, Henry C. Age 20. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 29 May '65, at De Camp Hospital, N. Y., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Hill, Loren C. Age 30. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 8 May '64, in battle of Buzzard Roost, Ga.; M. O. 23 July '65, at
Johnson's Island, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
HiNCHY, Edward. Age 18. E. S. 29 Nov. '6i. 3 years; Private Co. H;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsvillc, Va.
Hoffman, James M. Age 21. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C-, by order of War Department.
Hold EM an, Joseph. .A.ge 24. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. H;
drafted; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Bentonville, N. C; M. O. 11 July
'65, by order of War Department.
Hollinger, Charles. Age 19. E. S. 19 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. F; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; discharged
19 July 65, at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor.
HoLLis, Lucius. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
no further record.
Hollister, Edwin H. Age 53. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged 3 Sept. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Hollister, Jay. Age 18. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
died 20 Sept. '63.
HOLLOWAY, George W. Age 20. E. S. 8 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. D; M. O. II July '65.
Holmes, Edwin. Age 26. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. H;
captured and paroled near Front Royal, Va., 10 July '62; discharged 14 Oct. '62,
at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
HoLOBAUGH, Jacob. Age 28. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; discharged Dec. '62, at Baltimore, Md.,
on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Holt, James C. Age 18. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 20 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
HOLTZ, Clay. Age 19. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years. Private Co. H;
captured 27 May '62, near FrankHn, W. Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration
of term of service.
Hood, Edwin T. Age 22. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; discharged 17 Feb. '65.
Veteran.
Hoofnagle, Henry J. Age 25. E. S. 22 July '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; transferred to Co. F, 17th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 317
HOOFNAGLE, Samuel. Age 25. E. S. 22 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
transferred to Co. C; 24th Vet. Res. Corps, 21 Jan. '64.
Hooper, Sidney. Age 20. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 10 Apr. '62, at Grafton, W. \'a., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Hoot, Augustus. Age 28. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Hoover, Joseph. Age 36. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; died 29 June '64, of
wounds received 27 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain. Veteran.
Hopkins, Randolph. Age 19. E. S. 5 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 7 July '65, at Chattanooga, Tenn,, by order of War Department.
Hopkins, Romain C. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G ;
promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61; to Sergeant ; killed 15 May '64, in
battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
HOPPAS, Asa. Age 18. E. S. 27 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
w^ounded 25 May '64, near New Hope Church, Ga.; discharged 24 May '65,
at Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, Ga., by order of War Department.
HOPVV^OOD, Henry. Age 20. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; discharged 11 July '65,
at Columbus, O. Veteran.
Horn, John. Age 32. E. S. 17 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; M. O
21 Dec. '64, on expiration of tenn of service.
Horner, John. Age 28. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Horr, Hlram K. Age 26. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
mustered in as Wm. K. Horr; no record found.
Horton, Charles H. Age 16. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant i Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
HosLER, Thomas S. Age 21. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. K; promoted to Sergeant 10 Jan. '63; captured 2 May '63, at battle of
Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; promoted to ist Sergeant i Sept. '64; to Ser-
geant Major 20 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hosterman, Joshua. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C.
HOTCHKINS, Edward. Age 18. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E.; discharged 26 Dec. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
HoTCHKiss, George. Age 18. E. S. i Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 27 Aug. '62, at Fort McHenry, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Howard, Theophilus. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
3i8 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Co. A; discharged 26 Nov. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
HowARTH, George. Age 18. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
transferred to 6th U. S. Cavalry 10 Nov. '62.
HoYLES, John. Age 33. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; M. O.
6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Hubbard, Albert M. Age 27. V.. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; ist Ser-
geant Co. H; discharged 25 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certifi-
cate of disability.
HuEY, Samuel. Age 37. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Huff, Curtis. Age 21. E. S. 23 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; dis-
charged 20 Aug. '63, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Huffman, Henry. Age 19. E. S. 2 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. II July '65.
Hull, Francis H. Age 23. E. S. 10 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of 'Gettysburg, Pa.; promoted to Corporal
I Nov. 64; M. O. 30 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Depart-
ment.
Hull, Otho H. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61; to Sergeant i Sept. '64; wounded 16 Mar. '65,
in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hull, Sylvester. Age 21. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Hungerford, Zadok M. Age 42. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; discharged 10 Sept. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Hunt, Edward M. Age 21. E. S. 21 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I;
killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Hunt, Frank M. Age 24. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 5 Jan. '62; to Sergeant 10 May '63; transferred to
Co. I 17th Vet. Res. Corps i Nov. '63.
Hunt, Theodore. Age 35. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3' years; Corporal Co. B;
discharged 2 Jan. '63, at Providence, R. I., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Hurlbut, Charles L. Age 21. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant 8 June '65; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
HuSTED, Evelyn E. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant i Nov. '64; wounded
16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; died 10 Apr. '65, at Golds-
borough, N. C. Veteran.
HuSTED, Henry W. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville Va.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 319
HUTCHENS, WiLLETT. Age 26. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Hutchinson, John. Age 29. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. H
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
HuTTER, Charles. .Age 22. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
died 23 Jan. '63, in hospital at Alexandria, Va.
Hyde, William. .\ge 21. E. S. 23 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
died 18 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Hyler, Frank H. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
died I Sept. '64, at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received in battle of Resaca, Ga.,
15 May '64. Veteran.
Jackson, WiLLi.'^ti H. Age 23. E. S. 25 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G;
substitute; no further record found.
Jacobs, Samuel. Age 21. E. S. 24 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
substitute; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O.
9 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Jager, William. Age 20. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal ; discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court
House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
James, Henry C. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. Private Co. A; no fur-
ther record foimd.
James, John A. Age 18. E. S. 6 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Jameson, Melville. Age x8. E. S. 10 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 21 June '64, near Cassville, Ga.; discharged i Nov. '64, at Camp
Dennison, O. Veteran.
Jarrett, William. Age 25. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 7 Mar. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Jeffers, Thomas. Age 39. E. S. 13 Oct. '64. r year; Private Co. H;
substitute; in hospital at Bentonville, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65, by order of
War Department.
Jefferson, David E. Age 20. E. S. 17. Sept '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to loist Co. 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps 28 Nov. '63.
Jefferson, George E. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; died 10 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Jenkins, William. Age 20. E. S. 24 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 10 May '63; wounded 15 May '64, at Resaca, Ga.;
M. O. 19 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
JocOY, RoLLiN. Age 18. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; died
30 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va. ■
Johnson, Albert. Age 36. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
320 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Johnson, Francis A. Age 21. E. S. 18 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Johnson, Hiram M. Age 26. E. S. 24 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Johnson, Oliver B. Age 24. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va., and 2 May '63, in battle of
Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted to Corporal r Jan. '64; to Sergeant i Nov. '64;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Johnson, William. Age 24. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Johnson, Willlam. Age 19. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Jones, Dexter R. Age 24. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged i Nov. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Jones, Edwin E. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '6x. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 22 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Jones, Harrison. Age 21. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 30 Dec. '61, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Jones, James P. Age 27. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed Ser-
geant Co. D; promoted to 2d Lieutenant 12 Feb. '63; captured 2 July '63,
at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 12 Mar. '65.
Jones, John A. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; reduced to ranks; wounded 22 June '64,
near Marietta, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Jones, William. Age 40. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
JxiMP, Ira S. Age 30. E. S. 20 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; wounded
15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; transferred to Co. F, i6th Vet. Res.
Corps, 23 Jan. '65. Veteran.
Jupp, Francis L. Age 18. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 10 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Kanable, Thomas. Age 19. E. S. 29 Dec. '63. 3 years; Private, un-
assigned; transferred to Co. F, 14th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
Karchner, William H. Age 24. E. S. i Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Kaup, Ai F. Age 19. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Kaup, John T. Age 22. E. S. as Principal Musician 4 Oct. '6r. 3 years;
M. O. 19 Aug. '61, by order of War Department.
Kavanagh, Michael. Age 29. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; no further record found.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 321
Kay, Joseph. Age 37. E. S. 2 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private, unassigned
transferred to Co. B., 14th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
Keckler, JoSHtTA. Age 28. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
no further record found.
Keeler, Alonzo. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
promoted to Corporal i Oct. '62; to Sergeant i Jan. '64; wounded 20 July '64
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Keeler, Alonzo B. Age 24. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; promoted
to Corporal i Nov. '64; to Sergeant i May '65; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp
Dennison, O., by order War Department. Veteran.
Keeler, Clarence L. Age 17. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years. Private Co. D;
killed 7 June '62, by accidental discharge of pistol, at Moorefield, W. Va.
Keeran, Willl\m. Age 27. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
drafted; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; discharged
13 May '65, at McDougall Hospital, N. Y., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Keesey, William A. Age 18. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 11 Dec. '62, at Fairfax Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Kehrwoker, John. Age 38. E. S. 14 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. 22 May '65, at Madison, Ind., by order of War Department.
Kelble, Hugh. Age 14. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Kelble, Xavier. Age 37. E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; M. O.
by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Keller, Jacob. Age 30. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Keller, John. Age 39. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Keller, John. Age 26. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Keller, Philip J. Age 26. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. 26 Oct. '64, at Atlanta, Ga., on expiration of term of service.
Kelley, Eleazer F. Age 24. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 15 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Kelley, Wallace C. Age 18. E. S. i Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Kellogg, Bradford N. Age 24. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; reduced to ranks; M. O. 16 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Kellogg, Henry M. Age 21. E. S. 5 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G ;
M. O. 29 May '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
322 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Kellogg, Lvman. Age 41. E. S. 26 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. I June '65, at U. S. General Hospital, Parkersburg, W. Va., by order
of War Department.
Kemphere, Samuel. Age — . E. S. 27 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G ;
M. O. II July '65.
Kennedy, Alexander. Age 21. E. S. 11 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. D; killed 22 June '64, in action near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.
Kent, George W. Age 44. E. S. 23 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
transferred to 65th Co., 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 9 Oct. '63.
Kessler, William W. Age 19. E. S. 14 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. 19 May '65, by order of War Department.
Kieffer, Peter H. Age 20. E. S. 20 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
KiME, J.AMES M. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
King, Giles. Age 38. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; pro-
moted to Sergeant 31 Dec. '61; transferred to Co. D, 14th Vet. Res. Corps,
31 July '63.
King, Henry C. Age 30. E. S. 4 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 19 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
King, John L. Age ^^. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Kinney, Martin. Age — . E. S. 25 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 18 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate offdis-
ability.
Kinney, Sylvester. Age iS. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 2 Dec. '62, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
KiNSEY, Samuel. Age 32. E. S. 4 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. H, 5th Regiment. Vet. Res. Corps; wounded 20 July '64, in
battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 7 Aug. '65, at Indianapolis, Ind., by
order of War Department.
Kirkman, William. Age 36. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
KiRKWOOD, Evan A. Age 28. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant
Co. B; discharged 12 Feb. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Kittle, Charles T. T. Age 18. E. S. 19 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. II July '65.
Kittle, James A. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Kline, Barna M. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. 26 Sept. '64, at Chattanooga, Tenn., on expiration of term of service.
Kline, Clark M. Age 18. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 323
promoted to Corporal i June '64; to Sergeant 31 Dec. '64; discharged 15 June '65,
at Fairfax Seminary, Va. Veteran.
Kline, Jesse. Age 21. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; M. O.
29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Kline, John. Age 21. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O. by
order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Klinefelter, Joseph. Age 38. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Kling, Jay. Age 33. E. S. 3 Oct. '61. 3 years; Surgeon; M. O. 12 Oct.
'64, on expiration of term of service.
Klotjr, Henry. Age 21. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 29 Aug. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Knapp, Brundage. Age 21. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 12 Aug. '62, at Frederick, Md.
Knapp, Gustave. Age 36. E. S. 13 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. D;
detached as armorer at Chattanooga, Tenn., since i Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65,
at Columbus, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
KN.A.PP, Jairus. Age 23. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis-
charged 20 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Kn.-vpp, Joel. Age 29. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis-
charged 15 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Knowles, Philip F. Age 39. E. S. 10 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
transferred to Co. I, 5th Vet. Res. Corps, 3 Aug. '64.
Kooken, Jefferson. Age 41. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 20 Sept. '62, at Fort McHenry,''Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Kotterman, Levi. Age 27. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
died 27 Sept. '62, of wounds received 30'Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Kramer, William H. Age 22. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Sergeant; vs^ounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Kuhlman, Samuel. Age 22. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.H;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
KuNCi, Frederick A. Age 42. E. S. 17 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 19 July '65, at
Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
KuNKLE, John E. AgeT22. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Sergeant Co. A 30 Sept. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant 7 Jan. '63;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps 14 Sept. '63.
KuNKLE, Thomas A. Age 24. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran.
Kyner, Samuel. Age 38. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. K;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
324 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
La Bauti, William. Age 38. E. S. 13 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Lambert, Mahlon. Age 22. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Sergeant-Major 25 Oct. '61; discharged 23 Dec. '62, on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
Lambright, Isaac. Age 19. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
(lied 3 Sept. '62, at Frederick, Md.
Lambright, John F. Age 22. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant 16 May '64; wounded 16 Mar
'65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 29 June '65, at David's Island,
N. Y. Harbor; commissioned 2d Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered. Veteran
Lane, Joseph W. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Lane, Samuel. Age 44. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
discharged 23 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Lanning, James. Age 18. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Lapham, Amaza. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G:
died 6 Aug. '62, at Frederick, Md.
Lapham, Charles O. Age 30. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Larkins, James H. Age 19. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 20 June '64, near Cassville, Ga.; M. O. on expiration of term of
service.
Latimer, George. Age 43. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 21 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disa-
bility.
Lathrop, Philetus C. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; appointed Corporal i Sept. '62; promoted to Sergeant-Major i July '63;
to 2d Lieutenant Co. A, i Apr. '64; to ist Lieutenant 8 May '64; not mustered;
wounded 22 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; discharged 27
Oct. '64, for wounds received in action. Veteran.
Laudenschlager, Martin. Age 22. E. S. 8 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 9 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Latjghlin, Patrick. Age 28. E. S. 15 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Wagoner
Co. F; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Laush, Enos. Age 44. E. S. 25 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
mustered in as Enos Larsh; transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps,
7 Oct. '63.
Laux, John. Age 30. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; no
further record found.
Law, William C. Age 21. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 20 Apr. '62, by order of War Department.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 325
Lawrence, Rufus W. Age 18. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; returned to first enlistment in 72d Ohio Volunteer Infantry 23 Dec. '61.
Lawson, Hubert T. Age 21. E. S. i July '62. 3 years; Private Co. I;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted to Corporal
1 Dec. '64; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Lawton, William W. Age 18. E. S. 2 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal i Mar. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Leather, Ezra. Age 40. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
drafted; died 25 Apr. '65, at New Berne, N. C, of wounds received 16 Mar. '65,
in battle of Averasborough, N. C.
Lee, Albion F. Age 18. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. II July '65.
Lee, Dwight. Age 16. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. I;
M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Lee, Ezr.\. Age 18. E. S. 20 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; pro-
moted to Corporal ; M. O. 20 Dec. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration
of term of service.
Lee, John C. Age 7,':^. E. S. 11 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed Major
24 Oct. '61; promoted to Colonel 28 Nov. '61; resigned 8 May '63; Colonel
of the 164th Ohio Volunteer Infantry 3 May '64; Brevet Brigadier General of
Volunteers 13 Mar. '65 for meritorious services in the field; M. O. 27 Aug. '64;
died 24 Mar. '91; buried at Tiffin, O.
Lehman, Gabriel. Age 44. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, at McDougall Hospital, N. Y., by order of War
Department.
Leiser, Daniel. Age 39. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
substitute; woimded at Silver Creek, N. C, 14 Mar. '65; left on field; no
further record found.
Leith, Francis M. Age 17. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; killed
2 Apr. '65, near Magnolia Station, S. C. Veter.\n.
Lenan, Frederick. Age 29. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart-
ment.
Lenox, George. Age 27. E. S. 15 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
substitute; captured 19 Nov. '64, near Madison, Ga.; died 29 Jan. '65, in Rebel
prison at Anderson^dlle, Ga.
Lewis, Daniel L. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 22 Dec. '62, at Philadelphia, Pa., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Lewis, James N. Age 32. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
326 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
LiNDLEY, Martin. Age 20. E. S. 17 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 21 Mar. '65, at hospital, Columbus, O., by order of War Depart-
ment.
Linn, Clarence. Age 20. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. H;
discharged 18 Mar. '64, at Ixjokout Valley, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Linn, James. Age 19. E. S. 25 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H; died
27 June '64, at Chattanooga, Tenn.
Little, Henry. Age 37. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 17 July '65, at Camp Cleveland, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran.
Livengood, Peter H. Age 33. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; discharged 20 Oct. '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Livensparger, Isaac. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.;
discharged 30 Apr. '64, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Livensparger, Phillp. Age 29. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Lloyd, Eugene D. Age 24. E. S. 14 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. II July '65.
LocKWOOD, Charles II. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; reduced to ranks; discharged 29
Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Long, Charles. Age 43. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged Mar. '6^, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Long, Walton E. Age 20. E. S. 27 Jan. '65. x year; Private Co. A;
M. O. II July '65.
Long, William A. Age 29. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. H. 30 Sept. '61; resigned 17 Aug. '62.
Long, Wh.liam H. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. C;
promoted to Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; discharged 22 Oct. '62, at , New Jersey.
LONGSTREET, THOMAS A. Age 26. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
LoTT, George. Age 23. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 14 Dec. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Love, Andrew. Age 21. E. S. 15 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 15 May '65, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Love, Henry C. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 7 Dec. '61; died 14 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Lowe, Charles C. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 11 July '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 327
Lowe, John R. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co, C;
promoted to Sergeant 4 Apr. '62; to ist Sergeant 17 July '62; to Sergeant-
Ma jor II Feb. '63; wounded 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; promoted
to 2d Lieutenant Co. B 19 Mar. '64; to Captain Co. H 27 June '64;
M. O. II July '65.
LowRY, Elan. Age 29. E. S. 19 Aug. '64. 3 years; Private Co. E; died
3 Oct. '64, at Atlanta, Ga.
LowRY, James H. Age 26. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
LUDWIG, Peter. Age 23. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged i Oct. '64, at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of disa-
bility. Veteran.
LuMAN, John. Age 19. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
re-enlisted in regular army 27 July '63.
LuMAN, William E. Age 24. E. S. 23 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Lynch, Owen. Age 30. E. S. 9 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D; killed
2 May '62,, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
McBeth, James. Age 28. E. S. 20 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
McClary, Charles. Age 30. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
McConahy, Joseph. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 20 July, '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
McCoNNELL, James S. Age 15. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; discharged 25 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
McCoNNELL, James S. Age 18. E. S. 29 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. I; M. O. II July '65.
McCoNNELL, Joseph. Age 42. E.S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted to Corporal
I Jan. '64; M. O. 18 July '65, by order of War Department, at Milwaukee,
Wis. Veteran.
McCord, Alonzo. Age 18. E. S. 9 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 14 Mar. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
McCoRMicK, David. Age a'l. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. .'V
appointed Corporal ; reduced to ranks; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
McCoy, Aaron. Age 20. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran.
McFarland, Edward. Age 22. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; no further record found.
328 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
McFarland, Edward E. Age 21. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; died 17 May '64, of wounds received 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
McFarland, Willi.\m J. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged
I Sept. '63; promoted to Corporal i Sept. '64; to Sergeant 27 Mar. '65; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
McGee, William C. Age 24. E. S. 7 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
McGlone, Hiram W. Age 23. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 7 Dec. '62; reduced to ranks 5 Jan. '62; discharged
3 July '65, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disabihty.
McGrady, James. Age 18. E. S. 8 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 22 Feb. '62, by accidental discharge of gun at Grafton, W. Va.; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
McGucKiN, David. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 6 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
McGtJCKiN, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61 3 years; Private Co. C;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
McKenzie, Robert. Age 35. E. S. 16 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. 1;
discharged 7 Sept. '62, at Centreville, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Mackin, Mathias. Age 23. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. II July '65.
Mackin, Thaddeus. Age 22. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
McLaughlln, John. Age 26. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on ex-
piration of term of service.
McMorris, John T. Age 35 E. S. 2 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 9 Oct. '63, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
abihty.
McMorris, Joseph. Age 21. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; died 4 Feb. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
McNamara, William J. Age 21. E. S. 11 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. G; transferred to iS2d Co., 2d Battahon, Vet. Res. Corps, 30 Jan. '64.
Mah AN, William P. Age 22. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
discharged 19 Mar. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disabihty.
Malay, David. Age 23. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Marquot, Peter. Age 21. E. S. 10 Aug. '62. 3 years, Private Co. K
killed 9 Nov. '63, at Lookout Mountain, Tenn., by explosion of a shell.
Martin, Frank M. Age 32. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years. Regimental
Adjutant; promoted to Captain Co. F 10 Mar. '63; resigned 6 June '63.
Martin, John. Age 40. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B; killed
30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 329
Martin, John B. Age 37. E. S. 6 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 11 July '65.
Martin, John K. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Sergeant ; discharged 31 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va., by
order of War Department.
Martin, Levi. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. F, 17th Vet Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Martin, Melkiah. Age 36. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Masters, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 23 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. II July '65.
Mathis, Charles R. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 10 Dec. '62, at Fairfax, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Mauch, Anthony. Age 31. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
transferred to 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Maurer, Albert. Age 18. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 22 May '64, at Camp Dennison, O., for wounds received in action;
leg amputated.
Maxwell, Richard. Age 29. E. S. 25 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
May, George T. Age 21. E. S. 4 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Mears, James R. Age 34. E. S. 25 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 7 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Mears, John. Age — . E. S. 25 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 7 Oct. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Melroy, Oliver. Age 19. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
captured 15 Sept. '63, at Bristoe, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term
of service.
Merrtfield, Thomas J. Age 23. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; discharged g Jan. '64, at Lookout Valley, Tenn., on surgeon's certifi-
cate of disability.
Mesnard, Eri. Age 20. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; to Sergeant i May '63; wounded 2 May '63,
in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; killed 22 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw
Mountain, Ga. Veteran.
Mesnard, Lewis. Age 23. E. S. 24 Oct. '61 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 9 Aug. '62, at Freeman's Ford, Va.; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp
Dennison, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Mesnard, Luther B. Age 23. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. D; wounded 2d July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; promoted
33° TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
to ist Sergeant i Jan. '64; to Captain Co. B, 25th Ohio Volunteer InTantrj',
18 Mar. '64. Veteran.
Messenger, Billy N. Age 40. E. S. i Nov. '61. 3 years; Musician
Co. C; discharged 3 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability, at Bahi-
more, Md.
Messer, Thomas. Age 41. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, by order of War Department.
Metzgar, Amos. Age 18. E. S. . 3 years; Private Co. G; captured
2 May '63, at battle of Chanceliorsville, Va.; exchanged i Sept. '63; wounded
20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; discharged , for wounds
received 3 Mar. '65. Veteran.
Michael, Malachi. Age 41. E. S. 11 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 30 Oct. '63.
Michaels, George W. Age 25. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Midlam, Oscar W. Age 23. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Millen, James G. Age 21. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
promoted to Commissary Sergeant i Oct. '61; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps
14 Sept. '63.
Miller, Aretas. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Miller, Conrad. Age 45. E. S. 11 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; to Sergeant ; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Miller, George. Age 40. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at New York, by order of War Department.
Miller, Henry. Age 26. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chanceliorsville, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Miller, Henry W. Age 45. E. S. 11 Oct. '61. 3 years; appointed ist
Lieutenant Co. K 21 Nov. '61; promoted to Captain Co. C 12 Feb. '63
wounded 15 May '64, at Resaca, Ga.; resigned 28 Sept. '64.
Miller, John. Age 19. E. S. 5 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65.
Miller, John W. Age 18. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H
wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Bentonville, N. C; M. O. 16 June '65, at
Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Miller, Richard. Age 22. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Miller, Sylvester M. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Sergeant Co. B; discharged 28 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 33 1
Miller, Theodore. Age 35. E. S. 24 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 5 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Miller, Thomas W. E. S. 24 Aug. '63. 3 years; ist Lieutenant Co. F;
transferred to Co. £31 Mar. '64; appointed Adjutant i Apr. '64; transferred
to Co. C 2 Sept. '64; M. O. 4 Jan. '65, on expiration of term of service.
Miller, William E. Age 20. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; promoted to Sergeant Co. A i Jan. '64; wounded 16 Mar. '65, at
Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 11 Jan. '65. Veteran.
Miller, William Henry. Age 18. E. S. 27 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; promoted to Corporal ; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
MiLLis, William R. Age 32. E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years
M. O. by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Mills, John. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C; drafted:
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Mills, Wilmot A. Age 18. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G
wounded 23 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.; M. O. 9 June '65
at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Minor, Daniel I. Age 30. E. S. 4 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I
discharged 19 Apr. '64, at Lookout Valley, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Minus, George W. Age 19. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
drowned 14 Apr. '62, at Moorefield, W. Va., while on duty.
MiRRER, John. Age 33. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Mitchell, Jacob. Age 23. E. S. 24 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
MoHN, John B. Age 24. E. S. 2 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal i Mar. '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
MoHR, Mandes. Age 21. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
died 14 July '63, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 2 May '63, in
battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Moore, Benjamin F. Age 19. E. S. 27 Jan. '65. i year; Private Co. A;
M. O. II July '65.
Moore, Henry H. Age 23. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
promoted to ist Sergeant Co. A 30 Sept. '61; to Sergeant-Major i Jan. '62; 2d
Lieutenant Co. A 23 Dec. '62; ist Lieutenant Co. D 1 June '64; to Captain
Co. E 27 June '64; resigned 15 Jan. '65.
Moore, J.'VMES C. Age 21. E. S. 30 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
wounded 2 May '63, at Chancellorsville, Va.; transferred to 69th Co., 2d Bat-
talion, Vet. Res. Corps, 7 Oct. '63.
Moore, Luther J. Age 30. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. 1;
discharged 11 Dec. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
332 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Morris, Elias. Age 34. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Wagoner Co. K;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Morse, Edwin S. Age 26. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellors-
ville, Va; reduced to ranks i Mar. '65; M. O. 19 July '65, at Camp Cleveland,
O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Morse, Francis H. .^ge ^t,. E. S. 26 Nov. '61. 3 years; 2d Lieutenant
Co. E; promoted to ist Lieutenant 23 Dec. '62; wounded 2 May '63, in battle
of Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted to Captain 19 Mar. '64; resigned 22 Apr. '64.
Moser, William. Age 24. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 4 Feb. 'ot,-
Motley, George H. Age 18. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Mover, John. Age 20. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Mulholand, Albert C. Age 18. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. i year; Private
Co. F; substitute; died 18 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
MuNGER, Cilarles. Age 19. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
MuNSON, Helsel P. Age 22. E. S. 22 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 9 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Murray, Andrew C. Age 25. E. S. 3 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. I Nov. '64, at Camp Dennison, O., on expiration of term of service.
Myer, Jacob. Age 23. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; pro-
moted to Corporal 9 June '65; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Myer, John. Age 44. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C; M. O.
II July '65.
Myer, John R. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
killed 3 June '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Myer, Nicholas. Age 31. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Myers, Albert. Age 27. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Myers, Benjamin F. Age 32. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Myers, George. Age 21. E. S. 22 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
transferred to 6ist Ohio Volunteer Infantry i July '62.
Myers, James C. Age 28. E. S. 25 Jan. '65. 3 years; Asst. Surgeon;
M. O. II July '65.
Myers, John. Age 44. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 333
discharged 23 Oct. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Myers, John R. Age 22. E. S. 10 Oct. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Myers, Matthias. Age 44. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 5 July '65, at Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., by order
of War Department.
Negele, William. Age 26. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
promoted to Corporal ; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
discharged 27 Aug. '63, at Columbus, O.
Neidig, Valentine. Age 37 E. S. 23 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Neman, Herman F. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61; killed 3 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run
Va.
Nelson, James. Age 39. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment.
Nelson, Samuel. Age 31. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. D
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Newberry, Thomas. Age 50. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
discharged 22 Apr. '62, near Moorefield, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Nicholas, Nelson H. Age 28. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; promoted to ist Sergeant 7 Dec. '61; discharged i Jan. '63, by order
of War Department.
Nichols, Azenia A. .\ge 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
appointed to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant i May '65; wounded 22 June '64,
near Marietta, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Nichols, Fr.aj^cis M. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal i May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
NiGHSVi'ANDER, ANDREW. Age i8. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps 5 Nov. '64; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp
Dennison, O. Veteran.
NiGHSWANDER, MARTIN. Agc 20. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 vears; Corporal
Co. B; promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of
Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 3 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart-
ment. Veteran.
NiGHSWANDER, ROBERT. Age 18. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
NiLEs, Albert G. Age i8. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
captured 30 Oct. '64; discharged 20 May '65, at Columbus, O., by order of
War Department.
334 TRIALS AMD TRIUMPHS
NiTZ, John. Age 29. E. S. 18 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K; M. O.
9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Noah, John. Age 18. E. S. 26 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A; trans-
ferred from Co. F Dec. '62; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by
order of War Department.
NoisoT, John. Age 25. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
NORRIS, John H. Age 24. E. S. 31 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 27 May '64, of wounds received in battle of Resaca, Ga., 15 May '64.
NoRRis, Thomas. Age 39. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
substitute; M. O. 2 June '65, by order of War Department.
Norton, Rufus. Age 45. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 9 June '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
NORTRIP, William H. Age 33. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; discharged 11 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Null, James J. Age 18. E. S. 8 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
wounded 20 July '64, at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 24 July '65, at
Columbus, O., by order of the War Department.
Nus, Conrad. Age 45. E. S. 22 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at StafJord Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Nye, Benjamin F. Age 38. E. S. 11 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Nygh, Adam R. Age 19. E. S. 21 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Oaks, Jacob S. Age 28. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged April '63, at Fort Schuyler, N. Y., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Oberholtzer, Samuel W. Age 33. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. G; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; leg amputated;
transferred to 120th Co., 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 15 Dec. '63.
Olds, Gilbert O. Age 18. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal ; transferred to Co. I, 12th Vet. Res. Corps,
20 May '64.
Olds, Hubert B. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 6 Aug. '64, at Atlanta, Ga.; promoted to Corporal 27 Mar. '65;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
O'Leary, Thomas. Age 26. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. C 16 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant 4 April '62; to 2d Lieu-
tenant 17 July '62; to ist Lieutenant 6 Mar. '63; resigned 28 Dec. '63.
Olens, Charles. Age 22. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
transferred to 5th U. S. Cavalry 26 Nov. '63.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 335
Opher, Henry. Age 20. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
Icilled 3 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Opher, Henry, Jr. Age 23. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 2 July '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Osborn, Asa F. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal i Sept. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Osborn, Hartwell. Age 21. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. I 7 Dec. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant Co. H 12 Feb. '63;
wounded and captured]2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
promoted to Captain Co. B 4 Aug. '63; commissioned Major 4 June '65, not
mustered; M. O. 11 July '65.
Osborn, Jason H. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Osborn, Jerome. Age 18. E. S. 27 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal i July '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Osborn, Joseph E. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 23 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge, I^Tenn.; M. O. 11 July '65-
Veteran.
Osborn, Williston. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 6 Oct. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Orwig, George W. Age 21. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
captured 3 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; M. O.
24 July '65, at Columbus, O. Veteran.
Osier, Cyrus M. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 6 Feb. '63, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Ostien, John. Age 20. E. S. 27 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal ; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle at Bull Rim, Va.
Otis, Robert. Age 23. E. S. 2 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A; died
29 Oct. '64, at Chattanooga, Tenn.
Otterbecker, John. Age 18. E. S. 28 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
wounded 20 June '64, at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; discharged 22 Aug. '64, at
Camp Dennison, O., for wounds received in action; arm amputated.
Otto, Peter. Age 26. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 29 May '63, at Brooke Station, Va., of wounds received 2 May '63, in
battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Overman, Frederick. Age 19. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. i year; Private
Co. C; substitute; died 6 Apr. '65, at Geer House General Hospital, Wilming-
ton, N. C.
Owen, Emory. Age 18. E. S. i Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Owen, Russell S. Age 18. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 3 Jan. '62; to Sergeant i Aug. '63; wounded 25 May '64,
in battle of New Hope Church, Ga.; M. O. 18 Nov. '64, on expiration of term
of service.
336 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Paine, Clinton. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Palmer, George P. Age 22. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal i Dec. '62; captured 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg,
Pa.; promoted to Sergeant 22 June '64; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of
term of service.
Palmer, Mark C. Age 22. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. 62, by order of War Department.
Palmer, Van Buren. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; captured 17 July '63, at Aldie, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration
of term of service.
Park, David W. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 4 May '63, while prisoner of war, of wounds received 2 May '63, in battle
of Chancellorsville, \^a.
Parks, William M. Age 25. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 27 Oct. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Parmenter, Francis M. Age 18. E. S. 14 July '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
Parmenter, Harvey D. Age 31. E. S. 14 July '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; captured May 2 '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va., exchanged;
M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of the War Department.
Parsons, Burton H. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; captured 2 May '63, at battle of
Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged i Sept. '63; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Patrick, Richard F. Age 35. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; promoted to ist Lieutenant 7 Dec. '61; resigned 11 June '63.
Patterson, John P. Age 21. E. S. i Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
died 6 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Patterson, Nathaniel. Age 22. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; transferred 7 Oct. '63 to 69th Co. 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps.
Patterson, Wilson. Age 25. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B:
discharged 30 Sept. '62, at Centreville, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Paxton, Milton. Age 36. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I
drafted M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Pease, Anson. Age 18. E. S. 10 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Pease, Benjamin. Age 18. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
captured 30 Oct. '64; exchanged; M. O. 20 June '65. Veteran.
Peck, Albert E. Age 21. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed 2d Lieu-
tenant Co. E 24 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 21 Nov. '61; to Captain
Co. H 6 Mar. '63; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Peck, Alpheus J. Age 21. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 20 July '64; ist Sergeant
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 337
22 May '64; commissioned 2d Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Peck, Chauncey T. Age 24. E. S. 12 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 30 Apr. '63; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Peck, Cyrenitjs A. Age 19. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 12 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Peck, Ira O. Age 21. E. S. 10 Nov. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. E; pro-
moted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.,
on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Peck, Lewis. Age 30. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
promoted to Sergeant 3 Oct. '62; to ist Sergeant 2 May '63; to Quartermaster
Sergeant i Sept. '64; to ist Lieutenant Co. I 21 Sept. '64; honorable discharge
15 May '65. Veteran.
Peightal, John. Age 25. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Pelton, Henry J. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Corporal Co. B; promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant i Oct. '64;
to Quartermaster Sergeant 7 June '65; commissioned ist Lieutenant 10 July '65,
not mustered; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Pence, John. Age 28. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; M. O.
16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Penfield, William C. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. D; promoted to Sergeant 2 Oct. '62; to ist Sergeant i Sept. '64; M. O.
19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Pennington, Robert C. Age 44. E. S. 22 Aug. '61. 3 years; Regi-
mental Quartermaster; resigned 23 July '62.
Perdew, Jackson V. Age 28. E. S. i Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. II July '65.
Perkey, Benjamin F. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; discharged 26 Jan. '63, at New York City, on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Perkey, Lewis. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal i May '63; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Veteran.
Perrin, Walter R. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal i Dec. '62; transferred to Co. E, 9th Vet. Res. Corps
16 July '63.
Persing, Henry W. Age 31. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. C 16 Oct. '61; Captain 6 June '63; Captain and Assistant
Quartermaster of Volunteers 3 July '63; M. O. 13 Mar. '66; died 22
June '70.
Petit, Thomas T. Age 32. E. S. 15 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Commissary Sergeant 16 Feb. '63; to ist Lieutenant Co. F,
25 July '64; M. O. II July '65.
338 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Phillips, George W. Age 25. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E
drafted; M. O. 26 June '65, by order of War Department.
Phillips, John. Age 21. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. x year; Private Co. D
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, at Albany, N. Y., by order of War Department.
Phillips, Joseph. Age 26. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F
drafted; M. O. 10 July '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
PXFER, George W. Age 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. II July '65.
Pike, Dorxjs. Age 19. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; dis
charged 27 May '62, at Petersburg, W. Va., on'surgeon's certificate of disability
PiNNEY, Henry C. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
transferred to 114th Co., 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 9 Dec. '63.
PiNNEY, Jackson N. Age 26. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
transferred to 84th Co., 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps, 8 Mar. '64.
PiSEL, Jeremiah. Age 25. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Pixley, Francis A. Age 20. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A
died 28 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
Pixley, Peter A. Age 24. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A,
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of jChancellorsville, Va.; discharged 19 Dec. '64
on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Plantz, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 21 July '63, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Plotts, John. Age 35. E. S. 21 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps i Mar. '64; M. O. 26 Jan. '66, to date 21 Aug. '64,
at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
Plue, George W. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 4 Sept. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Pollock, William E. Age 29. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Pool, Robert W. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; promoted to
2d Lieutenant Co. H 24 Oct. '61; to ist Lieutenant and Adjutant 3 Oct. '62;
to Captain Co. A, i Aug. '63; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.,
2 May '63, at Chancellorsville, Va., and 25 May '64, at Burnt Hickory, Ga.;
resigned 29 Aug. '64.
Porter, Abram. Age 28. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 31 May '65, at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor, by order of War
Department.
Portz, George. Age 18. E. S. 18 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 28 Dec. '63, at Lookout Valley, Tenn.
Post, Samuel. Age 59. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis-
charged 20 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Post, Sterling H. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 339
promoted to Corporal i June '64; to Sergeant i Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Potter, Daniel, Age 19. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 5 June '63, at Providence, R. I., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Potter, William W. Age 20. E. S. 4 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. T;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Columbus, O., for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in
battle of Bull Run, Va.
Potts, Sylvester. Aged 33. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. I year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Powell, Samitel P. Age 26. E. S.. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; discharged 23 May '65, at DeCamp Hospital, N. Y., on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
Powers, EnwaN H. Age 29. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. E 20 Dec. '61; transferred to Co. K 3 Mar. '64; promoted to
Lieutenant-Colonel 27 June '64; to Colonel 6 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65;
wounded at battle of Chancellorsville, Va., 2 May '64.
Pratt, George W. Age 44. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. E;
M. O. II July '65.
Pratt, George W. Age 34. E. S. 15 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 2 July '64, in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received 15 May '64.
in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Preble, Edward. Age 39. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. B;
transferred to 48th Co., 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 11 Sept. '63.
Preston, Hiram K. Age 45. E. S. 20 Oct. '6x. 3 years; ist Sergeant
Co. E; died 18 June '62, at New Creek, W. Va.
Preston, William W. Age 34. E. S. 24' Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G ;
substitute; died 26 Feb. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Preston, Willlam W. Age 34. E. S. 24 Oct. '64. i year; Private
Co. B; substitute.
Price, Edward. Age 20. E. S. 21 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Price, George B. Age 19. E. S. 27 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; died 31 Aug. '64, at Murfreesborough, Tenn.,
of wounds received in action. Veteran.
Price, George W. Age 18. E. S. 20 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. II July '65.
Price, Geo. W. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
died 18 Dec. '62, at Baltimore, Md.
Pronto, Benjamin. Age 20. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 13 Feb. '65; M. O. 21 June '65, at David's Island, N. Y., by order
of War Department. Veteran.
Pruden, Chari-es F. Age 18. E. S. 4 I^ec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
340 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
PUCHERT, Charles. Age 22. E. S. 14 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 13 Dec. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
PuGH, Moses. Age 18. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal i Nov. '62; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run,
Va.; promoted to Sergeant i Sept. '64; to ist Sergeant 26 June '65; com-
missioned 2d Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
PURDY, John C. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
QuACKENBtrSH, Alvarado. Age 21. E. S. 5 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Quackenbush, John. Age 19. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Ragon, George W. Age 19. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '65; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellors-
ville, Va., and 27 Aug. '64, at Turner's Ferry, Ga.; M. O. 9 June '65, at
Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Ragon, Henry H. Age 24. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. H;
promoted to 2d Lieutenant 3 Oct. '62; resigned 24 Mar. '63.
Ralston, Robert P. Age 27. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; died 11 July '62, at Sperryville, Va.
Ramsey, Robert. Age 25. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Rathbxjrn, Hiram L. Age 20. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; discharged 3 Jan. '64, at Lookout Valley, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate
of disabihty.
Rawson, Oscar. Age 20. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 4 Sept. '62, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in
battle of Bull Run, Va.
Ray, Frank. Age 20. E. S. 22 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 20 July '64,'in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; discharged 16 Mar '65,
at Fort Schuyler, N. Y.
Ray, Lewis. Age 18. E. S. i Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C; dis-
charged 3 Dec. '62, at Philadelphia, Pa., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Ream, Henry. Age 30. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 20 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Redding, Charles L. Age 22. E. S. 5 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 29 Sept. '64, at Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 341
Reed, Andrew. Age 20. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 28 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Reed, Isaac. Age 19. E. S. 5 Dec. '6i. 3 years; Private Co. H; wounded
20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Reimal, John. Age 18. E. S. 3 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Reiser, Frederick. Age 24. E. S. Oct. 17 '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. K, 21 Nov. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant i Jan. '64; to Com-
missary Sergeant i Sept. '64; to ist Lieutenant Co. B 20 Apr. '65; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Reisterer, Ludwig. Age 31. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 8 Oct. '63.
Remming, Peter. Age 28. E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; M. O.
19 Aug. '62 by order of War Department.
Reneaux, Anthony. Age 31. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D.
Reynolds, David C. Age 18. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal ; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Rhinebarger, Thomas. Age 20. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. II July '65.
Rice, Ambrose. Age 32. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Sergeant 31 Dec. '61; reduced to ranks; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in
battle of Bull Run, Va.; appointed Corporal i Nov. '64; reduced to ranks
I Jan. '65; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Richards, Alexander M. Age 25. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; discharged 16 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Richards, Edgar. Age 23. E. S. 20 Nov. '6i. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Richards, Zetus. Age 21. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 31 Dec. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Ricketson, Charles i . Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
RiKER, Jeremiah. Age 39. E. S. 17 Sept. '6x. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
discharged 19 Oct. '62, at Fairfax Seminary, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Riley, John. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. I year; Private Co. G; sub-
stitute; no further record found.
Riley, Silas P. Age 20. E. S. 3 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Rinebarger, George. Age 18. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Rinebarger, Leander. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
342 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
RiNKARD, John. Age 19. E. S. 23 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Riper, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co, E
M. O. II July '65.
RiTZ, George. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
discharged 10 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
RoBBiNS, Charles D. Age 25. E. S. 8 Oct. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. F 16 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 23 July '62; to
Captain 8 May '63; resigned 24 Mar. '64.
RoBBiNS, RuDOLPHTJS. Age 30. E. S. 8 Oct. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. K; promoted Captain 21 Nov. '61; to Major 8 May '63;
killed 15 May '64, at battle of Resaca, Ga.
ROBENALT, Andrew. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Roberts, Albert. Age 46. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 25 Oct. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Roberts, Lewis. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 19 May '65, at Grant General Hospital, N. Y., on surgeon's certifi-
cate of disability. Veteran.
Roberts, Luther. Age 24. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 7 July '65, from Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., by order
of War Department.
Roberts, William. Age 18. E. S. 21 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 10 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Robertson, John. Age 43. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps 30 Oct. '63.
Robinson, Benjamin C. Age 18. E. S. 24 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; transferred to Co. C,
6th Vet. Res. Corps 13 Mar. '65. Veteran.
Robinson, Horace. Age 37. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. G 20 Nov. '61; promoted to Captain 14 Dec. '61; wounded
and captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; died 10 May '63,
in Rebel prison at Lynchburg, Va.
Robinson, Jerome. Age 30. E. S. 21 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Robinson, Joseph S. Age 18. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 26 June '64, in hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds received
19 June '64, in action near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Veteran.
Robinson, William H. Age 34. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged 30 Sept. '63, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Robinson, William H. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 343
Co. G; transferred to 187th Co. ist Battalion Vet. Res. Corps 20 Sept. '64.
Veteran.
RODGEB, Jacob. Age 25. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 30 Sept. '62, at Frederick, Md.
RODGERS, William H. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61; to Sergeant '62; wounded
30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; discharged 20 July '64, to accept com-
mission in U. S. Colored Troops. Veteran.
Rogers, Daniel. Age 32. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Wagoner, Co. I;
discharged 12 July' 62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
ROMBO, Frederick. Age 31. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal ; reduced to ranks 26 Dec. '62; absent since
30 Aug. '62; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps.
Rook, William. Age 45. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. F;
promoted Sergeant i Jan. '64; M. O. 11 Jan. '65. Veteran.
Ross, Alexander M. Age 25. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; promoted to Corporal ; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull
Run, Va.; transferred to Co. D, 14th Vet. Res. Corps 31 July '63.
Ross, Charles. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. B; sub-
stitute; died 22 Nov. '64, at Nashville, Tenn.
Ross, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 26 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
transferred from Co. F, '62; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C.
Rowland, Jairus H. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted to Corporal
1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 18 Mar. '64; discharged 30 May '65, at Cleveland, O.,
on surgeon's certificate of disability. Veteran.
ROYCE, Abner. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 27 Oct. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
RUCH, George W. Age 25. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.G;
died 31 Aug. '62, at Clarysville, Md.
Ruckle, John. Age 21. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Rude, Levi. Age 23. E. S. 31 Dec. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D; no
further record.
Rumbacher, Lawrence. Age 36. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private
Co. H; drafted; M. O. June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War De-
partment.
Rumbaugh, James. Age 22. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellors-
ville, Va.
Rumbaugh, William J. Age 28. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; promoted to Corporal ; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellors-
ville, Va,
344 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Rumpel, John W. Age i8. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
RuMSEY, George. Age 38. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
RuNDEL, Marvin. Age 29. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 3 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
RtJNNER, Alfred G. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; discharged 25 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Runner, George W. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
died 18^ May '63, at Brooke Station, Va., of 'wounds received 2 May '63, in
battle of Chancellors ville, Va.
Runyan, Myron B. Age 18. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; discharged 26 June '65, for wounds received
19 Mar. '65, in battle of Bentonville, N. C. Veteran.
Russell, Edwin F. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to Co. A, 13th Vet. Res. Corps, 11 July '63.
RUTHER, Eugene. Age 18. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 21 Jan. '64, at Camp Dennison, O., for wounds received 2 May '63,
in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Ryan, John. Age 23. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged 22 Aug. '62, on surgeon's certificate
of disability, at Columbus, O.
Ryan, John. Age 37. E. S. 7 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. 1; dis-
charged 23 Dec. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Sabins, William. Age 33. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Saddoris, Elias. Age 37. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. H;
drafted; died 28 Feb. '65, in hospital at Savannah, Ga.
Safford, George H. Age 37. E. S. as Lieutenant-Colonel 11 Sept. '61.
3 vears; resigned 4 Mar. '63.
Saine, Baker. Age 44. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 2 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Saladin, Paul. Age 18. E. S. i Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 22 Nov. '64; M. O. 25 May '65, by order of War Department.
Saltman, John W. Age 21. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64;
to Sergeant i June '64; wounded 20 June '64, in action at Cassville, Ga.; M. O.
6 June '65, for wounds. Veteran.
Sampson, George M. Age 19. E. S. i Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. II July '65.
Sanford, Rodney E. Age 22. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. Private Co. I; pro-
moted to Sergeant 7 Dec. '61; died 14 June '62, at Petersburg, W. Va.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 345
Saxjx, John. Age 31. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; died
a6 July '62, in hospital at Baltimore, Md.
Satojders, Stephen L. Age 29. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; reduced to ranks ; wounded
9|Aug. '62 in battle of Cedar Mountain, Va.; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expira-
tion of term of service.
Sauter, Franklin J. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. B 10 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 16 July '62; to
Captain 4 April '63; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
ScHiFFLER, Michael. Age 20. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
SCHNORR, Leonard. Age 22. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
ScHOUTEN, Andrew B. Age 39. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private
Co. B; drafted; died 21 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
SCHUPP, John G. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 24 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Schuster, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
promoted to Corporal ; wounded 2 May '63 in battle of Chancellorsville,
Va., and 25 Nov. '63 in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.; M. O. 30 Sept. '64,
at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Scott, Robert R. Age 18. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; discharged 27 June '65
for wounds received in action 3 Aug. '64 Veteran.
Scott, Samuel. Age 33. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. II July '65.
Seaman, Charles S. Age 18. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; wounded 2 July '63, at Gettysburg, Pa.; M. 0. 11 Nov. '64, at Atlanta,
Ga., on expiration'of term of service.
Seaman, William B. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
promoted Corporal 8 Nov. '64; killed 19 Mar. '65, in battle of of Bentonville,
N. C. Veteran.
Seawalt, John. Age 18. E. S. 22 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H
killed 27 Aug. '64, at Turner's Ferry, Ga.
Seeley, James L. Age 20. E. S. 26 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D
died 8 Sept. '64, at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received in action Aug. '64
Seewald, Philip. Age 19. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Settes, Valentine. Age 24. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D
promoted to Corporal i July '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Sexton, Dempsey. Age 24. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Shamp, Jonathan L. Age 20. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; promoted to Corporal i Nov. '64; captured 5 Mar. '65, near Wades-
346 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
borough, N. C;' M. O. i6 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War
Department. Veteran.
Shaner, Adam J. Age 25. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co F;
promoted to Sergeant 8 Oct. '61; to ist Sergeant i Mar. '64; killed 15 May '64,
in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Shaner, John S. Age 24. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. F;
reduced to ranks ; discharged 2 Aug. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
Shannon, Andrew J. Age 22. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; wounded 16 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; discharged 29 Oct. '64,
at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Shapher, James H. Age 20. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
died Apr. — '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Sharp, Edward. Age 33. E. S. i Oct. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal i June '64; captured 28 Oct. '64, in action near Atlanta,
Ga.; perished by [explosion of steamer "Sultana" on| Mississippi River near
Memphis, Tenn., 27 Apr. '65. Veteran.
Shatjll, George W. Age 29. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; died 6 June '65, at New Berne, N. C.
Shayes, Edward E. Age 20. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal ; wounded 30 Aug. '62, at Bull Run, Va.; discharged
24 Nov. '64, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Shea, John. Age 33. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; cap-
tured near Atlanta, Ga., 29 Aug. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Sheets, John. Age 35. E. S. 20 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F; sub-
stitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at McDougall Hospital, N. Y., by order of War De-
partment.
Sheffield, Albert J. Age 19 E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Sheffield, William. E. Age 21. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged Dec. '62, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull
Run, Va.
Shell, Jonathan. Age 19. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 15 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; M. O. 11 Aug. '65,
by order of War Department. Veteran.
Sheller, Henry A. Age 32. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 5 Dec. '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Sheller, Solomon. Age 18. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; reduced to ranks 21 June '65; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Shelt, Samuel. Age 37. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. B;
discharged 12 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 347
Shemnotje, Henry. Age i8. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. Private Co. C; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Shepard, John. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Sherart, William E. Age 21. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Sherman, Gabriel. Age 44. E. S. i Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, at McDougall Hospital, N. Y., by order of War
Department.
Sherman, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Sherman, Eldredge. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; discharged 22 Jan. '64, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
Sherwood, William D. Age 39. E. S. 14 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. B 11 Oct. '61; resigned 21 Mar. '62.
Shesley, David. Age 19. E. S. 11 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Shetterly, Charles W. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant 15 May '64; to ist Ser-
geant 27 Mar. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Shetterly, James K. Age 18. E. S. 6 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washing-
ton, D. C, by order of War Department.
Shindorff, Joseph. Age 25. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; discharged 29 June '65,
at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor. Veteran.
Shinnen, Lewis. Age 38. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Shipman, Anthony. Age 39. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 21 Aug. '62, at Fort McHenry, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Shipman, Horatio N. Age 32. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. C 16 Oct. '61; resigned 10 Mar. '63.
Shoe, Joseph W. Age 44. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 23 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Shuler, Jacob. Age 44. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
transferred to Co. I 12th Vet. Res. Corps, 20 May '64.
Shtjlts, Conrad. Age 35. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
SH0MAKER, Jonas. Age 23. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
SiBBRELL, John M. Age 26. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 20 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62,
in battle of Bull Run, Va.
348 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
SiBOLD, Adolph. Age 25. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
killed 8 May '64, in battle of Buzzard Roost, Ga. Veteran.
SiCKiNGER, RiNEHART. Age i8. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; transferred to 93d Co. 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Simmons, Anthony A. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Sinclair, Sidney F. Age 28. E. S. 14 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged 22 July '62, at Columbus, O., on
surgeon's certificate of disability.
SiPHER, Frederick. Age 24. E. S. 18 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
SiSTY, James H. Age 43. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart-
ment.
SiSTY, William L. Age 27. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
drafted; died 28 May '65, at New York, of wounds received 19 Mar. '65, in
battle of Bentonville, N. C-
Sites, Corwin K. Age 18. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Skates, William. Age 18. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
no further record found.
Slattery, Fred. J. Age 24. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 5 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Slinker, James. Age 21. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Sloan, Rush R. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
died 8 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Slocum, Henry E. Age 27. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 20 Nov. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Smeltz, Conrad Age 26. E. S. 28 Oct. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G
drafted; M. O. 11 July '65.'
Smith, Alanson. Age 29. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D
drafted; M. O. 8 Jvme '65, at N. Y. City, by order of War Department.
Smith, Alfonso. Age 18. E. S. 25 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I
M. O. II July '65.
Smith, Ambrose D. Age 18. E. S. 15 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 12 July '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Smith, Asahel P. Age 31. E. S. 8 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
promoted to Hospital Steward i May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Smith, Charles H- Age 28. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Smith, Charles M. Age 24. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Sergeant Co. A 30 Sept. '61 (Color Sergeant); promoted to 2d Lieu
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 349
tenant Co. A 7 Aug. '62; to ist Lieutenant 16 Mar. '63; to Captain Co. I
9 May '64; wounded 15 May '64, at Resaca, Ga.; commanded detachment of
55th Ohio Volunteer Infantr}' at capture of Atlanta, Ga; M. O. 11 July '65.
Smith, Chauncey P. Age 19. E. S. 8 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K
discharged 4 Feb. '65, at Columbus, O., for wounds received 19 Aug. '64, in
battle of Atlanta, Ga.
Smith, David. Age 21. E. S. 23 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. 20 July '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Department.
Smith, Ell\s. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A:
M O. II July '65. Veteran.
Smith, George W. Age 18. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Smith. Giles F. Age 18. E- S. 30 Sept. '61 3 years; Private Co. G;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Smith, Horace. Age 19. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co E:
died 26 Feb. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Smith, Jacob. Age 40. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F:
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 30 Oct. '63.
Smith, Jedediah D. Age 20. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
promoted to Sergeant ; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
discharged 11 July '65, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty
Veteran.
Smith, Jefferson. Age 26. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
discharged 28 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
ability.
Smith, Jeremiah. Age 40. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 28 Jan. '63, at Philadelphia, Pa., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Smith, John A. Age 33. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Smith, Jonathan. Age 22. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; transferred to 125th Co
2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps, 18 Dec. '63.
Smith, Lemuel A. Age 41 E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
transferred to Co. G; died 7 Feb. '63, at Clarksfield, O.
Smith, Lloyd S. Age 20. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3'*years; Musician; M. O
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Smith, Martin O. Age 28. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; captured 30 Aug. '62, in second battle of
Bull Run, Va.; paroled ; no further record.
Smith, Moses H. Age 23. E. S. i8 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. II July '65.
Smith, Robert. Age 43. E. S. ii Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 19 Mar. '63, at Providence, R. I., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
35© TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Smith, Samuel. Age 24. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Smith, William. Age 21. E. S. 18 ,Dec. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. D; no further record found.
Smith, Willlam F. Age 21. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; reduced to ranks ; wounded 20 July '64,
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Smith, Willlam H. Age 20. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 30 Mar. '63. at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Sneath, Jesse. Age 24. E. S- 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 23 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va.
Snook, Levi. Age 25. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; no
further record found.
Snyder, Abram. Age 44. E. S. 21 Dec. '63. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 26 July '64, at Nashville, Tenn.
Snyder, Christian. Age 41. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. at Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., 7 July '65, by order
of War Department.
Snyder, Morgan. Age 23. E. S. 2 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. B
j)romoted Corporal 15 Nov. '64; M. O. 19 June '65, at Washington, D. C.
by order of War Department.
SoHN, Calvin S. Age 26. E. S. 16 Feb. '64 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65.
Sohn, James A. Age 20. E. S. 3 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K:
M. O. II July '65.
Sohn, Jerome V. Age 24. E. S. 4 Feb. '65. i year; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65.
Sohn, John. Age 31. E. S. i Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; killed
30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
SONCRANT, Joseph. Age 38. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 31 May, '65, at David's Island, New York Harbor, by order
of War Department.
SowARDS, James. Age 18. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 7 July '64, of wounds received 14 June '64, at battle of Kenesaw Moun-
tain, Ga. Veteran.
SowARDS, Wllliam. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. II July '61. Veteran.
Sowers, John E. Age 18. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Sowers, Uriah. Age 18. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F:
borne also on muster roll as Uriah Soiu"; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 351
Spapford, Thomas T. Age 18. E. S. 12 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. H; died 3 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
Sparks, Frank W. Age 20. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
appointed Corporal; wounded 25 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.;
reduced to ranks ; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, at Atlanta, Ga., on expiration of
term of service.
Spoon, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Spoon, Solomon. Age 29. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of servdce.
Spooner, Henry K. Age 24. E. S. 3 Oct. '61. 3 years; Asst. Surgeon;
promoted to Surgeon 6ist Ohio Volunteer Infantry 20 Nov. '63.
Spooner, Jesse M. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Sprotbury, John. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 14 Sept. '63, at Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Sprout, Jacob. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 16 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Sprout, Michael. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
died 24 May '63, at Brooke Station, Va., of wounds received in action.
Spurlock, Thomas. Age 21. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. G
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Spurrier, Dennis. Age 25. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
promoted to Corporal 25 May '62; wounded 3 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run
Va., and 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg; promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64
wounded 17 Aug. '64, near Atlanta, Ga.; died 3 Sept. '64, at Chattanooga,
Tenn. Veteran.
Squire, Justus. Age 43. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Wagoner Co. C;
reduced^ to ranks ; discharged 4 Oct. '62, at Centerville, Va.
Stacey, Charles. Age 19. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa. (received medal of honor
from War Department for meritorious sendee there); M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
Stackhouse, David. Age 33. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Stage, Daniel D. Age 22. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
died 20 Oct. '62, at Parkersburg, W. Va.
Stage, James H. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 18 June '64, in battle of Marietta, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Stanley, William B. Age 18. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Stark, Oren J. Age 35. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged 7 July '62, at Columbus, O., on
surgeon's certificate of disability.
352 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Starkey, William. Age i8. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Starks, Horace R. Age 22. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
promoted to Corporal 9 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Starks, Oein. Age 37. E. S. 10 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. II July '65.
Starks, Reed A. Age 18. E. S. 22 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H
wounded 12 July '64, in action at Chattahoochee River, Ga.; M. 0. 11 July '65
Starr, William K. Age 36. E. S. 13 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. D
wounded 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; promoted to Corporal
I July '65; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Stearns, Orrin. Age 20. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal i June '64; to ist Sergeant 8 July '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Stegman, William. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed ist Sergeant Co. A 17 Dec. '64; M. O. 26 May '65, by order of War
Department, at New York City. Veteran.
Steiger, Christian. Age 26. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Steinley, Anthony. Age 24. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted
to Corporal i Jan. '64; to Sergeant 11 Apr. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Sterling, Samuel. Age ^^. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. II July '65.
Sterner, Henry M. Age 26. E. S. 4 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 17 Apr. '63, at Cumberland, Md.
Stevens, Ellas. Age 27. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
discharged 23 Mar. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability, at Alexandria, Va.
Stevens, James M. Age 44. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. H 16 Oct. '61; promoted to Major 4 Mar. '63; to Lieutenant-
Colonel 8 May '63; wounded, 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.;
arm amputated ; resigned 25 May '64.
Stevens, John. Age 32. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged — July '62 on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Stevens, Reuben. Age 33. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 28 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
abihty.
Steward, George W. Age 18. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. H; died 14 July '63, of wounds received 4 July '63, in battle of Gettys-
burg, Pa.
Stewart, Alexander D. Age 22. E. S. 13 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; discharged 7 Jan. '63, at Stafiford Court House, Va., on surgeon's cer-
tificate of disability.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 353
Stewart, Nathan S. Age i8. E. S. 7 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Stille, Ernest. Age 28. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; killed 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C.
Stillman, Charles. Age 25. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; ist Sergeant
Co. D; promoted to 2d Lieutenant 2 Oct. '62; transferred to Co. F i June '63;
resigned 10 Mar. '64.
Stilson, George H. Age 18. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged 7 Aug. '62, on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Stinchcomb, John W. Age 18. E. S. 21 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. G; M. O. II July '65.
Stock, Christian. Age 25. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 18 July '63, at Philadelphia, Pa., of wounds received 2 May '63, in battle
of Chancellorsville, Va.
Stom, Samuel. Age 24. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
Stone, Charles M. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. G, 14 Dec, '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 4 Mar. '63; to
Captain 2 Apr. '64; killed 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C.
Stone, Elon A. Age 36. E. S- 7 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. 17 May '65, at Nashville, Tenn., by order of War Department.
Stone, John L. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps.
Stone, William M. Age 23. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62 by order of War Department.
Stoner, Jacob. Age 44. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Wagoner Co. G;
discharged 13 Oct. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Stotler, William. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. 0. 19'May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Stoutenour, John. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Stover, CharlesjA. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability.
Streeter, Charles B. Age 18. E. S. 5 Jan. '63. 3 years; Private
Co. D; M. O. II July '65.
Strodecamp, Benedict. Age 35. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private
Co. I; drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War
Department.
Strong, John F. M. Age 26. E. S. 12 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
354 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Strong, William L. Age 35. E. S. 12 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A
died 25 Mar. '65, at Green Springs, O.
Stuart, Robert M. Age 23. E. S. 23 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G
promoted to Corporal ; M. O. 24 Jan. '65, on expiration of term of service
Stuckey, John. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '64; i year; Private Co. I
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Stull, George W. Age 23. E. S. 23 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. H
transferred to Co. H 7th Vet. Res. Corps 12 Jan. '64.
Stump, James J. Age 32. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B
drafted; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O
19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Stuver, Alfred. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co B
transferred to Co. F 17th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Sulliger, Theodore W. Age 25. E. S. 27 Aug.' '62. 3 years; Private
Co. F; wounded 10 Aug. '64, in action near Atlanta, Ga.; discharged 27 June '65,
on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Sulliger, William R. H. Age 19. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. F; discharged 10 Feb. '65, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Sutton, John. Age 19. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; died
17 July '62, at Baltimore, Md.
Sutton, Reuben. Age 25. E. S. 17 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
S wander, De WALT J. Age 21. E. S. 24Sept. '6i. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
SwANDER, James W. Age 19. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal ; promoted to Sergeant ; M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
SwANEY, John F. Age 18. E. S. 11 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps 21 Nov. '64; M. O. 30 Aug. '65, at Hartford,
Conn., by order of War Department. Veteran.
SwANEY, William. Age 18. E. S. 25 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. II July '65.
Sweeny, James W. Age 18. E. S. 13 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 30 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Sweetland, Andrew. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.
I; wounded 3 July '63, at Gettysburg, Pa.; transferred 12 Jan. '64 to Co. H
7th Vet. Res. Corps
Sweetland, Daniel. Age 40. E. S. 10 Nov. '61. Private Co. I; promoted
to Corporal 7 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 10 May '63; transferred to Co. D 14th Vet.
Res. Corps — July '63.
SviOFT, Dean. Age 42. E. S. 24 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. E; died
29 Nov. '63, in hospital at Murfreesborough, Tenn.
Swisher, Thomas F. Age 45. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 355
discharged 19 Feb. '63, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
SwiTZER, James H. Age 19. E. S. 30 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. II July '65.
Sykes, Andrew J. Age 22. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Sergeant i July '62; to First Sergeant i Jan. '64; killed 15 May '64,
in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Tabler, William C. Age 22. E. S. 9 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
died 25 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va.
Taber, Benjamin C. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; to Regimental Quartermaster
17 July '62; M. O. I Jan. '65, expiration of term of service.
Tallman, Edward. Age 42. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
discharged 29 Aug. '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disa-
bility.
Tallman, William H. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Tanner, Benjamin. Age 28. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; wounded 18 June '64, in battle of Marietta, Ga.; discharged 6 July '65,
at Louisville, Ky., on surgeon's certificate of disability. Veteran.
Taylor, John. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Taylor, Thomas C. Age 18. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. IX July '65. Veteran.
Teel, William A. Age 25. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. II Nov. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Terry, Ira C. Age 22. E. S. 16 Sept '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; pro-
moted to Captain 7 Dec. '61; resigned 6 Nov. '62; Major 5th U. S. Colored
Troops Aug. '63; Lieutenant-Colonel 22d U. S. Colored Troops 25 Oct. '64;
Brevet Colonel 13 Mar. '65.
Terwilliger, Amos. Age 20. E. S. i Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis-
charged 16 Apr. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabihty.
Terwilliger, Manson. Age 17. E. S. i Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 16 Feb. '62, at New Creek, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Thacker, Thomas. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 20 Nov. '62, at Fairfax, Va.
Thomas, Jacob. Age 44. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed First
Lieutenant Co. F 16 Oct. '61; resigned 17 July '62.
Thomas Martin. Age 25. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; discharged 25 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O.,
on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Thomas, Walter W. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
3S6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
First Sergeant Co. C 16 Oct. '61; promoted to Second Lieutenant 15 Mar. '62,
but not mustered; died 2 April, '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Thomas, William C. Age 18. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; discharged 27 June, '64,
at Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Thompson, William H. Age 18. E. S. i Feb. '64; 3 years; Private
Co. G; killed 16 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Thorley, John W. Age 18. E. S. i Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
transferred to 59th Co. 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps 12 Sept. '63; trans-
ferred from Vet. Res. Corps 18 Nov. '64; M. O. 30 Nov. '64, at Columbus, O.,
on expiration of term of service.
Thorp, Amaziah. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Thorp, William. E. S. 4 Oct. '64. 3 years; Musician; M. O. 19 Aug. '62,
by order of War Department.
Thralkill, Daniel. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; died 31 Jan. '65, in hospital at Savannah, Ga.
Timbers, William E. Age 19. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. g June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Tittle, William R. Age 25. E. S. 30 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; to Sergeant i Aug. '63; M. O. 29 Dec. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
Todd, George W. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 22 Dec. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disa-
bility.
Treadwell, John M. Age '22. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; wounded 30 Aug. '62, at Bull Run, Va.; promoted to Corporal i Jan. '63;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 19 Oct. 64, on expira-
tion of term of service.
Tremain, Ross C. Age 20. E. S. 21 Sept. '61; 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Treuchell, Frederick M. Age 26. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; discharged 4 Feb. '63, at Indianapolis, Ind., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Trevor, Baxter. Age 18. E. S. 7 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. D; substi-
tute; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Bentonville, N. C; arm amputated;
discharged 14 June '65, at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor, on surgeon's certifi-
cate of disability.
Trotter, Minor K. Age '39. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 6 July '65, at Triplet U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., by order
of War Department.
Trowbridge, Henry H. Age 18. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; died 30 July '62, at Baltimore, Md.
ROSTER OF TH.Z COMMAND 357
Troxel, Henry. Age 19. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Trubey, Daniel. Age 40. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Truill, Isaac. Age — . E. S. . Reported to Co. B from con-
valescent camp, Alexandria, Va.; M. O. 11 July '65, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Tucker, Charles. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 9 June
'65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department. Veteran.
Twaddle, Abner D. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Tyler, Providence. Age 23. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 6 July '65, at Louisville, Ky., of wounds accidentally received 4 July '65.
Tyndall, Elijah. Age 37. E. S. 20 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. II July '65.
Upton, William. Age 36. E. S. 8 Nov. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D;
transferred to Co. B ist Vet. Res. Corps 15 Aug. '63.
Utz, Jacob. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D; dis-
charged 7 Jan. '63, at Columbus, O., for wounds received in action.
Vale, James H. Age 18. E. S. i Oct '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; died
26 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Valentine, RoLLA A. Age 18. E. S. i Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G ;
M. O. II July '65.
Valentine, Thomas G. Age 36. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. B; reduced to ranks ; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of
service.
Vandoren, Edwin. Age 35. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Vangorder, Francis. Age 25. E. S. 6 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal ; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.;
M. O. 17 Jan. '65, at Baltimore, Md., on expiration of term of service.
Vangorder, Robert. Age 37. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; killed 21 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.
Van Sickle, Martin. Age 19. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Van Wagoner, Hugh M. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. II July '65.
Vaughn, Henry. Age 30. E. S. 20 Nov. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal ; discharged 12 Mar. '63, for wounds received
30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
358 TRIALS Ah D TRIUMPHS
Veon, John F. Age 36. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. B; dis-
charged 12 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
VoGLE, Anthony. Age 18. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K; M. O.
II July '65. Veteran.
VoLCK, Edward. Age 25. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
died 25 Sept. '62, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 30 August '62, in
battle of Bull Run, Va.
VoSBTJRG, Harmon J. Age 32. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps at Cliffburn Barracks, D. C. — Dec. '63.
Wade, Ogeda. Age 18. E. S. 15 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. D; sub-
stitute; M. O. II July '65.
Wagar, George M. Age 26. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; transferred to i6th Co. 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 5 Aug. '63.
Waggoner, Moses. Age 30. E. S. 13 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. II May '65, at Richmond, Va., by order War Department.
Wagner, Benjamin. Age 43. E. S. 3 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 11 July '65.
Waldron, William. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician
Co. D; died 31 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Wales, Jacob B. Age 22. E. S. 10 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co A;
M. O. II July '65.
Walker, Albert. Age 34. E. S. i Mar. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 15 Mar. '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Walker, Frederick G. A. Age 26. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private
Co. B; drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War
Department.
Walker. James D. Age 22. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal, ; discharged 29 Oct. '62, at Fairfax, Va., on sur-
geon's certificate of disability.
Walker, Perry. Age 23. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
wounded 2 May '63, at Chancellorsville, Va.; transferred to 126th Co. 2d
Battahon Vet. Res. Corps 28 Dec. '63.
Walsw^orth, George. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; died 10 July '62, at Winchester, Va.
Walsworth, Loring. Age 21. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
died of typhoid fever 20 July '62, in Huron Co., O.
Walter, Joseph. Age 30. E. S. 4 Oct. '64. i year. Private Co. B
M. O. II July '65.
Warner, David. A Age 25. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Warren, David A. Age 25. E. S. 17 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. C
promoted to Corporal 10 Apr. '62; to Sergeant 27 Oct. '62; to ist Sergeant
28 Oct. '64; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa., and 19 Mar. '65,
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 359
in battle of Benton ville, N. C; wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree
Creek, Ga.; discharged 3 July '65, fat DeCamp Hospital, N. Y.; commis-
sioned 2d Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered. Veteran.
Warren, Frederick. Age 18. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 'years; Private Co. G;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsvillC; Va.; transferred to 120th Co.
2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps 15 Dec. '63.
Warren, Henry B. Age 20. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa ; pro-
moted to ist Sergeant i Jan. '64; to Quartermaster Sergeant 28 Oct. '64; to
ist Lieutenant Co. D 20 April '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Waters, William H. Age 27. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. A 14th Vet. Res. Corps 9 June '63.
Watkins, Elijah. Age 37. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at McDougall General Hospital, N. Y. Harbor, by
order of War Department.
Watson, Enoch B. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va., and 15 May '64, in battle of
Resaca, Ga.; transferred to Co. I 17th Vet. Res. Corps, 3 Aug. '64. Veteran.
Watson, Pliny E. Age 19. E. S. 5 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Quartennaster Sergeant 14 Sept. '63; to ist Lieutenant Co. K
27 June '64; honorable discharge 8 June '65.
Watts, John W. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Webb, John. Age 39. E. S. 26 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Weigel, Barney. Age 22. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; discharged 9 Jan. '63.
Weise, Christian. Age 21. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; to Sergeant 2 May '63; killed 2 May '63,
in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Weisenberger, George W. Age 32. E. S. 29 Sept. '62. 3 years;
Private Co. K; wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellors-
ville, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 2 June '65, at Madison, Ind., by order of War
Department.
Welch, Charles H. Age 22. E. S. iSSept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Welch, Jerome. Age 18. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
died TO July '64, at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received 21 June '64, in battle
of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.
Welch, Jonathan, Sr. Age. E. S. 7 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged '62, at Norwalk, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Welch,|Jonathan, Jr. Age 33. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
360 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Co. C; promoted Corporal i May '65; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettys-
burg, Pa.; 25 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
Welch, Luther A. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 16 April '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Wells, Daniel. Age 27. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 3 Dec. '62, at New York City, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Welsh, Benjamin. Age 24. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to 1st Sergeant 11 Nov. '61; killed 30 Aug. '62, in ^battle of Bull
Run, Va.
Werner, William. Age 21. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. II July, '65. Veteran.
Wert, George W. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; M. O. II July, '65. Veteran.
West, Fernando. Age 18. E. S. 28 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 26 Dec. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
West, John. Age 38. E. S. i Oct '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; promoted
to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; discharged 23 July, '63, at Alexandria, Va., on sur-
geon's certificate of disability.
Westfall, Elihit. Age 32. E. S. 7 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 16 Sept. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Westmire, Henry. Age 36. E. S. 20 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June, '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Weswassar, Adam. Age 31. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, — May '6y, M. O. — Dec. '64, on expiration of
term of service.
Wheaton, John F. Age 20. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; discharged 22 Sept. '62, at Fort McHenry,
Md., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Wheeler, Alfred. Age 25. E. S. 15 Sept. '62. 3 years; Chaplsiin;
resigned 16 Aug. '63.
Wheeler, Charles. Age 36. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Whidden, James F. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 7 Feb. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Whisler, William. Age 19. E. S. 5 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Whttcraft, John. Age 27. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65; at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment.
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 36 J
White, David R. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. B;
died 30 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
White, John. Age 31. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C; dis-
charged 29 Jan. '63, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
White, John. Age 25. E. S. 29 Dec. '63. 3 years; Private, unassigped;
transferred to Co. F 14th Olaio Volunteer Infantry.
White, John. Age 18. E. S. 8 Nov. '61. i year; Private Co. I; dis-
charged 20 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
White, William B. Age 36. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, by order of War Department.
Whittlesey, Chaiiles B. Age 27. E. S. 27 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. I; died 21 Feb. '64, at Nashville, Tenn.
Whyler, Sebastian E. Age 24. E. S. 23 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. D; captured 2 Oct. '64; M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O.
Whyler, Sebastian E. Age 21. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Wickham, Charles P. Age 25. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. D 20 Oct. '61; promoted to Captain Co. I 2 Oct. '62; to
Major 27 June '64; to Lieutenant-Colonel 6 June '65; Brevet Lieutenant-
Colonel 13 Mch. '65, for gallant and meritorious services; M. O. 11 July '65.
Wickham, William S. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant
Co. D; promoted to ist Sergeant 2 Oct. '62; to 2d Lieutenant 10 Mar. '63;
transferred to Co. C i June '63; promoted to ist Lieutenant Co. I 19 Mar. '64;
to Captain Co. D 26 Sept. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Widener, John C. Age 43. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
drafted; died 28 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
WiDMER, John. Age 22. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. II July '65.
Wight, Gilbert W. Age 32. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.
G; discharged i Sept. '62, at Fort McHenr}', Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Wilbur, Henry. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 26 May, '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart-
ment.
Wilcox, Charlton. Age 18. E. S. 16 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
substitute; M. O. n July '65.
WiLDMAN, Frederick A. Age 48. E. S. 13 Sept. '6r. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. D 20 Oct. '61; resigned 12 Feb. '63.
Wilkinson, Elisha P. Age 35. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Sergeant 14 Dec. '61; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
WiLLL-urs, David S. Age 24. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 19 Mar. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Williams, Edward. Age 29. E. S. i Jan. '64. 3 years; private Co. B;
M. O. 10 Aug. '65, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
362 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Williams, George S. Age 27. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
WiLLLAMS, Francis A. Age 31. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged 5 Oct. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability.
Williams, Joseph H. Age 32. E. S. i Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 24 May '65, by order of War Department.
WiLLLAMS, RUSSEL S. Age i8. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A.; appointed Corporal ; killed 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Benton-
viUe, N. C. Veteran.
WiLSEY, George. Age 26. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 25 Sept. '62, at New York City, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Wilson, Charles L. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree
Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 Jvily '65. Veteran.
Wilson, Ezra J. Age 35. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court
House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Wilson, John. Age 22. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. G; sub-
stitute; no further record found.
Wilson, John. Age 19. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. F; sub-
stitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Wilson, John A. Age 25. E. S. 29 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 25 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.
Wilson, John L. Age 22. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. I year; Private Co. E
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Wilson, Thomas. Age 29. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Wilson, Willlam L. Age 18. E. S. i Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
discharged i June '62, at Frankhn, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Wilt, Moses W. Age 21. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; M
O. II July '65. Veteran.
Winch, Wllllam. Age 20. E. S. 13 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Wing, Sumner A. Age 30. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
M. O. II July, '65. Veteran.
Winklepleck, George. Age 24. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; discharged 16 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Winklepleck, John. Age 22. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran.
Winters, Allen E. Age 18. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 363
captured while foraging 5 Mar. '65; M. O. '21 June '65, at Camp Chase. O.,
by order of War Department. Veteran.
Winters, George O. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '6r. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
Wise, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I; substi-
tute; died 3 Mar. '65, in hospital near Chesterfield Court House, S. C.
Withers, Albert .. Age 20. E. S. 29 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. E;
transferred to Co. F, 17th Vet. Res. Corps 31 Oct. '63.
Wolf, Willlam. Age 37. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. i year; -Private Co. D;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
WoLERET, Frederick. Age 20. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; transferred to 125th Co. 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps 18 Dec. '63.
Wolfret, John. Age 18. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
missing 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Rim, Va.; no further record found.
Wood, Guel M. Age 14. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. D;
M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Wood, Theodore M. Age 23. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. D; woimded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.,
promoted to Sergeant i Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant i Nov. '64; commissioned 2d
Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Woodrich, Charles. Age 40. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. I;
drafted; died 18 Apr. '65, in hospital at Raleigh, N. C.
Woodruff, Jesse. Age 18. E. S 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 3 Dec. '62 at Fairfax Seminary, Va., for wounds received
30 Aug. '62, at BuU Run, Va., in action.
Worman, Celixts W. Age 18. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
WoRMLEY, Augustus S. Age 33. E. S. 11 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; promoted to Sergeant 21 Nov. '61; to 2d Lieutenant, 19 Aug. '62; to
ist Lieutenant 8 May '63; to. Captain 9 May '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Wright, Eli C. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 2 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Wright, George W. Age 40. E. S. i Jan. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
drafted; died 9 Feb. '65, near Blackville, S. C.
Wmght, George W. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.
C; discharged 9 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Wright Jefferson. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Wyant, Alonzo p. Age 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 15 May '65, at Louisville, Ky., on surgeon's certificate of disa-
bility.
Wyatt, Frank. Age 18. E. S. 15 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 26 June '65,
at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
364 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Yager, Henuv. Age 22. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expi-
ration of tenn of service.
Yager, Jacob. Age 21. E. S. 18 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 17 July '65, at
Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Young James. Age 37. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. C;
discharged i Apr. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Young, John. Age 35. E. S. 25 Jan. '64. 3 years;_Privatc Co. K; M. O.
II July '65.
Young, John M. Age 19. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. i year; Private Co. C;
substitute; died 16 Apr. '65, at New Berne, N. C, of wounds received 19 Mar.
'65, in battle of Benton ville , N. C.
York, John B. Age 20. E. S. 6 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; cap-
tured g May '62, near Franklin, W. Va.; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chanccl-
lorsville, Va.
Young, Robkrt. Age 44. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
appointed Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Zarr, William. Age 34. E. S. 20 Oct. '6r. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Zeigler, James. Age 23. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. i year; Private Co. B;
wounded 19 Mar. '6^, in battle of Bentonville, N. C; M. O. 9 June '65, at
Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Zenders, Carl. Age 51. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; absent since at Cleveland,
O.; no further record found.
Zimmerman, Benjamin. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private"
Co. A; M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
ZmMERM.\N, John Z. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.
G; died 21 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
ZiMMERMAN, JOSEPH. Age 19. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 22 June '64, near Marietta, Ga.; promoted to Corporal i July '65;
M. O. II July '65. Veteran.
ZuBER, Joseph. Age 28. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; pro-
moted to Corporal 24 Feb. '64; to Sergeant i June '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.
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